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亲水胶体对竹荚鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究了亲水胶体类型和添加量对竹荚鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响.通过对竹荚鱼鱼糜的质构特性、持水力和白度的测定,以及超微结构观察等结果表明,添加可得胶、罗望子胶、魔芋胶、卡拉胶、琼胶和CMC的鱼糜凝胶能形成均匀、致密的三维凝胶网络结构,因此能显著改善竹荚鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性,其中可得胶的效果最显著,其次是罗望子胶、魔芋胶、卡拉胶;添加瓜尔胶和海藻酸钠对竹荚鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性无显著影响;添加黄原胶和果胶后形成了较疏松、网孔较大的网络结构,降低了竹荚鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性. 相似文献
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大豆分离蛋白(SPI)的许多重要的功能特性,会因为一些多糖类的添加而大大改善,例如可以提高食品体系的起泡性等。本文在前人研究的基础上,考察了添加黄原胶、卡拉胶和海藻酸钠等3种多糖时,其对SPI的起泡性的影响。结果表明:黄原胶、卡拉胶和海藻酸钠添加量均为0.1%时,复合体系泡沫的起泡度和泡沫稳定性都依次减小;随黄原胶添加量的增加SPI-黄原胶复合体系的起泡度和泡沫稳定性逐渐增大,添加量为0.10%时达到最大值;随PH值的增加,SPI-黄原胶复合体系的起泡度和泡沫稳定性逐渐增大,pH值7.0时达到最大值,之后稍微减小;随着NaCl浓度的增加,SPI-黄原胶复合体系的起泡度和泡沫稳定性逐渐提高;而起泡度在NaCl的浓度为0.75%达到最大值,泡沫稳定性在NaCl的浓度为0.50%达到最大值;在测定范围内,温度对SPI-黄原胶复合体系的起泡度随着温度的升高变化不明显,而泡沫稳定性随着加温度的升高而增加,60℃具有最大值,之后随着温度的增加而逐渐降低。 相似文献
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山楂银耳复合饮料生产工艺研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以山楂、银耳为原料生产山楂银耳保健饮料,通过对比试验和正交试验确定了最佳工艺参数,山楂添加量0.6%,银耳添加量0.8%,复合稳定剂用量0.57%(琼脂0.09%,耐酸CMC0.15%,果胶0.18%,黄原胶0.15%). 相似文献
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将λ-卡拉胶加入原料乳中,研究全脂、减脂和低脂(脂肪质量分数3.80%、1.83%、0.48%)牛乳酶凝胶的理化指标、结构及流变特性变化,为开发能替代全脂产品的低脂干酪提供参考。结果表明,加入0.03%λ-卡拉胶后,分别与对照组相比,实验组乳凝胶的含水率均显著增加(P0.05);添加0.03%λ-卡拉胶的减脂实验组得率、蛋白质回收率、脂肪回收率较对照组增加最多,分别为13.56%、1.77%、9.34%;加入0.03%λ-卡拉胶后,与对照组相比,实验组凝乳时间(G'=1 Pa)显著增加(P0.05),自发性乳清析出率减小(P0.05),硬度、弹性显著降低(P0.05),流变性无显著影响(P0.05)。综上,添加0.03%λ-卡拉胶后的减脂实验组,凝胶理化指标和质构特性与全脂空白对照组无显著性差异(P0.05),表明0.03%λ-卡拉胶具有增加凝胶的蛋白质回收率,软化质地,改善低脂干酪品质的潜力。 相似文献
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为研究NaCl环境中黄原胶的减阻特性及温度对其性能的影响,通过在光滑圆管内进行不同质量分数NaCl的黄原胶溶液减阻特性试验,得到不同质量分数XG/NaCl溶液的减阻率随流动雷诺数的变化关系,并与黄原胶水溶液的减阻特性进行了对比.结果表明:黄原胶稀溶液(0.01%~0.02%)内,NaCl质量分数对溶液减阻率随雷诺数变化的影响较大,对黄原胶浓溶液(0.05%~0.06%)影响较小;高质量分数NaCl条件下,黄原胶质量分数低于0.03%时大致遵循B型减阻类型;当黄原胶溶液质量分数大于或等于0.03%时,溶液具有从低雷诺数下A型减阻到高雷诺数下B型减阻的转换特征;黄原胶溶液的减阻率在低雷诺数时对温度的变化较为敏感,高雷诺数下的减阻效果受温度影响较小. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献