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设计了基于顶芽智能识别的棉花化学打顶系统,为实现精准作业,合理高效使用棉花化学打顶药剂,以减少因化学打顶剂的过度使用造成的环境污染。该系统主要由棉花顶芽识别系统、控制系统和喷施系统组成。采用YOLO v5s算法构建棉花顶芽识别模型。控制系统采用STM32F407单片机,负责接收识别系统的信号,并对各个棉花打顶剂管道进行控制。同时,显示界面能够实时显示机具行驶速度、药液流量、打顶剂液位等参数。试验结果表明,在田间全天光照试验中,上午和下午时间段识别效果最优;在速度0.4 m/s下,平均识别率约为94%;信号发送区间为100 mm时,成功向下位机发送信号的成功率达到92%;田间对靶喷施试验表明,有效喷施率为94%,满足作业要求。 相似文献
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为了提高棉花打顶机的自动化水平,以高地隙底盘棉花打顶机为载体,利用传感器技术、电机控制技术和PLC控制技术,结合机采棉品种棉花种植模式,设计了棉花打顶机自动对行装置。该装置主要由检测机构、对行机构、电机控制系统、电子控制系统和控制软件组成。采用RecurDyn软件对检测机构进行运动仿真,探究运动规律,为角度传感器选取提供理论依据;利用角度传感器获取棉株偏行量,建立检测杆转动角度与步进电机步进量和转动方向之间的对应关系,通过控制步进电机的步进量和转动方向实现对偏行棉株的精确打顶;通过人机交互界面对控制系统进行实时监测,以提高驾驶直线度。为避免侧枝干扰,对两侧低侧枝情况控制系统采用位置信息对比方法获取主茎秆位置;对单侧低侧枝情况按原程序执行,田间实测表明该误差可忽略。田间试验表明,与人工对行相比,自动对行平均偏行量减小了8.08cm,同比降低56.62%,无偏行率同比提高275%。 相似文献
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打顶是棉花生产过程中一个重要的环节,可以去除顶端优势,提高棉铃的数量和质量。人工打顶的劳动强度大,导致人力成本上升,成为棉花生产全程机械化的瓶颈。研制作业精准度高、适用性广的棉花自动打顶机械可以解决上述问题,具有广阔的应用前景。为此,研制了一种基于单片机的棉花打顶高度控制系统,采用超声波和传感器进行株高测量,包括控制模块、株高测量装置、速度感应装置、升降装置和打顶装置。室内的适应性检验结果表明,该系统对70~95cm高度范围内的棉花植株具有较好的适应性。该控制系统装载在3MDZ-1型棉花打顶机上,田间试验结果表明:在3.0km/h速度下的打顶效率最高,打顶率达到88%,每小时能够完成约0.7 km2面积的棉花打顶作业。该系统结构设计合理,实用性和适应性较好,可以作为棉花生产全程机械化的技术支撑。 相似文献
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基于PLC伺服控制的棉花打顶机设计与试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为推动我国棉花打顶作业机械化发展进程,设计了基于PLC伺服控制的3MD-3型棉花打顶机,包括3套单体仿形的打顶机构及1套伺服控制系统。该棉花打顶机控制系统通过触控屏设定棉花打顶高度及打顶速度等参数,结合传感器获取的棉株顶端位置,通过PLC控制打顶刀动作实现自动打顶。通过试验,对比检验了双刀打顶方式的可靠性,验证了行驶速度与提升控制频率间的正相关性。结果表明:该棉花打顶作业效率0.36hm~2/h时,打顶的准确率可达到8 5%。 相似文献
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3MDZJ-1型电力驱动式棉花智能精准打顶机的研制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对现有棉花打顶机械对棉花实际生长高度测量效果差及打顶过程中漏打顶、过打顶等问题,提出了检测装置与打顶装置分开、升降动力与切割动力分开的方案,研制了一种基于FPGA的电力驱动式棉花智能精准打顶机。检测装置对棉花高度精准检测,打顶装置根据机具前进速度进行实时调整,实现了精准定量打顶;触屏控制系统能够实时显示作业速度、作业面积及监控棉花打顶过程,大大提高了棉花打顶机械的智能化水平。田间试验结果表明:整机结构稳定,机具作业速度在2.97km·h-1以内时,打顶率达90%以上,机具结构设计合理,为棉花打顶机械化提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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基于自动检测与控制的棉花打顶装置的设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国农机化学报》2017,(12)
针对棉花打顶机械化程度低,打顶精度差等问题,结合棉花打顶的农艺要求,设计激光自动检测与控制的棉花打顶装置,完成了升降机构、自动检测和控制系统的设计,改进设计滚筒式切顶装置。采用实验分析的方法测试激光测高装置的性能。通过试验,设计的打顶装置以5.4km/h匀速前进时,激光检测的植株高度与植株实际高度的误差最大为82mm,最小为-1mm,去掉极大值和极小值后,自动检测的误差平均值为-7.32mm。通过对激光检测的高度数据和植株真实高度的拟合分析,激光检测植株的高度与植株真实高度吻合,变化趋势一致,可满足激光测高装置的设计要求,为机械化棉花打顶装备的研制提供技术方案。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献