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【目的】 为推进中国食品安全监控体系建设及完善相关的法规标准提供参考,保障食品安全的同时提升中国禽肉、禽蛋产品在国际市场的竞争力,打破国际技术性贸易壁垒,促进国际禽产品贸易繁荣发展。【方法】 首先对比分析中国新发布的食品安全国家标准GB 31650－2019《食品安全国家标准食品中兽药最大残留限量》及已废除的农业部公告第235号《动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量》中有关禽肉、禽蛋的兽药残留种类和兽药最大残留限量（MRLs）标准;然后对中国新国家标准与欧盟和美国在禽肉、禽蛋的兽药残留种类区别和MRLs标准的严宽程度等几项内容进行了对比分析。【结果】 中国新国家标准对旧标准进行了一定程度上的补充与修改,大部分有关禽肉、禽蛋的MRLs标准与欧盟和美国的标准相同甚至更加严格,这标志着中国兽药残留标准体系进入了新阶段,但部分兽药的MRLs标准仍与欧盟和美国的标准存在一定差异,其中共有包括双氯西林在内的33种兽药的MRLs标准缺失或宽于欧盟和美国。【结论】 未来中国仍需结合禽肉、禽蛋的生产情况、兽药实际使用情况及人民消费升级的需求,进一步完善禽肉、禽蛋产品中兽药残留限量的相关标准,使其向国际标准靠拢,提高中国禽肉、禽蛋产品在国际市场上的竞争力,并对进出口产品中兽药的残留情况进行严格监控,防止其影响消费者的健康安全和禽肉、禽蛋的国际贸易发展。 相似文献
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兽药残留是食品安全的重要影响因素,开发兽药残留检测方法是保证食品安全的重要手段。免疫层析试纸是一种操作简单、生产成本低且具有良好灵敏度的检测方法,适用于现场检测、大规模食品筛选,在兽药残留检测中具有巨大的应用价值。纳米材料可提供特殊的检测信号,是影响免疫层析试纸检测灵敏度和定量分析的关键因素。文章主要对胶体金、磁性纳米材料、量子点以及时间分辨荧光微球这几种纳米标记材料进行介绍,指出各自的优缺点及应用情况,并对该技术在兽药残留检测中的应用趋势进行展望。 相似文献
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Reeves PT 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2007,30(1):1-17
Residues of veterinary drugs have potential implications for human food safety and international trade in animal-derived food commodities. A particular concern is the slow depletion of residues of some injectable formulations from the site of administration. Licensing authorities have adopted different approaches to the human food safety assessment of injection site residues. European agencies apply the maximum residue limit (MRL) for muscle to muscle at the injection site and specify a withdrawal period sufficient to ensure the ingestion of a 300 g portion of muscle, if comprised entirely of injection site tissue, does not exceed the acceptable daily intake. The agencies in Australia, Canada and the USA also exclude injection site residues from the MRL-setting process. These agencies evaluate the risk to consumers posed by potential acute manifestations resulting from the infrequent ingestion of injection site residues based on acute dietary exposure considerations. While all of these approaches protect the safety of consumers, the adoption of different approaches has potential implications for residue surveillance programs in the international trade in meat. In particular, when an exporting country establishes standards for residues at injection sites based on acute dietary exposure considerations and the importing country assesses these residues against the MRL for muscle, the unnecessary condemnation of meat and disruption to market access may result. The latter may represent a potential economical impost to the exporting country. An internationally harmonized approach to the risk analysis of residues of veterinary drugs at injection sites, which protects the safety of consumers and facilitates the international trade in meat, is needed. 相似文献
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WOODWARD 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1998,21(1):47-53
The safety evaluation of veterinary drugs intended for use in food producing animals relies heavily on the results of toxicity studies in laboratory animals, supported where possible by any data resulting from human exposure. The general approach involves the calculation of an acceptable daily intake which in turn can be used to elaborate maximum residue limits. It is an approach used in the European Union, in other countries and at the international level. In recent years, concern has been expressed over the presence of microbiologically active residues of veterinary drugs in food and their possible effects on the human gastrointestinal microflora. Methodologies for conducting microbiological safety studies have been investigated and approaches to microbiological safety assessments have been debated. The whole approach has proved to be controversial, partly because there are considerable doubts over the ability of low concentrations of antibiotic substances to produce adverse effects on the human gut flora and partly because there are no validated methods for testing for these attributes. This paper reviews the problems in some detail and discusses the regulatory consequences. 相似文献
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中兽药（Tradition Chinese Veterinary Medicine）是指以天然植物、动物和矿物为原料,炮制加工而成的饮片及其制剂,并在中兽医药学理论指导下用于动物疾病防治与提高生产性能的药物。当前,我国动物疾病面临的防治形势十分严峻：旧病复发、新病又不断发生;混合感染和继发感染疾病增多,且多出现隐性临诊表现;免疫抑制性病原感染普遍。因此在西药的薄弱领域可充分发挥中兽药的优势,特别是针对畜禽疾病中占重要部分的病毒性传染病,中兽药具有多方位调节和治疗作用,可提高动物机体的免疫力和抗应激能力。同时,国家对食品安全、公共卫生安全和健康养殖理念也日趋重视。由于中兽药具有独特的天然属性、用药原则、较高的安全性和有效性,使其拥有前所未有的发展机遇。本文就中兽药在畜禽病毒性传染病中的特点和应用现状以及发展前景作一综述。 相似文献
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鸡蛋药物残留研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
国内外鸡蛋药物残留主要包括合成抗菌药物（磺胺类药物、喹诺酮类药物和硝基咪唑类药物）、抗生素类药物（四环素类、大环内酯类、氯霉素类及其他抗生素类药物）、抗球虫药物（聚醚类药物）及农药等。这些药物都是常见的家禽用药,由于其效果好、价格低廉、抗菌谱广等被广泛应用。但药物残留直接危害人体健康,且细菌对该类药物较易产生耐药性,耐药菌株可通过食物链向人类传递,此外鸡蛋药物的残留也可导致人体内敏感细菌产生耐药性,该现象已引起了全世界的关注。目前对动物性食品药物残留进行监测是确保食品安全和人类健康的最后一道防线。因此鸡蛋常见药物残留的监测技术的研究,可确保鸡蛋食用安全性,提高鸡蛋的质量,保障人体健康,增强国际贸易竞争力。 相似文献
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动物性食品中兽药残留的原因、危害及控制对策 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
兽药残留主要是使用伪劣兽药和违规用药引起的,动物性食品兽药残留对人体安全有很大威胁,并影响我国畜牧业的发展和走向国际市场。因此,必须采取有效措施减少和控制兽药残留的发生,如合理使用兽药、开发研究高效低残留兽药等。本文主要概述兽药残留的原因、危害及控制措施最新进展。 相似文献
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Approaches in the safety evaluations of veterinary antimicrobial agents in food to determine the effects on the human intestinal microflora 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The administration of antimicrobial agents to livestock creates potential for antibiotic residues to enter the food supply and be consumed by humans. Therefore, as a process of food animal drug registration, national regulatory agencies and international committees evaluate data regarding the chemical, microbiologic, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, pharmacologic, toxicologic, and antimicrobial properties of veterinary drugs to assess the safety of ingested antimicrobial residues to consumers. Currently, European, Australian and United States guidelines for veterinary drug registration require a safety assessment of microbiologic hazards from consumption of antimicrobial residues taking into account the potentially adverse effects on human intestinal microflora. The main concerns addressed are selection of resistant bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and disruption of the colonization barrier of the resident intestinal microflora. Current requirements differ among national agencies. Efforts are ongoing internationally to review and harmonize approaches and test methods and protocols for application to these microbiologic safety evaluations of antimicrobial drug residues in food. This review describes the background to current regulatory approaches used in applying in vitro and in vivo methods to set a microbiologic acceptable daily intake for residues in food derived from animals treated with an antimicrobial agent. This paper also examines the current research needs to support these evaluations. 相似文献
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为便于中国兽药残留标准的改进和相关法规体系的建立提供参考,同时为中国畜产品贸易提供数据参考,保障人们的饮食安全,促进中国畜产品经济的更好发展,本研究首先对中国新国标GB 31650-2019《食品安全国家标准食品中兽药最大残留限量》中规定的猪组织中兽药残留种类和兽药最大残留限量（MRLs）标准进行了简单分析;然后对美国、欧盟、日本和食品法典委员会（CAC）规定的猪组织中兽药残留种类和兽药MRLs标准与中国新国标进行对比,通过对规定兽药总数、中国没有规定而其他标准有规定的兽药种类、其他标准严于中国标准的兽药种类等几项内容的比较,找出差异。结果显示,中国新国标做出了更加详细的补充和修改;从整体上来看,中国规定的猪组织中兽药MRLs标准越来越完善,大部分标准与欧盟、美国、日本和CAC规定标准的差距也越来越小,然而在部分种类兽药MRLs标准的规定方面和这些国家或组织仍有一定的差距。中国需加强与各个发达国家和组织的交流与合作,推进中国的兽药残留标准的发展,加快对动物产品质量安全标准的更新。 相似文献
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赵雪 《畜牧兽医科学(电子版)》2021,(5):161-162
畜禽养殖产业的快速发展也导致养殖中的疾病问题开始逐渐凸显,防治畜禽养殖中疾病兽药的使用量也不断提高,兽药的不规范使用易导致残留的情况,对于畜产品中兽药的残留问题受到广泛的关注。畜产品中兽药的残留会影响畜产品的质量,对消费者的机体健康带来负面影响,同时部分兽药的残留会导致生态环境的污染,进而影响人类健康。该文对畜禽养殖中畜产品兽药残留出现的原因,造成的危害及改进和防控措施进行论述。 相似文献
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通过深入研究兽用中药特点及近年来新兽药审批情况，提出兽用中药药学评价“以临床价值为导向”的理念，遵循中兽医药理论指导，探索制定兽用中药药学相关研究指导原则，准确把握兽用中药处方工艺和质量可控等药学研究/评价方法和要点，开展全过程质量控制和兽用中药整体质量评价。 相似文献
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Many reports have highlighted the need for the veterinary profession to fill critical shortages of veterinarians in public health and food safety. Michigan State University's College of Veterinary Medicine offers educational programs within the professional veterinary curriculum, as well as graduate degree programs, to meet these societal needs. Within the scope of the professional veterinary curriculum, educational opportunities in public health include clerkships in veterinary public health and an innovative Web-based curriculum on judicious use of antimicrobials. For graduate degree programs, Michigan State University has a memorandum of understanding with the University of Minnesota for the Master of Public Health degree and an innovative Online Professional Master of Science in Food Safety degree program. A new option available is the opportunity for veterinary students to pursue the Master of Science in Food Safety concurrently with the DVM (DVM/MS in Food Safety). These educational programs will prepare graduates to meet societal needs in public health and food safety. 相似文献
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M. Martinez J. Blondeau C. E. Cerniglia J. Fink‐Gremmels S. Guenther R. P. Hunter X.‐Z. Li M. Papich P. Silley S. Soback P.‐L. Toutain Q. Zhang 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2014,37(1):e1-e16
Antimicrobial resistance is a global challenge that impacts both human and veterinary health care. The resilience of microbes is reflected in their ability to adapt and survive in spite of our best efforts to constrain their infectious capabilities. As science advances, many of the mechanisms for microbial survival and resistance element transfer have been identified. During the 2012 meeting of Antimicrobial Agents in Veterinary Medicine (AAVM), experts provided insights on such issues as use vs. resistance, the available tools for supporting appropriate drug use, the importance of meeting the therapeutic needs within the domestic animal health care, and the requirements associated with food safety and food security. This report aims to provide a summary of the presentations and discussions occurring during the 2012 AAVM with the goal of stimulating future discussions and enhancing the opportunity to establish creative and sustainable solutions that will guarantee the availability of an effective therapeutic arsenal for veterinary species. 相似文献
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从现实需求的角度出发,建议国家根据《兽药管理条例》和《兽药经营质量管理规范》,在全国范围内尽快组织开展兽药GSP认证工作,从而提高经营环节的兽药质量,保证动物疫病防治和动物性产品安全,保护广大养殖农民及养殖户的根本利益,维护人民群众的合法权益和身体健康。 相似文献
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The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Council on Education (COE) has challenged veterinary schools to improve self-assessment of curricular outcomes. One way to assess the quality of education is to gather feedback from alumni. To successfully gather feedback using a questionnaire, questions must be pertinent to veterinary education and include quantifiable responses. Several principles must be applied in questionnaire development to ensure that the questions address the intended issues, that questions are interpreted correctly and consistently, and that responses are quantifiable. The objectives of the questionnaire for alumni of Mississippi State University's College of Veterinary Medicine (MSU-CVM) were twofold: (1) to determine whether graduates were comparable to their US peers in terms of work opportunities and salary, and (2) to evaluate how well the CVM curriculum prepared students to begin their veterinary careers. Demographic categories used by the AVMA and published knowledge, skills, attitudes, and aptitudes of veterinary graduates were used in developing the questions. College-specific questions, such as those relating to student activities and impressions of college resources, were also incorporated. Questionnaires were mailed to participants, who could respond via the World Wide Web. Questionnaire results allowed leaders within the college to determine which aspects of alumni's experiences were exceptionally positive, which needed immediate response, and which might require further study. This article describes the application of principles in developing, administering, and analyzing responses to a questionnaire regarding veterinary education. 相似文献
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王小江 《畜牧兽医科学(电子版)》2021,(4):136-137
在畜禽饲养管理过程中使用违禁药物或滥用药物,使用饲料添加剂或超量用药,不遵守休药期规定等均可引起畜产品兽药残留。同时饲养环境遭到污染也能致使药物残留,并且我国关于食品安全的法律法规不健全、监管力度不够等,致使畜产品中药物残留问题更加严重。人体摄入存在药物残留的食品后,不仅会引起急性、慢性或蓄积性中毒,还会致使机体细菌产生耐药性,甚至污染整个生活环境等。 相似文献