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张翠华 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):100-101
结合盘锦稻作区的自然条件、作物特点和生产实际,阐述实行保护性耕作的必要性和意义,介绍适于盘锦地区的残茬覆盖农田、激光平地技术、水田复式经营技术等5项保护性耕作技术,为其他地区实施此项技术提供参考。 相似文献
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结合盘锦稻作区的自然条件、作物特点和生产实际,阐述实行保护性耕作的必要性和意义,介绍适于盘锦地区的残茬覆盖农田、激光平地技术、水田复式经营技术等5项保护性耕作技术,为其他地区实施此项技术提供参考. 相似文献
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加快稻作机械栽培技术集成创新 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水稻生产在我国粮食生产中有不可替代地位,提高水稻综合生产力是保障我国粮食安全的长期战略目标。大力提高农业科技创新和转化能力、加快推进现代农业建设、促进丰产,直接关系到粮食安全。在耕地有限、资源紧缺与高度集约化经营条件下,惟有依靠农机农艺生物技术三结合的稻作技术集成创新,实现传统稻作方式向机械化省工节本的现代化高产优质稻作方式转变,提高水稻单产与总产水平,有效地缓解人地矛盾、劳力紧张、环境污染,可持续增强农业综合生产力,保障粮食安全。加快农艺农机生物技术集成创新,是新世纪发展现代稻作和社会主义新农村建设的战略选择与必然要求。 相似文献
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辽宁是我国北方严重缺水的省份之一,在长期与干旱的斗争中,发展了节水型稻作,插秧稻的浅湿间歇灌溉,直播稻的旱种、旱作,地膜覆盖种稻,以及用水上躲开辽河枯水期,充分利用降雨的大秧迟栽技术和水稻与小麦、大麦、油菜、绿肥等的轮作复种技术,构成了辽宁节水型稻作的基本内容。这套具有特色的水稻节水高产栽培技术的推广应用,使辽宁省近年来水稻生产发展较快,种植面积已达700万亩,平均亩产1984年达510.5公斤。 相似文献
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水稻机插(抛)秧技术是辽宁水稻生产机械化发展的关键环节,并在抚顺县得到试验与推广.通过水稻机插(抛)秧技术与常规育苗手插秧对比,表明该技术具有标准化程度高、技术效果好、经济效益和社会效益显著等特点,符合当地稻作要求. 相似文献
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一、西部地区对农业机械化的需求趋势西部地区农业开发是一项包括生态建设、经济开发和社会发展的系统工程,其最根本的目的是繁荣农村经济,富裕农民群众,为西部的开发打下良好基础。农业机械在西部农业开发中具有不可替代的作用,必将在开发过程中取得大的发展。但是,农业机械的卖点在哪,西部农业机械化的发展趋势是怎样的?这要从国家确定的开发重点项目和西部农业存在的主要问题出发,着重解决重点项目的机械化和农业生产过程中主要环节的机械化。 相似文献
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水稻软盘规格化育苗技术生产标准程度高、技术效果优良,符合辽宁稻作生产的特点,适宜大力推广应用。介绍水稻软盘育苗技术的工艺流程和技术要点,阐明该技术的优缺点,并与常规育苗对照,分析应用水稻软盘育苗技术所带来的经济效益。 相似文献
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K. Senthilkumar P.S. Bindraban N. de Ridder K.E. Giller 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(12):1851-1860
Efficient water use in rice cultivation is a prerequisite for sustaining food security for the rice consuming population of India. Novel rice production practices, including water-saving techniques, modifications in transplanting, spacing, weeding and nutrient management, have been developed and shown to be effective on farm, but adoption of these techniques by farmers has remained restricted. Potential constraints include technical difficulties with new practices, and labour and gender issues which differ between farms. On the basis of a rapid survey of 100 rice-based farms, four farm types were identified based on their socio-economic and biophysical characteristics. Detailed farm surveys were conducted on three representative farms of each farm type to evaluate land use patterns, use of inputs such as water, labour, nutrient, capital and machinery, income from crop and animal production and off-farm activities. Opportunities exist for one or more new rice cultivation techniques to be adopted in all the four farm types. For all farm types, however, the opportunities for use of water-saving irrigation were the least promising. In general, adoption of water-saving irrigation will not improve farmers’ livelihoods despite its importance in reducing water scarcity problems at regional scale. At farm scale, the potential for adoption of water-saving irrigation depends on the season, location of fields and the irrigation source. Changes in government policies such as rules and regulations, pricing, institution building and infrastructure development, as well as training and education of farmers are needed to improve the adoption of modified methods for rice cultivation. 相似文献
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K. Senthilkumar P.S. Bindraban T.M. Thiyagarajan N. de Ridder K.E. Giller 《Agricultural Systems》2008
The looming water crisis and water-intensive nature of rice cultivation are driving the search for alternative management methods to increase water productivity in rice cultivation. Experiments were conducted under on-station and on-farm conditions to compare rice production using modified methods of irrigation, planting, weeding and nutrient management with conventional methods of cultivation. Farm surveys were used to evaluate adoption of modified rice cultivation method. On-station experiments showed that, a combination of water-saving irrigation, young seedling or direct seeding, mechanical weeding and green manure application increased the rice water productivity though the largest yields were obtained for a combination of conventional irrigation, young seedling or direct seeding, mechanical weeding and green manure application. On-farm experiments demonstrated a yield advantage of 1.5 t ha−1 for the modified method over conventional method. We found, however, that yield advantages were not the sole factor driving adoption. Associated changes required in management, including the increased labour demand for modified planting, unwillingness of agricultural labourers to change practices, difficulties with modified nursery preparation and the need to replace cheaper women’s labour for hand weeding with more costly men’s labour for mechanical weeding, all reduced the chance of adopting the modified rice cultivation method. Risks associated with water-saving irrigation, such as uncertainty about the timing and amount of water release for irrigation affect adoption adversely as well. There was no incentive for farmers to adopt water-saving irrigation as water from reservoirs and electricity for pumping well-water are both free of charge. To date farmers continue to experiment with the modified cultivation method on a small part of their farms, but are unlikely to adopt the modified method on a large-scale unless policies governing water management are changed. 相似文献
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稻田农业节水栽培配套技术的研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
在湖南攸县、双峰进行的田间试验结果表明 ,稻草覆盖免耕结合浅湿灌溉的稻田农业节水栽培配套技术与传统的栽培方法比较 ,能提早和促进水稻分蘖 ,提高水稻根系活力、功能叶叶绿素含量和干物质的积累 ,降低水稻纹枯病的发生 ,晚稻产量达 8790 kg/ hm2 ,增产率达 10 .2 %;同时 ,能提高灌溉水的生产效率 ,节约灌溉用水量 ,晚稻田灌水次数减少 40 %,每公顷节约灌水量 112 3.5 m3、节省水稻生产成本 5 10元、纯收入增加 1437元。 相似文献
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水稻是我国主要的粮食作物之一，已有上千年的栽培历史，对我国农业经济的发展做出了巨大贡献。水稻强化栽培技术是促进水稻增产的新型栽培技术，介绍了水稻强化栽培技术的产量优势、杂交水稻的组合选择，并提出了水稻强化栽培技术的具体实施途径，以期能为农业工作者提供参考。 相似文献
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节水灌溉条件下水稻生长发育及生理机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国农村水利水电》1996,(11):15-16
以水稻节水灌溉试验的大量实测资料为基础，分析了节水灌溉对水稻主要形态指标、生理机制及对产量的影响，并对节水灌溉条件下水稻所特有的生理机制作了较细致的研究。研究成果对于指导有效、省水的稻田灌溉具有重要意义。 相似文献
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论川西北丘陵春夏旱区二熟制水稻节水栽培技术途径 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在多年研究与实践基础上,针对川西北丘陵春夏旱区的气候特点、水资源现状和稻田耕作制度,对该区二熟制杂交水稻生产环节中的节水问题进行了探讨,阐述了普及旱育秧、调整栽插期、适度精细耕整、田面覆盖、合理中耕和减少晒田期水资源浪费等栽培途径的节水意义及其相关技术。 相似文献
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以江苏省淮安市涟水县传统稻田、稻虾生态种养田为研究对象,提出了稻田生态种养水足迹核算方法,测算分析了不同种养模式在不同阶段的供、用、排水量,耗水规律和水足迹.研究结果表明:研究区不同种养模式下水稻的灌溉定额、生产水足迹及其组成足迹均存在差异;稻虾生态种养灌溉定额为24 922.95 m3/ha,是传统水稻灌溉定额的5.75倍;水稻生产水足迹为19.9 m3/kg,高于传统水稻生产水足迹11.9 m3/kg;传统水稻的绿水生产水足迹相比最高,而稻虾生态种养的灰水生产足迹最高,且高于绿水和蓝水生产水足迹;从水足迹角度,研究区稻虾生态种养模式的用水效率不高,应针对不同用水环节采取适宜的节水减排策略. 相似文献
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彭世彰 《中国农村水利水电》1992,(11)
1982年以来,于麦仁店灌溉试验站进行了控制土壤含水量水稻灌溉技术及水稻需水量的试验研究,其成果表明,采用节水高产的控制灌溉技术后,水稻耗水量大幅度下降,生理生态需水规律发生显著变化。文章从稻田土壤水分等生态环境的改善,以及水稻自身生理调节机能和适应能力变化等方面,分析了水稻节水机理,并对彭曼法在节水灌溉水稻需水量计算中的应用进行了探讨,提出了应力系数K_s的计算公式。 相似文献
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K. Senthilkumar M.T.M.H. LubbersN. de Ridder P.S. BindrabanT.M. Thiyagarajan K.E. Giller 《Agricultural Systems》2011,104(1):82-93
Improving water use and nitrogen efficiencies is of overall importance to society at large - to conserve scarce water resources and prevent environmental pollution. Efficient cultivation practices for rice which had no yield penalty were not adopted by farmers because of the open access to water free of charge. Well-chosen combinations of policy measures are thus needed to stimulate adoption of new cultivation practices. We developed a multi-objective linear programming (MGLP) model to explore the impact of: (i) modified rice cultivation including water-saving irrigation on farm profit; (ii) water pricing and water quota government policies on adoption of modified rice cultivation by farmers; (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii) to achieve the objectives of both farmers and society at large, and (iv) to study the trade-offs between income, water and nitrogen use. The analysis was carried out on four rice-based farm types for the state of Tamil Nadu, South India. Model results showed that observed farm profit of all four farm types could be increased using current practices simply by optimizing land use for specific crops. Adoption of modified rice cultivation further increased farm profit. Water-saving practices were selected only when water pricing was introduced. Farm profits were reduced even at low water prices but were compensated by farmers through adoption of modified rice cultivation. The combination of policies that stimulate adoption of modified rice cultivation was effective in achieving both increased farm income and water savings. The required water prices differed across farm types and seasons and impacted poor resource-endowed farmers the most. Providing water quotas could protect the poor resource-endowed farmers. The model helped to identify the optimal water price and water quota for each farm type to achieve both the objectives of farmers and society at large. Opportunities for reducing water use and avoiding environmental pollution at acceptable profits are available for all farm types, but need to be tailored to the farmers’ resource endowments. 相似文献