共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
将轮式小拖拉机进行改造,装配绞盘机和搭载板后进行集材,在集材距离200~300 m时,日集材量为:冬季20~30 m3,夏季15~20 m3,比畜力集材提高了4~6倍;集材成本为15~20元.m-3,是畜力集材的50%。利用轮式小拖拉机进行集材,对地表及幼苗幼树的破坏程度大幅度降低,是目前可供选择的一种较好的集材方式。 相似文献
2.
刘金令 《林业机械与木工设备》1989,(2):55-56
1 概述多年来松拖为我国林业提供了上万台集材-50A拖拉机。最近为满足用户对集材拖拉机的需要,吸收国际同类产品的先进技术,从我国实际情况和广大林业用户的实际需要出发,研制了80马力802J型林业集材履带拖拉机。 相似文献
3.
间伐伐区小型集材机的设计 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《林业工程学报》2016,(3)
通过对间伐材集材工艺和设备的分析,提出了一种整体尺寸仅有2 790 mm×780 mm×1 215 mm的小型集材拖拉机设计方案。介绍了该机的整体结构和工作原理,并对其主要的工作装置绞盘机和搭载装置的结构进行了设计分析;同时对集材拖拉机的行驶稳定性进行了定性分析,得出影响稳定性各因素之间的关系,降低质心、保持较小偏心距、增加轨距可获得良好行驶稳定性。通过计算得出整机纵向行驶的最大坡度角31°,横向行驶的最大坡度角36.7°,转弯半径1.4 m,最大转弯速度7.2 km/h,可在株行距较小的伐区正常作业。因此该机能够适应伐区集材条件,具有良好的行驶稳定性,对满足伐区生产需求、推动林业现代化具有较大作用。 相似文献
4.
拖拉机集材对林地土壤的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文从环境保护的观点出发.分析了拖拉机集材造成的林地土壤压实、水土流失。并对集材前后迹地土壤营养成份流换情况进行对比。结果表明,拖拉机集材对森林生态环境破坏较为严重。不符合生态效益对林业生产的要求。 相似文献
5.
介绍了FYJ-1型轮式抚育伐集材拖拉机集材装置的结构、特点和主要技术参数。该装置结构紧凑、体积小,具有反转等功能,绞集和松绳轻便自如,绞集速度适中,生产效率高。 相似文献
6.
介绍了FYT-1型轮式抚育伐集材拖拉机磨合的正确方法，根据多年的生产实践总结出其在磨合过程中要特别注意的八点事项。阐述了专用集材装置的磨合及技术保养方法，并以技术规程的形式对整机的磨合以及磨合后的技术保养进行说明，对正确磨合和使用FYT-1型轮式抚育伐集材拖拉机具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
7.
当前,世界林业生产较发达的各国(如美国、加拿大等)轮式集材机已经取代了履带式集材机。而我国目前生产使用的林用集材拖拉机仍有履带式、轮式两类,其中尤以轮式集材机的发展起步较晚。为了不断提高轮式拖拉机的研制水平,笔者在伊春儿个林业局进行了实地调查,并针对调查中发现的国产轮式集材机在驾驶座舒适性方面存在的问题进行了试验测试,现将有关情况介绍 相似文献
8.
1问题的提出 哈尔滨拖拉机厂是我国唯一一家生产林业集材拖拉机的工厂,林业拖拉机制造技术处国内领先水平.20世纪60年代开发生产的集材-50A履带式拖拉机及其随后工厂自行研制生产的集材-80A型拖拉机在国内市场上处于垄断地位,除满足国内市场需求外,还多次出口印度尼西亚、俄罗斯、赞比亚、马来西亚、索罗门群岛、坦桑尼亚等国家和地区.集材-50A拖拉机是部优产品."七五"和"八五"期间工厂引进了美国卡特彼勒公司的轮式营林集材拖拉机系列产品底盘制造技术及部分关键设备,使工厂在林机产品开发、工艺手段及检测水平上又有了新的提高.但由于国家在20世纪80年代后期实施"天保"工程,实行封山育林并限制采伐,使得林业集材拖拉机的需求量锐减,出现了近二十年的产业萧条. 相似文献
9.
J—50型拖垃机是履带式集材专用拖拉机,装有绞盘机和液压操纵的搭载板,集材方便;有较高的载量;重心低、转弯半径小、有较高的灵活性和行驶稳定性;有较大的附着牵引力和较高的爬坡能力;比压少、地隙大、有较好的通过性能;是我国当前集材用拖拉机主要机型之一,各林业局都有一定的保有量。 相似文献
10.
据国内外调查研究表明:拖拉机集材对作业区面积的破坏为5-12.54%;对幼树的损伤率为13-50%;集材后使土壤容重提高20%,大孔隙减少40%、对水份的渗透速率降低47%.为减少拖拉机集材对林地破坏和对幼树的损伤及有利森林更新,应采取如下措施:(一)拖拉机集材应安排在冬季进行;(二)在择伐伐区,拖拉机原条集材应不离道,绞集单根抽;或拖拉机原木集材,集材道间距加宽到100M,以畜力或人力将原木小集中到集材道旁;(三)在皆伐伐区,拖拉机集材也应尽可能保护幼树和保留一定株数母树;(四)采用特宽低压轮胎轮式集材机集材. 相似文献
11.
Rostam Mousavi 《林业研究》2012,23(4):691-697
The performance of the skidder Timber jack 450 C was presented in timber skidding of non-coniferous trees in hilly and mountainous conditions.An empirical time study was conducted to evaluate the current skidding system in Hyrcanian forest in northern Iran for improving production rate of skidding and finding out the production cost for planning.Based on the identified elements of skidding work phase and 130 recorded cycles,we calculated the models for effective time consumption,total productivity,and unit cost.The validity of the model was tested at 95% confidence interval.The average load volume per cycle was 2.82 m 3,average one way skidding distance was 450 m,and the average slope was 18%.The average travel speed of unloaded skidder was 5.8 km·h-1,and the average speed of loaded skidder was 0.1 km·h-1 higher than the speed of the unloaded ones.The travel speed was predominantly affected by longitudinal slopes and types of strip roads.The average speed of pulling the cable was 1.16 km·h-1,and that of load winching was 0.74 km·h-1.The average outputs in skidding was 10.6 m 3 ·h-1 and the unit cost was 12.1 US$ per hour.The time consumption and productivity of skidding depends on distances and slope,number of logs per cycle,volume,log length,etc.However,the influence of variables is not the same. 相似文献
12.
Mohammad Reza Ghaffariyan Ramin Naghdi Ismael Ghajar Mehrdad Nikooy 《Small-Scale Forestry》2013,12(2):181-192
Time equations are derived for felling with chainsaw, skidding with cable wheeled skidder, loading with grapple hydraulic loader and trucking of logs within a cut-to-length harvesting method. The continuous time study method was applied to collect data for felling, skidding, loading and a transportation model. Multiple regression analysis via SPSS software was applied to develop the time models. Felling time was found to be highly dependent on diameter at breast height. Skidding distance, winching distance, slope of the trail and piece volume were significant variables for the skidding time prediction model. The loading time model was developed considering piece volume. Transportation distance and load volume were used as independent variables in modeling the transportation time. The net production of felling was estimated at 12 trees/h (56.65 m3/h). The net production rates for skidding, loading and traveling averaged 18.51, 41.90 and 3.32 m3/h respectively. The total cost of harvesting from stand to mill was estimated 19.70 €/m3. The skidding phase was the most expensive component of the cut-to-length method. The bucking and delimbing components were less costly than the other logging phases. The results of this study can be used for harvesting planning and productivity optimization. 相似文献
13.
Meghdad Jourgholami 《林业研究》2012,23(2):333-337
Hyrcanian (Caspian) Forest in northern Iran has a richness of biological diversity, with endemic and endangered species. The usage of ground-based skidding is well accepted practice for the extraction of timber from the forest, but this operation has tended to cause the greatest environmental problems. The aims of the study were to evaluate and comparison of operational impacts, residual stand damage, regeneration, and to quantify these effects such as: the extent of the damage, wounding patterns, size and distribution after logging operations that utilized two different methods: short-log and long-log. A Timberjack cable skidder was used and the study location was in the Kheyrud Forest. Post harvesting assessment of damage to the residual stand was compared along skid trail by 100% inventory method and also for the assessment of regeneration damage along winching strips. The results show that along winching strips the percentage of damage to the regeneration was 44% and 36%, while the tree damages along skid trails reached 2.3% and 4.1% in the short-log and long-log methods, respectively. The greatest average amount of damage to a bole occurred along the first 1 m up from the ground (97%) and also within 4 m of the skidder centerline (80%). These results show that the short-log method causes less damage to the residual stand than the long-log method. Tree location to skidder trail appears to have a significant effect on the number and height of scars on a tree. Well designed and constructed trails should be wide enough to allow wood extraction from the forest. Damage to the residual stand might be reduced by proper planning and training of logging crews. 相似文献
14.
The importance of environmental and economical aspects in sustainable forest management (SFM), demands a continuing need for the application of efficient methods in this field. In this paper, we applied analytic network process (ANP) with benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks (BOCR) to evaluate four existing wood extraction methods (rubber-tired skidder, tracked skidder, cable logging and animal skidding) and select the best one based on SFM strategies in the Caspian (Hyrcanian) Forest, in northern Iran. The required data were obtained either from the previous studies or through pairwise comparisons conducted by a panel of forest engineering experts. Based on the BOCR subnetworks and their corresponding criteria, four alternatives were synthesized. ANP analysis indicated that the benefits and risks were more important in terms of decision-making, compared to the opportunities and costs. Finally, the alternative of ‘rubber-tired skidder’ was selected as the most suitable method for meeting SFM strategies. The decision framework proposed in this study offers a means for the reorganizing and planning of timber harvesting operations as an integral step toward SFM. By making minor adjustments for local conditions, this decision framework can be adapted for many other regions and countries. 相似文献
15.
通过对集材机行走系统的研究,设计了一台三角履带式集材机。介绍了集材机整机结构、三角履带结构,并分析计算了牵引力、功率。利用MATLAB对车辆稳定性进行分析,发现降低质心高度、减小质心偏移距离、增加轨距可提高车辆稳定性。计算得出其空载纵向上、下坡最大行驶坡度分别为38.4°、33.2°,满载时分别为37.6°、38.1°,横向匀速直线和匀速转弯最大行驶角度为26.4°、22.8°。利用Adams对坡度为25°时车辆上、下坡及横向直线行驶运动进行仿真,结果表明:车辆有良好的爬坡能力和行驶稳定性。该研究对集材机的发展有一定参考意义。 相似文献
16.
《Southern Forests》2013,75(3-4):149-154
Australia is at an early stage of exploring the use of forest biomass to generate energy. This study evaluated the biomass yield and the productivity rates of equipment for harvesting biomass in a poor-quality eucalypt plantation. The operation consisted of a tracked feller-buncher, grapple skidder and mobile chipper. Time study methods were used to measure the harvesting operation. A multiple regression model was constructed to predict skidding productivity. Biomass production was 63.9 t ha?1 based on the recorded load weight of eight trucks. Delays were documented and analysed. The average delay for all equipment was about 30% of working time. The study results will help guide biomass harvesting managers to estimate productivity and cost of similar operation sites. 相似文献
17.
Wood Extraction with Farm Tractor and Sulky: Estimating Productivity, Cost and Energy Consumption 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
A winch and a sulky can transform a farm tractor into an effective small-scale logging machine, closely resembling a wheeled
cable skidder. The additional cost of these implements is very small, but they offer significant benefits when extracting
timber under the conditions of small-scale forestry. The authors developed a productivity model for skidding timber with wheeled
farm tractors, equipped with winch and sulky. The origin data pool contained over 300 individual skidding cycles, extracted
from 8 separate tests. Statistical analysis of the data allowed calculating a simple mathematical relationship for estimating
skidding productivity as a function of significant work conditions, such as: piece size, winching distance, tractor power,
skidding distance and crew size. This model can provide useful directions to prospective users, contributing to operation
planning, costing and optimization. It can predict a large proportion of the variability in the data and was successfully
validated using reserved cycle records, extracted from the same data pool and not used for model development. Depending on
tractor power and piece size, the average turn volume and productivity can exceed respectively 2 m3 per cycle and 4 m3 per Scheduled Machine Hour (SMH). Top performance can reach 8 m3 SMH−1, with heavy tractors and large logs. 相似文献
18.
19.
The impact of skidding operations on forest soils can be divided into three major categories: soil profile disturbance, soil compaction, and soil puddling and rutting. The present study was designed as a factorial experiment in the Kheyrud Forest with a Timberjack cable skidder to evaluate the influences of number of machine passes and soil moisture of skid trails on rutting over a fine-grained soil, and to quantify these effects. The effects of soil moisture of 20% 30%, 30% 40% and 40% 50% and different levels of compaction were studied. Compaction treatments were applied using different numbers of skidding passes (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 times). Result shows that an increase in the number of machine passes could increase rut depth, but the majority of rutting was occurred after the initial few machine passes. Also rut depth at soil moisture of 40% 50% was higher than rut depths at soil moisture of 30% 40% and 20% 30%. The average rut depth in soil with 20% 30%, 30% 40% and 40% 50% moisture was 17, 22 and 35 cm, respectively. Rut depths were increased significantly with soil moisture and number of machine passes. It is suggested that skidding operations should be planned when soil conditions are dry in order to minimize rutting., but if skidding must be done under wet conditions, the operations should be stopped when machine traffic could create deep ruts. 相似文献
20.
通过对沾河林业局现有的兴安落叶松人工林抚育机械即割灌机、油锯、集材机械进行分析和研究,结果表明：国产机型与国外先进机型相比,还存在着很大的改进空间。短距离集材,畜力集材具有优势;随集材距离加大,拖拉机集材效率明显高于畜力集材。影响集材效率的关键因素是回空和重载时间。 相似文献