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《中国畜牧杂志》2016,(11)
近红外光谱技术(Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy,NIRS)是基于由定义的参考方法测定的化学特征和光在近红外区不同波长的吸收率的相关,通过漫反射(固体)或投射(液体)的方式测量的技术。近红外光谱技术是一种高效快速的现代分析技术,它综合应用了计算机技术、光谱技术和化学计量学等多个学科的研究成果,已经越来越多地应用于测定和评价动物饲料成分组成,是一种快速准确可靠的测量方法。它可以监测饲料品质,进行饲粮评价,近几年在预测饲料化学组成和消化率方面也逐渐被发掘和应用。本文总结了近红外光谱技术的优点和影响近红外光谱测定准确性的因素,阐述了近红外光谱的测定方法、定标和测试,以及该技术在反刍动物生产中的研究应用,同时对其存在的问题及未来发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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近红外光谱(NIR)技术已经在许多行业的定量和定性分析中广泛应用,而支持向量机(SVM)算法由于具有经验风险最小、防止过拟合、适于非线性分析等特点,开始逐步应用于近红外光谱分析领域。本文主要介绍了支持向量机,特别是最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)算法的特点,综述其在近红外光谱技术鉴别饲料原料、饲料产品、主要畜产品(肉、蛋、奶)种类和品质等非线性指标中的应用,同时分析了基于支持向量机算法的近红外光谱技术在未来饲料在线分析、低检测限成分的定性和定量分析,以及光谱信息数据提取算法改进等方面的研究趋势。 相似文献
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近红外技术在牧草方面的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对近红外光谱法的基本原理、特点、近红外光谱仪的发展及其在国外牧草应用上的研究情况作一阐述,来推动近红外技术在我国牧草研究中的应用. 相似文献
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放牧家畜养分消化率反映牧草供给量和营养品质、家畜的健康状况以及生产性能等，是草原管理的关键指标之一。放牧家畜养分消化率的测定方法主要有直接测定和间接估测两种，直接法包括全收粪法、指示剂法、近红外光谱法（NIRS）等，间接法主要有体内或体外发酵法、牧草品质和气候等预测法。全收粪法是较精确的测定方法，然而耗时、费力，对家畜放牧行为有较大影响，难以体现牧场饲草供给的空间异质性；指示剂法根据不溶物的回收比例估测养分消化率，对家畜放牧行为干扰较小，指示剂不易收集，也不适于野性较高的放牧动物；NIRS法效率高、劳动强度低、成本小、不影响家畜，能够大尺度地估测放牧家畜的养分消化率，需要大量的实测数据完善预测模型；气候估测法快捷、省时，精确性较差，适于大时空尺度。放牧家畜的养分消化率与家畜、草地、放牧方法、温度、降水等生物因子，环境因子和社会因子密切相关，与遥感、无人机（UAV）和人工智能等结合，可以准确、快速地测定放牧家畜养分消化率，为草地生态修复与健康管理提供支撑。 相似文献
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对2012-2013年黄土高原种植的13个牧草品种、780份干草样品的营养成分建立了近红外光谱(near infrared reflectance spectroscopy,NIRS)的检测模型。豆科牧草的粗脂肪(EE)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和粗灰分(Ash)建模结果最好,其定标决定系数(RSQ)0.94,交叉验证相关系数(1-VR)0.7最高,定标标准分析误差(SEC)在0.071~0.713,交叉校验定标标准分析误差(SECV)在0.160~2.751。禾本科牧草的EE和可溶性糖(WSC)建模结果最好,RSQ分别达0.916和0.859,1-VR分别为0.609和0.810,SEC和SECV分别是0.250、1.488和0.505、3.172。菊科和车前科牧草的模型,除ADF外,其它指标预测的稳定性和准确性较为理想,RSQ在0.85以上,1-VR在0.70以上,SEC和SECV分别在0.361~3.557和0.495~4.602。NIRS对豆科粗蛋白(CP)和WSC的数值预测较差,RSQ仅0.55,对禾本科CP、ADF、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、Ash及菊科和车前科的ADF的预测稍差,RSQ0.7。 相似文献
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近红外光谱分析技术在黑麦草粉粗蛋白测定中的应用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
选取河北省吴桥试区不同品种、不同熟期、不同地块的黑麦草样品65份 ,用凯氏定N法进行了常规粗蛋白含量的测定。从中选出30个粗蛋白含量不同的样品作为近红外漫反射技术(NIR技术)测定的定标样品集。结果指出 :用NIR法得到的预测值与用凯氏定N法得到的测定值间的复相关系数达到R2=0.99 ,定标标样的标准误均方RMSEC=0.34 % ;用21个样品作检测样品集 ,凯氏定N法得到的测定值与NIR预测值间的复相关系数为R2=0.98 ,检测集样品预测标准误均方RMSEP=0.42 %。这一结果表明NIR作为一种黑麦草粉粗蛋白快速分析的技术是可行的 相似文献
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This study evaluated the feasibility of using different doses of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an external marker of faecal output in sheep fed permanent grasslands fodder and compared two near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration strategies for determining faecal PEG content. Three levels of PEG (0.25%, 0.75% and 1.5% of total daily intake) were administered to eight wethers, with each level dosed twice daily. Animals were fed forage obtained from two permanent grasslands cut at two dates during the first cycle of growth. Polyethylene glycol recovery rate was higher (P<0.001) at the highest dose (0.78) and decreased as dose level decreased (0.61 and 0.30 for PEG levels of 0.75% and 0.25% of total daily intake, respectively). NIRS calibration equations established on PEG data dosed directly on the faecal samples (0.61) gave higher (P<0.001) PEG recovery rates than NIRS calibration equations performed on mixtures of faeces with different PEG concentrations (0.49). Finally, faecal output estimates were more accurate (P<0.001) when faeces were sampled at 8:00 (0.61) than at 16:00 (0.51). The highest PEG recovery rate (0.88) was achieved using the highest dose on morning samples when PEG content was estimated by NIRS using turbidimetric results as reference values. We conclude that the usefulness of PEG as an external marker for estimating faecal output on permanent grasslands is limited at PEG doses lower than 1.5% of intake. 相似文献
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利用投影寻踪回归技术进行草地产量预报的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文利用1991～1992年在新疆阜康县不同类型草地上观测的牧草产量、环境因子和卫星遥感资料运用投影寻踪回归(PPR)技术,探讨了草地产量预报的原理与方法,建立了产量预报综合模型,其预报精度达到83.5%以上,并克服传统预报方法的一些不足,科学地提示其内在关系,进而对影响产量预报精度和产量形成的因素进行分析与实验验证。因而研究结果表明利用PPR技术基本实现了科学预报草地产量的目的。 相似文献
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Ohlsson C Houmøller LP Weisbjerg MR Lund P Hvelplund T 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2007,91(11-12):498-507
The objective of the present study was to examine if near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) could be used to predict degradation parameters and effective degradation from scans of original forage samples. Degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of 61 samples of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was tested by using the in situ technique. The grass samples were harvested at three different stages, early vegetative growth, early reproductive growth and late reproductive growth. Degradability was described in terms of immediately rumen soluble fraction (a fraction, for DM and CP only as NDF does not contain a soluble fraction), the degradable but not soluble faction (b fraction) and the rate of degradation of the b fraction (c value). Overall effective degradability of DM, CP and NDF was also calculated. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy was examined for its ability to predict degradation parameters and to make a direct prediction of effective degradation from scans of the original samples of perennial ryegrass and orchardgrass. Prediction of effective degradation of the different feed fractions showed different accuracy. The coefficients of determination (R(2)) from regressions of predicted vs. measured effective degradation, using a cross-validation method, were 0.92 for DM, 0.78 for CP and 0.61 for NDF. The attempt to predict the degradation parameters (a, b and c) by NIRS was less successful as the coefficients of determination for the degradation parameters were low. Concentrations of CP and NDF in the original samples were predicted by using NIRS and the validated R(2) value was 0.98 for CP and 0.92 for NDF. It is concluded that using NIRS predictions from scans of original samples is a promising method to obtain values for the effective degradation of DM, CP and NDF in ruminant feeds, but that larger calibration sets are necessary for obtaining improved accuracy. 相似文献
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新疆地区草原改良与牧草生产机械化技术分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对比了国内外草地改良技术、牧草生产机械化技术，针对新疆地区现状进行分析，提出新疆地区今后草地改良技术、牧草生产机械化技术将在生物技术、机械工程相结合的基础之上，向专业化、集成化、智能化的方向发展。 相似文献