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米糠是稻谷加工的主要副产品,由稻谷的果皮、种皮、外胚层、糊粉层、胚及少量胚乳组成。我国年产稻谷1.7亿吨左右,稻谷的出糠率在6%～7%之间,因此,我国的米糠饲料资源在1100万吨以上。米糠脂肪含量高(16%～18%),且多为不饱和脂肪酸,是动物必需脂肪酸的良好来源。粗蛋白质含量多在13%～15%之间,据此计算,我国每年可提供米糠蛋白质150万吨,而且一般认为其蛋白质的品质优于谷物饲料。饲料蛋白质的营养价值通常用其氨基酸的生物学效价来表示。但是,目前国内尚未见有关米糠的猪回肠末端氨基酸消化率的报道。本次试验用全收粪法测定米糠的常规营养… 相似文献
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米糠(rice bran)约占稻谷总重的10％,是畜禽常用的饲料之一。全世界目前米糠年总产量约为0.4～0.45亿吨。 本文所指的米糠是稻谷碾成大米时全部副产品的总称,包括米皮和细米糠(polish- 相似文献
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稻谷是我国最主要的粮食作物之一.据国家粮油信息中心预计,2012年我国稻谷产量在2亿500万t左右,是第一大粮食品种.成熟稻谷经砻谷、碾米及抛光等加工过程产生大量的加工后副产物,包括砻谷壳（稻壳）、统糠、细米糠（油糠）和碎米等.图1展示了稻谷的加工过程,每百千克稻谷可出稻壳20 kg、米糠约6～9kg以及少量的细米糠、碎米.由于受品种、含杂、水分、籽粒饱满程度以及加工精度等因素的影响,其出糠率不同,统糠中的米糠难以估计,但从米糠的利用途径分析,中国每年实际用于饲料的米糠的总产量可达1 200万t.本文介绍了稻谷加工的主要副产物的营养特点及在养殖业上的应用效果. 相似文献
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米糠基础日粮添加粗酶制剂对蛋公雏生产性能的影响王清吉刘永举锁守丽韩正康米糠是稻谷加工后的副产品，全世界目前年产米糠０４亿～０４５亿吨，中国每年大约为０１７亿吨。米糠富含粗蛋白、粗脂肪及维生素Ｂ族，与其它谷物相比，氨基酸组成合理。然而，米糠含较多... 相似文献
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米糠是一种营养丰富的糙米加工副产品,在盛产稻谷的国家,它货源丰富而且价格便宜。但长期以来,即使玉米原料成本很高,米糠也很少被利用。不过,现在采用相对经济的加工方法,米糠已被较好地开发利用,尤其在家禽日粮中。每年全球米糠产量大约占糙米重量的10%~12%,相当于4~5千万t。在很多国家,尤其在亚洲,稻谷生产约占全世界的90%,米糠已作为稻谷加工厂的副产品被广泛地利用和买卖。米糠是一种纤细、蓬松、粉末状的原料,含有种仁,还有米皮微粒、种皮、糊粉胚芽和细淀粉胚乳。含有11%~17%的粗蛋白、11%~18%的脂肪、9%的灰分、45%~65%的无氮浸出物… 相似文献
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赵璐璐 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2012,(3):70
米糠是稻谷加工大米后的副产品即稻谷加工成大米分离出来的种皮、糊粉层和胚的三种物质的混合物。米糠的营养价值受稻米精制加工程度的影响,精制程度越高,则米糠中混入的胚乳就越多,其营养价值也就越高。1米糠的营养成分米糠含粗灰分11.9%;粗纤维13.70%,是能量饲料中含 相似文献
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大米加工厂中的副产品米糠(又称清糠),是用来饲养牲畜的好饲料。但是,往往由于受着温湿度的变化以及贮藏期的影响,容易发生酸败霉变致使营养品质下降,造成损失。尤其南方遇上雨水多的霉雨季节更为突出。为弄清其变质原因,使这一良好的饲源充分利用。带着这个问题,我们进行了物理化学干燥法小区试验以及米糠的再加工处理。现将这部分资料汇集整理介绍如下,仅供同志们参考。一、米糠的生产与成分含量米糠是稻谷碾成米的副产品,稻谷去谷壳(俗称砻糠或大糠)后即为糙米.糙米由米糠层、胚及胚乳等三部分构成.各部分所占重量分别为7.5%、2.5%、90%.米糠层由果皮、种皮、外胚乳及糊粉层几部分构成. 相似文献
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准确测定饲料氨基酸消化率(AAD)已成为动物营养学评定饲料氨基酸生物效价的主要研究课题之一.sibbald建立的强饲法,用于测定饲料AAD的方法,由于未考虑鸡盲肠微生物对饲料氨基酸消化率的影响,可能导致低估饲料AAD.鸡盲肠是消化道微生物主要活动场所,对氨基酸有降解作用.用切除盲肠的鸡,进行氨基酸利用率的研究,更能真实反映饲料蛋氨酸(Met)的利用率.本研究的目的,是通过测定去盲肠与不去盲肠的两组试验鸡内源Met排泄量和Met排泄量及所测饲料中Met表观消化率和真消化率的差异,来探讨盲肠微生物主要是对内源Met还是外源Met起降解作用,为合理配制泰和鸡日粮提供依据. 相似文献
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The ascertainment of the digestibility of crude nutrients in rations for horses requires the inclusion of movement-based performance as influencing factor. Under the consideration of this requirement, indicator methods gain significance in comparison with the standard method of collecting faeces completely. In two experiments the digestion of the crude nutrients in rations for horses was tested according to the standard method (complete collection of faeces) and the indicator method 4 N HCl-insoluble ash). According to the indicator method the digestibility of crude nutrients was slightly higher, the differences to the values of the standard method were statistically insignificant. Under consideration of the inhomogeneity of horse faeces and the possibility of doing without the complete collection of faeces, the indicator method with 4 N HCl-insoluble ash is to be preferred to the standard method. The analysis of air-dried faeces connected with the indicator method resulted in improved reproducibility due to the significantly better homogeneity. A recommendation is made for carrying out digestibility experiments with horses, in which the 4 N HCl indicator method is used. 相似文献
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Animal selectivity and digestibility differences among switchgrass strains selected for different in vitro dry matter digestibilities (IVDMD) were measured in a grazing trial with esophageally fistulated steers and a sheep digestion trial. Extrusa selected by esophageally fistulated steers grazing high-IVDMD (Trailblazer), Pathfinder and low-IVDMD strains of switchgrass were compared, as were top and whole plant hand-clipped samples from each strain. Trailblazer extrusa had higher (P less than .1) in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) and lower (P less than .1) NDF and ADF than Pathfinder extrusa. Extrusa from all three strains appeared to be of higher quality than top or whole plant hand-clipped samples. In vitro organic matter disappearance tended to be highest for Trailblazer top hand-clipped samples. Composition of hand-clipped samples among strains was not significantly different. Mature crossbred wethers were used to compare Trailblazer and Pathfinder switchgrass hay in a digestion trial. No differences (P greater than .1) were detected between strains for DMI or apparent digestibility of DM, NDF, ADF and CP. Extrusa from Trailblazer switchgrass that had been selected for whole plant IVDMD had higher IVOMD; however, there was no indication that steers selected a differentially higher IVOMD for one strain than another. 相似文献
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长期以来 ,人们一直沿用可消化粗蛋白质体系来研究反刍动物蛋白质营养。由于这一体系有无法克服的缺点 ,于 2 0世纪 70年代末产生了新蛋白质体系。新蛋白质体系不再笼统以粗蛋白质为基础 ,而是将饲料蛋白质分为降解蛋白和非降解蛋白两部分。蛋白质小肠消化率是新体系的重要参数 ,需要一种适用于各种饲料的快速且可靠的测定饲料未降解蛋白小肠消化率的方法。常见的测定方法有如下 4种 :1 体内法它是测定蛋白质消化率的经典方法 ,需要带有真胃或十二指肠和回肠瘘管的试验动物。饲料在消化道中的通过速度对蛋白质消化率有影响 ,通过分析进入真… 相似文献
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壳聚糖铁对小鼠铁表观消化率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择40只体质量18～22g的健康昆明种小白鼠,随机分为4组。1组在基础日粮中以硫酸亚铁的形式添加铁120mg/kg;2组在基础日粮中以硫酸亚铁的形式添加铁180mg/kg;3组在基础日粮中以壳聚糖铁的形式添加铁120mg/kg;4组在基础日粮中以壳聚糖铁的形式添加铁180mg/kg,采用全收粪法,研究壳聚糖铁对小鼠铁表观消化率的影响。结果显示,1和2组的铁表观消化率分别为44.40%和46.01%,3和4组的铁表观消化率分别为75.69%和76.45%。试验结果表明,壳聚糖铁的消化利用率高于硫酸亚铁。 相似文献
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瘤胃微生物、饲料特性以及动物饲喂方式等都能够影响反刍动物对纤维素的消化,日粮中纤维的降解程度和降解速度主要取决于微生物与饲料纤维发酵基质的接触程度。文中就瘤胃微生物和动物自身对纤维降解的影响进行了讨论。 相似文献
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正植物油和动物脂肪通常会被添加到家禽饲料中,以提高日粮的能量浓度。脂肪除了作为能量来源使用外,其他营养应用还包括:●提供必需脂肪酸和作为脂溶性维生素的溶剂;●提高粉状饲料的适口性和采食量;●减少粉状饲料的粉尘和原料颗粒的分离;●通过润滑增加颗粒饲料的产量并改善颗粒质量;●降低消化糜的通过率,从而增加营养的利用率。日粮脂肪的有效利用需要脂肪在胃肠道中消化和吸收。 相似文献
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Four heifers of an average live weight of 301 kg supplied with ileocaecal re-entrant cannulae received rations consisting of 4 kg hay (variants A und B), 1 kg coarse wheat meal, 0.4 kg molasses, 100 g urea and 30 g mixed minerals per animal and day. After a 14-day preliminary feeding period the ileum digesta was quantitatively collected at the re-entrant cannula over 24 h. 10% of the digesta were used for analysis, the remainder was heated to 37 degrees C and returned. Under consideration of the digesta passage through the colon the 24-hour collection of faeces was started after a 6-hour delay after the first replacement of digesta. Losses of nutrients were calculated from the values analysed from digesta and faeces. No differences could be ascertained between the two hay variants. On an average of the two rations the nutrient losses of the scaffold substances-equivalent to the digestibility in the colon-showed the following values: crude fibre = 10.6%, NDF = 10.4%, ADF = 11.9% and hemicellulose = 7.4%. The losses of the other nutrients, corresponding to their apparent digestibility, had the following values: crude protein = 12.1%, crude fat = 10.7%, N-free extracts = 18.9%, ash = 31.2%, dry matter = 17.5%. The water balance showed that 8.2 l water of the 23.4 l supplied with the ileum digesta were excreted in faeces. 相似文献