共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
赵建达 《中国农村水利水电》2009,(11):147-150
作为清洁能源,欧洲小水电已实现有序、有限制地开发利用。受"欧盟水框架指令2002/60/CE"和严格的环境保护政策等因素的制约,小水电项目开发许可证获取遭遇繁文缛节的行政管理程序,相比风电等其他可再生能源的快速发展,欧洲小水电发展缓慢。2020年,欧盟各国能源消耗的20%来自于可再生能源的目标为困境中的欧洲小水电发展带来新的机遇。介绍分析欧洲可再生能源及小水电的现状和主要发展障碍,特别是欧洲复兴开发银行对小水电项目融资设定的严格环保要求,比较小水电和风电的投资和发电成本,及欧洲采取的对策和行动。 相似文献
2.
水电DM项目案例研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水电作为一种清洁的可再生能源,对抑制全球气候变化和促进可持续发展有着重要贡献,但由于水电项目一般投资大、风险高、收益低,所处地偏僻落后,项目实施存在较大障碍。本文以湖南一水电站为例,探讨通过清洁发展机制（CDM）水电项目的实施,实现温室气体的减排,由此获得经过核准的减排量（CERs）,并通过出售CERs信用额度获得额外收益,从而提高项目的经济效益、增强项目的财务和经济竞争力。 相似文献
3.
水电作为一种清洁的可再生能源,对抑制全球气候变化和促进可持续发展有着重要贡献,但由于水电项目一般投资大、风险高、收益低,所处地偏僻落后,项目实施存在较大障碍.本文以湖南一水电站为例,探讨通过清洁发展机制(CDM)水电项目的实施,实现温室气体的减排,由此获得经过核准的减排量(CERs),并通过出售CERs信用额度获得额外收益,从而提高项目的经济效益、增强项目的财务和经济竞争力. 相似文献
4.
5.
《中国农村水利水电》2015,(4)
近年来,随着水电建设成本的不断攀升,现行的水电上网电价已不能合理补偿投资成本,更不能反映水电作为清洁可再生能源的环保价值。提出基于减排效益的水电上网电价理论,认为由于发展水电项目降低的"环境污染损失"等同于"污染减排效益",并采用CDM方法学以及绿色GDP核算定量分析了由于水力发电产生的CO2、SO2、氮氧化物、烟尘减排效益,附加到经营期电价之上。最后以四川省某新建水电站为例,计算出其清洁电价,该电价合理反映了"同网同质同价"原则,可促进水电健康可持续发展。 相似文献
6.
7.
水电是一种优质的可再生能源，近年来小水电建设有力地促进了浙江省经济社会的发展。对小水电开发项目脱水段生态与环境的问题进行了分析，界定了相关名词，探讨了生态与环境需水量的计算方法，通过Tennant法分析了不同生态与环境用水量对水电站发电效益的影响，并对效益损失量进行了估算。 相似文献
8.
付自龙 《中国农村水利水电》2001,1(6):14-14
1 印度小水电开发状况(1)开发现状。印度可开发的小水电资源相当丰富 ,据估算达到 15 0 0万ｋＷ ,已探明的 2 .5万ｋＷ以下的小水电站 16 0 0余处 ,总容量达 85 0万ｋＷ。印度开发利用水能资源具有悠久的历史 ,早在公元前 30 0年就发明了水车 ,1897年 11月建立了第一个小水电站 ,装机为 135ｋＷ ,190 8年建成的 175 0ｋＷ的小水电使用原机组仍在满负荷运行。到目前为止 ,印度共建成小水电项目 389个 ,装机 134 .7万ｋＷ ,在建小水电项目 492个 ,装机规模 16 .8万ｋＷ。(2 )管理机构。印度于 1981年在能源部科技司成立非常规能源委员会 ,紧… 相似文献
9.
PPP融资模式在农村水电开发中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农村水电开发是一类既有政策扶持又有稳定现金流的项目。本文在系统分析中国农村水电的资金来源和构成的基础上,说明了PPP模式在农村水电开发的适用性,进而理论架构了农村水电开发PPP融资的应用模型,指出农村水电开发项目运用PPP模式进行融资分两个阶段完成,最后论述了农村水电开发项目PPP融资模式的应用前景。 相似文献
10.
近年来,我国水电开发企业在东南亚地区投资的水电项目越来越多,如何有效的识别、分析和防范东南亚地区的水电项目投资风险成为迫切需要研究的问题。本文从分析我国水电开发企业东南亚水电项目投资风险特征出发,运用风险分解结构（RBS）从宏观环境、企业层面和项目层面识别了东南亚水电投资的主要风险因素,并运用解释结构模型（ISM）分析了各风险因素之间的关系,划分了风险层次结构,确定了主要风险,为我国水电开发企业有效的管理和应对东南亚地区水电项目投资风险奠定基础。 相似文献
11.
Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
12.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
13.
对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
14.
对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
15.
About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
16.
在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
17.
Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
18.
在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
19.
20.
车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献