共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Comparative metagenomics of microbial communities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tringe SG von Mering C Kobayashi A Salamov AA Chen K Chang HW Podar M Short JM Mathur EJ Detter JC Bork P Hugenholtz P Rubin EM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5721):554-557
The species complexity of microbial communities and challenges in culturing representative isolates make it difficult to obtain assembled genomes. Here we characterize and compare the metabolic capabilities of terrestrial and marine microbial communities using largely unassembled sequence data obtained by shotgun sequencing DNA isolated from the various environments. Quantitative gene content analysis reveals habitat-specific fingerprints that reflect known characteristics of the sampled environments. The identification of environment-specific genes through a gene-centric comparative analysis presents new opportunities for interpreting and diagnosing environments. 相似文献
2.
3.
RNA viruses infect marine organisms from bacteria to whales, but RNA virus communities in the sea remain essentially unknown. Reverse-transcribed whole-genome shotgun sequencing was used to characterize the diversity of uncultivated marine RNA virus assemblages. A diverse assemblage of RNA viruses, including a broad group of marine picorna-like viruses, and distant relatives of viruses infecting arthropods and higher plants were found. Communities were dominated by distinct genotypes with small genome sizes, and we completely assembled the genomes of several hitherto undiscovered viruses. Our results show that the oceans are a reservoir of previously unknown RNA viruses. 相似文献
4.
The nuclei of the giant neurons of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica can contain more than 0.2 microgram of DNA. This is more than 200,000 times as much DNA as the haploid amount found in Aplysia sperm. On the basis of nuclear DNA content, the giant neurons R-2, P-1, and L-6 of adult animals can each be divided into at least two populations. The mean DNA content of these two populations (0.067 and 0.131 microgram of DNA) are approximately related by a factor of 2. This suggests that much and perhaps all of the genome replicates repeatedly (up to 16 times) during the growth and development of these neurons and that each replication is synchronous. The enormous amount of DNA in these cells opens up the possibility of characterizing the DNA and other constituents of chromatin from individual but phenotypically different neurons. 相似文献
5.
长片段水稻细菌人工染色体DNA的亚克隆文库的构建 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用超声波振断法将水稻细菌人工染色体 (BAC)基因组文库———Nipponbare库中的一个BAC克隆 (E5 0 )振断 ,产生许多大小不同的DNA随机片段 ,回收其中 1 7～ 3 5kb的片段 ,并将这些随机片段克隆入质粒载体pUC18,构建了适合于鸟枪法测序的亚克隆BAC文库 相似文献
6.
【目的】对豆天蛾核型多角体病毒（CbNPV）的gp41同源基因进行克隆和序列分析，为进一步研究该病毒基因组的结构打下基础。【方法】从豆天蛾幼虫尸体中分离纯化了豆天蛾核型多角体病毒，提取其基因组DNA，用shotgun法构建了DNA片段的文库，并进行了全基因组测序。对CbNPV的gp41同源基因进行序列分析。【结果】CbNPV的gp41同源基因长度为933 bp，编码310个氨基酸。氨基酸序列同源性分析结果表明，CbNPV GP41与I类NPV及II类NPV GP41的同源性分别为53%～61%和56%～73%。【结论】初步推测，CbNPV与II类NPV的亲缘关系可能更近。 相似文献
7.
The telomere end-protection problem is defined by the aggregate of DNA damage signaling and repair pathways that require repression at telomeres. To define the end-protection problem, we removed the whole shelterin complex from mouse telomeres through conditional deletion of TRF1 and TRF2 in nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) deficient cells. The data reveal two DNA damage response pathways not previously observed upon deletion of individual shelterin proteins. The shelterin-free telomeres are processed by microhomology-mediated alternative-NHEJ when Ku70/80 is absent and are attacked by nucleolytic degradation in the absence of 53BP1. The data establish that the end-protection problem is specified by six pathways [ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related) signaling, classical-NHEJ, alt-NHEJ, homologous recombination, and resection] and show how shelterin acts with general DNA damage response factors to solve this problem. 相似文献
8.
为了对CbNPV ubiquitin基因序列进行分析,并对目前已知全基因组序列的杆状病毒的泛素氨基酸序列进行比较。从豆天蛾幼虫尸体中分离纯化豆天蛾核型多角体病毒(CbNPV),提取基因组DNA,进行基因组测序。序列分析发现一个长度为252 bp的读码框序列与泛素基因同源性很高,该基因编码83个氨基酸。氨基酸序列同源性分析结果表明,CbNPV泛素的氨基酸序列与20种杆状病毒泛素的氨基酸序列的同源性在66.3%~82.1%,并且维持泛素功能所必需的氨基酸序列,在大部分杆状病毒中也都保守存在。 相似文献
9.
Muegge BD Kuczynski J Knights D Clemente JC González A Fontana L Henrissat B Knight R Gordon JI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6032):970-974
Coevolution of mammals and their gut microbiota has profoundly affected their radiation into myriad habitats. We used shotgun sequencing of microbial community DNA and targeted sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes to gain an understanding of how microbial communities adapt to extremes of diet. We sampled fecal DNA from 33 mammalian species and 18 humans who kept detailed diet records, and we found that the adaptation of the microbiota to diet is similar across different mammalian lineages. Functional repertoires of microbiome genes, such as those encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes and proteases, can be predicted from bacterial species assemblages. These results illustrate the value of characterizing vertebrate gut microbiomes to understand host evolutionary histories at a supraorganismal level. 相似文献
10.
DNA条形码在鱼类胃含物种类鉴定中的应用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
DNA条形码技术是利用一段较短的DNA序列实现快速准确物种鉴定的工具,已成为近年来生物类群的研究热点,并逐步被引进到各个领域。在海洋生物群落生态学中,DNA条形码已被用于海洋生物系统分类、分子遗传多样性、种间亲缘关系、系统进化关系等研究;国外已有学者将其应用到海洋生物食性分析的研究中,国内相关文章较少。本文介绍了DNA条形码的由来、发展以及相关原理和基本实验步骤,并阐述了其优点以及局限性,分析了其在肉食性鱼类胃含物不可辨认种类鉴定中的应用价值,并展望其在未来分类学发展中的应用前景。 相似文献
11.
Roussel EG Bonavita MA Querellou J Cragg BA Webster G Prieur D Parkes RJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5879):1046
Sub-sea-floor sediments may contain two-thirds of Earth's total prokaryotic biomass. However, this has its basis in data extrapolation from ~500-meter to 4-kilometer depths, whereas the deepest documented prokaryotes are from only 842 meters. Here, we provide evidence for low concentrations of living prokaryotic cells in the deepest (1626 meters below the sea floor), oldest (111 million years old), and potentially hottest (~100 degrees C) marine sediments investigated. These Newfoundland margin sediments also have DNA sequences related to thermophilic and/or hyperthermophilic Archaea. These form two unique clusters within Pyrococcus and Thermococcus genera, suggesting unknown, uncultured groups are present in deep, hot, marine sediments (~54 degrees to 100 degrees C). Sequences of anaerobic methane-oxidizing Archaea were also present, suggesting a deep biosphere partly supported by methane. These findings demonstrate that the sub-sea-floor biosphere extends to at least 1600 meters below the sea floor and probably deeper, given an upper temperature limit for prokaryotic life of at least 113 degrees C and increasing thermogenic energy supply with depth. 相似文献
12.
Solan M Cardinale BJ Downing AL Engelhardt KA Ruesink JL Srivastava DS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5699):1177-1180
Rapid changes in biodiversity are occurring globally, yet the ecological impacts of diversity loss are poorly understood. Here we use data from marine invertebrate communities to parameterize models that predict how extinctions will affect sediment bioturbation, a process vital to the persistence of aquatic communities. We show that species extinction is generally expected to reduce bioturbation, but the magnitude of reduction depends on how the functional traits of individual species covary with their risk of extinction. As a result, the particular cause of extinction and the order in which species are lost ultimately govern the ecosystem-level consequences of biodiversity loss. 相似文献
13.
三个鸡品系遗传关系的RAPD分析* 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了从分子水平上阐明快羽系、绿壳蛋系和合成系3个鸡品系之间的遗传差异及其遗传关系,为进一步开展这3个鸡品系的杂交配套利用提供依据,本文采用RAPD标记对3个品系的血样进行了群体遗传关系分析。实验共筛选出27条随机引物,对3个鸡品系的池DNA进行了RAPD分析。27条引物共产生235种扩增片段,扩增产物片段的长度大小在277~2441bp范围内。利用电泳分析数据分别计算了3个品系群体之间的遗传相似系数和遗传距离指数。结果表明:快羽系与绿壳蛋系间的遗传关系最近;而快羽系与合成系间的遗传关系最远。 相似文献
14.
我国海洋捕捞产值修正与渔获平均价格变化趋势分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
海洋捕捞产量与产值数据是反映我国海洋捕捞渔业发展状况的客观依据,对于分析产业现状、制定相关政策措施等具有重要意义。渔业统计部门已对1997—2006年间海洋捕捞产量指标进行了修正,但同期产值数据却未作调整。通过对1997—2006年我国海洋捕捞产量统计数据调整前后变化规律进行分析,借助未调整的海洋捕捞产值数据,在提出3点基本假设的基础上,分别构建了基于产值回溯的修正原理和基于平均价格回溯的修正原理,并对1997—2006年海洋捕捞产值进行了修正。结果显示,2种不同原理对海洋捕捞产值的修正结果存在一定差异,并最终以2种不同原理修正结果的平均值作为结论;从修正后结果看,海洋捕捞产值年均增长率达到13.59%。还分析了1997—2011年海洋捕捞产品平均价格增长趋势特征。1997—2006年海洋捕捞产值修正结论将为有关政府部门、研究者进行海洋捕捞渔业产值经济分析提供一定的数据支撑。 相似文献
15.
van Oijen AM Blainey PC Crampton DJ Richardson CC Ellenberger T Xie XS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5637):1235-1238
We used a multiplexed approach based on flow-stretched DNA to monitor the enzymatic digestion of lambda-phage DNA by individual bacteriophage lambda exonuclease molecules. Statistical analyses of multiple single-molecule trajectories observed simultaneously reveal that the catalytic rate is dependent on the local base content of the substrate DNA. By relating single-molecule kinetics to the free energies of hydrogen bonding and base stacking, we establish that the melting of a base from the DNA is the rate-limiting step in the catalytic cycle. The catalytic rate also exhibits large fluctuations independent of the sequence, which we attribute to conformational changes of the enzyme-DNA complex. 相似文献
16.
The sequence of the human genome 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Venter JC Adams MD Myers EW Li PW Mural RJ Sutton GG Smith HO Yandell M Evans CA Holt RA Gocayne JD Amanatides P Ballew RM Huson DH Wortman JR Zhang Q Kodira CD Zheng XH Chen L Skupski M Subramanian G Thomas PD Zhang J Gabor Miklos GL Nelson C Broder S Clark AG Nadeau J McKusick VA Zinder N Levine AJ Roberts RJ Simon M Slayman C Hunkapiller M Bolanos R Delcher A Dew I Fasulo D Flanigan M Florea L Halpern A Hannenhalli S Kravitz S Levy S Mobarry C Reinert K Remington K Abu-Threideh J Beasley E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5507):1304-1351
17.
Human diabetes associated with a mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
M Odawara T Kadowaki R Yamamoto Y Shibasaki K Tobe D Accili C Bevins Y Mikami N Matsuura Y Akanuma 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,245(4913):66-68
Insulin receptor complementary DNA has been cloned from an insulin-resistant individual whose receptors have impaired tyrosine protein kinase activity. One of this individual's alleles has a mutation in which valine is substituted for Gly996, the third glycine in the conserved Gly-X-Gly-X-X-Gly motif in the putative binding site fo adenosine triphosphate. Expression of the mutant receptor by transfection into Chinese hamster ovary cells confirmed that the mutation impairs tyrosine kinase activity. 相似文献
18.
Detection of bcr-abl fusion in chronic myelogeneous leukemia by in situ hybridization 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
D C Tkachuk C A Westbrook M Andreeff T A Donlon M L Cleary K Suryanarayan M Homge A Redner J Gray D Pinkel 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4980):559-562
Chronic myelogeneous leukemia (CML) is genetically characterized by fusion of the bcr and abl genes on chromosomes 22 and 9, respectively. In most cases, the fusion involves a reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11), which produces the cytogenetically distinctive Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1). Fusion can be detected by Southern (DNA) analysis or by in vitro amplification of the messenger RNA from the fusion gene with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These techniques are sensitive but cannot be applied to single cells. Two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used with probes from portions of the bcr and abl genes to detect the bcr-abl fusion in individual blood and bone marrow cells from six patients. The fusion event was detected in all samples analyzed, of which three were cytogenetically Ph1-negative. One of the Ph1-negative samples was also PCR-negative. This approach is fast and sensitive, and provides potential for determining the frequency of the abnormality in different cell lineages. 相似文献
19.
Cells from Werner syndrome patients are characterized by slow growth rates, premature senescence, accelerated telomere shortening rates, and genome instability. The syndrome is caused by the loss of the RecQ helicase WRN, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. Here we report that cells lacking WRN exhibit deletion of telomeres from single sister chromatids. Only telomeres replicated by lagging strand synthesis were affected, and prevention of loss of individual telomeres was dependent on the helicase activity of WRN. Telomere loss could be counteracted by telomerase activity. We propose that WRN is necessary for efficient replication of G-rich telomeric DNA, preventing telomere dysfunction and consequent genomic instability. 相似文献
20.
Isolation of nuclei from a marine dinoflagellate 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
By means of a medium containing dextran, nuclei were isolated in high yield from cells of Gymnodinium nelsoni, a marine dinoflagellate. Most of the DNA, but less than onetenth of the RNA, of the original cells was recovered in the purified nuclei. The nuclei appeared substantially intact as observed by light or electron microscopy. The isolated nuclei were capable of incorporating tritiated uridine triphosphate into material insoluble in cold acid. The general procedure was found to be applicable also to two species of diatoms. 相似文献