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1.
研究临床使用常规剂量及养殖环节加大盐酸土霉素可溶性粉剂量后其在鸡蛋中的残留消除规律。对产蛋期蛋鸡分别给予500 mg/L和667 mg/L 50%盐酸土霉素可溶性粉,集中饮水给药,每日1次,连续5 d。分别采集停药后1～12 d的鸡蛋样品,采用UPLC-MS/MS测定鸡蛋中土霉素的残留量。按上述方法给药后,低、高剂量组分别在停药第1天和停药第2天达到土霉素残留量最高。低、高剂量组的最高残留量分别为142. 72、82. 84μg/kg,均低于国家规定的最高残留限量(200μg/kg),不会造成土霉素残留超标。本试验通过研究土霉素可溶性粉在鸡蛋中的残留情况,确定弃蛋期前后土霉素残留量,以期为蛋鸡产蛋期安全用药,保障食品安全提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
研究甲砜霉素在鸡蛋蛋清、蛋黄及全蛋中的残留消除规律.鸡蛋经碱性乙酸乙酯提取,饱和正己烷脱脂,氮吹仪吹干浓缩后用流动相溶解,高效液相色谱荧光检测器检测.测定鸡蛋蛋清、蛋黄及全蛋样品中甲砜霉素的最低检测限均为1.5 μg·kg-1(S/N=3)、最低定量限均为5 μg·kg-1(S/N=10).产蛋鸡分别按10.0、20.0和50.0 mg·kg-1·d-1给药剂量,每天1次,连续5 d内服给药后,蛋清、蛋黄及全蛋中甲砜霉素残留量呈上升趋势.休药第1天,蛋清、蛋黄及全蛋中甲砜霉素残留量均达到峰值.休药前期蛋清、蛋黄及全蛋中甲砜霉素残留消除较快,后期消除缓慢.休药6 d时,全蛋中甲砜霉素残留量均低于50μg·kg-1,蛋清中甲砜霉素残留量低于最低检测限(1.5,μg·kg-1);休药8 d时,蛋黄和全蛋中甲砜霉素残留量均低于最低检测限(1.5 ug·kg-1);甲砜霉素在蛋清、蛋黄及全蛋中的残留量与给药剂量呈正相关. 相似文献
3.
液相色谱-串联质谱法研究地克珠利在家兔组织中残留及消除规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]建立一种检测家兔组织中地克珠利含量的液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC—MS／MS）,研究地克珠利在家兔组织中的残留及消除规律。[方法]选择48只家兔（雌雄各半）,在饲料中加入10g／1000kg地克珠利混饲,连续饲喂30d。分别于休药后的第0、1、2、3、4、5、6天,每个时间点随机处死6只家兔（雌雄各半）,取肌肉、肝脏、肾脏组织,DMF,乙腈沉淀法提取并用LC—MS,MS法检测地克珠利残留量。[结果]地克珠利在肾脏中的残留量最高（休药0d为912．6μg／kg）,肝脏次之（休药0d为156．μg／kg）,肌肉最低（休药0d为43．1μg／kg）,在肾脏中的消除速度最快。[结论]该方法适于检测家免组织中的地克珠利含量。休药0d即可满足欧盟要求 相似文献
4.
《中国家禽》2021,(7)
为探讨酵母硒对蛋鸡组织和鸡蛋中氟苯尼考残留的影响,将180只132日龄京红1号蛋鸡随机分成两组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+250 mg/kg酵母硒,连续5 d氟苯尼考以1 g/kg剂量拌料给药。收集给药第2天至停药后第14天的鸡蛋,采集停药后7 d的蛋鸡心脏、脾脏、卵巢等组织,测定氟苯尼考残留量。结果显示:与对照组相比,添加酵母硒降低了鸡蛋中氟苯尼考的最高残留量,并使鸡蛋中的氟苯尼考残留时间稍有延长;组织分布表现为卵巢中氟苯尼考含量极显著降低(P0.01),肺脏和脾脏药物含量极显著升高(P0.01)。综上,开产前期蛋鸡饲喂酵母硒在一定程度上延长氟苯尼考在鸡蛋中的残留时间,也会改变氟苯尼考在不同脏器中的含量分布。 相似文献
5.
三种喹诺酮类药物在鸡蛋中残留消除规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了一种检测三种喹诺酮类药物在鸡蛋中残留的高效液相色谱-荧光检测法。利用建立的方法对三种喹诺酮类药物在产蛋期蛋鸡用药后鸡蛋中的浓度进行了测定,并根据测定值研究了鸡蛋中药物的残留消除规律。400kg水中分别添加不同含量的诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星．连续给药3d,使用高效液相色谱法对鸡蛋中三种喹诺酮类药物残留进行分析。结果表明,停药8d时,鸡蛋中检出的诺氟沙星和氧氟沙星的浓度均低于10μg/kg;停药12d时,鸡蛋中检出的恩诺沙星的浓度低于10μg／蚝。建议诺氟沙星和氧氟沙星在临床上蛋鸡产蛋前10d左右停用,恩诺沙星在临床上蛋鸡产蛋前14d左右停用。 相似文献
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鸡蛋中氯霉素残留的检测方法及其消除规律 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
选用处于产蛋高峰期的健康海兰蛋鸡20只,单笼饲养,多剂量内服氯霉素(每千克体质量100 mg,连喂12 d),停药后逐只逐日收集鸡蛋,将蛋白、蛋黄分别匀浆,用乙腈、乙酸乙酯、正己烷萃取及净化后,HPLC检测氯霉素浓度.色谱柱为Waters Nova-Pak C18(3.9 mm×150 mm)柱,检测波长为280 nm,流动相为乙腈/水(20/80),流速为1 mL/min,进样量为50 μL.在上述条件下,氯霉素的色谱峰保留时间约为8.0 min,最低检测限为0.002 μg/g,标准曲线的线性范围为0.002～20 μg/g.氯霉素含量为0.5 μg/g时,在蛋白中的批内、批间变异系数分别为3.52%、3.43%;在蛋黄中的批内、批间变异系数分别为3.83%、3.37%.将氯霉素以0.5 μg/g分别添加到空白蛋白和蛋黄中,测得蛋白、蛋黄中氯霉素的回收率分别为94.89%、83.15%.结果表明,本法是一种简便、灵敏、可靠的检测鸡蛋中氯霉素残留的分析方法.停药当天,蛋白、蛋黄中的氯霉素分别为3.61、14.51 μg/g;停药第5天,分别为0.05、7.17 μg/g;停药第8天,蛋白中已检测不到氯霉素,蛋黄中氯霉素为0.80 μg/g;停药第11天,蛋黄中尚有0.04 μg/g的氯霉素,而停药第12天,蛋黄中已检测不到氯霉素.采用MCPKP药动学参数计算程序处理药时数据,算出蛋白、蛋黄中的消除半衰期分别为0.75、1.64 d.结果表明,氯霉素多分布于蛋黄,在蛋黄中的残留水平高,且在蛋黄中的消除较蛋白缓慢. 相似文献
9.
氯苯胍在鸡组织中的残留消除规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用超高效液相色谱一串联质谱法（UPLC-MS／MS）研究了氯苯胍在鸡组织中的残留消除规律。白来杭鸡以含氯苯胍500mg／kg饲料饲喂7d,停药后的第0、1、3、5、7天取其肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、皮和脂肪五种组织,采用UPLC-MS／MS法测定其残留状况。结果表明,氯苯胍在肌肉中残留量较小,代谢消除比较快,2d后未检出;而在脂肪、皮和肝脏中残留量较大,代谢消除较慢。 相似文献
10.
在常规养殖环境中,对不同日龄肉鸡分别给予250 mg/L和333 mg/L 50%盐酸土霉素可溶性粉,集中饮水给药,每日1次,连续5 d。停药后4 h,1 d,3 d,5 d,6 d,7 d,8 d,9 d,10 d宰杀肉鸡,采集可食性组织(肌肉、肝脏和鸡胗)样品,肌肉、肝脏和鸡胗组织中的残留量采用UPLC-MS/MS测定。结果表明:土霉素主要残留在肝脏组织中;肌肉、肝脏和鸡胗组织的消除速率相似;停药5 d后,两个剂量组的肌肉、肝脏中土霉素残留量均低于最高残留限量(MRL)。休药期计算软件WTl.4结果显示,上述两种方法给药后,建议休药期分别为7、8 d。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
16.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
17.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献