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AFLP是一种新的分子遗传标记技术，它结合了RFLP和PCR技术的优点，具有RFLP的稳定性和PCR的高效性，被称为“最有威力的分子遗传标记”或“下一代分子标记”。相对于国外而言，我国在这方面的研究还比较少。本文综述了扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)这种遗传标记的原理、技术特点、技术发展及其在动物遗传多样性、种质鉴定、遗传图谱构建、基因定位和标记辅助育种等研究中的应用。 相似文献
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本文介绍了RAPD技术的原理、优、缺点，对此技术在动物遗传育种中的应用包括在构建遗传连锁图谱、 基因定位、标记辅助选择、品种（系）的鉴定及其亲缘关系的分析等研究领域中的应用作一概述和展望。 相似文献
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繁殖技术的发展对奶牛遗传评定技术的影响综述北京市奶牛中心（１０００８５）唐臻钦从本世纪初到现在，家畜的遗传评定技术经由了三个不同的发展阶段，即平均数、选择指数和混合模型阶段。５０年代以前应用的各种遗传评定方法几乎都是以平均数为基础的，如等亲指数法，女... 相似文献
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主要家畜种基因组连锁图现状和展望 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对主要家畜种基因组研究中用多态遗传标记，如微卫星标记，ＲＦＬＰ等，制作遗传锁图现状进行了综述，在过去近半个世纪中，家畜基因组遗传连锁图的研究随着遗传记技术，特别是ＤＮＡ微卫星等多态标记的迅速发展，取得了很大进展。 相似文献
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对我国家禽遗传资源保存和利用的几点建议 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文在当前经济、文化背景下，对我国家禽遗传资源保存和利用的状况，进行了分析，从优化家禽保护方向，合理利用地方家禽品种资源及充分借助现代生物学技术等方面提出了对我国家禽遗传资源进行合理保存与利用的建议。 相似文献
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20世纪80年代以来，转基因动物技术一直是动物遗传育种领域的一个研究热点。它在改良动物生产性状、提高畜禽抗病力以及生产人药用蛋白等非常规畜牧产品等方面均有着广阔的应用前景。然而由于动物转基因的效率很低、难以控制转基因在宿主染色体中的行为、无法控制转基因表达的频率和水平等，转基因的稳定遗传问题也未能解决，以致难以形成转基因畜禽品种或品系，因而转基因动物技术在动物育种中的广泛应用尚需时日。随着动物基因组计划的深入进行，转基因技术将会得到不断的发展和完善，从而在未来的动物育种中大显身手。 相似文献
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RFLP技术在动物遗传育种中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
限制性片段长度多态性，是在分子生物学技术发展和完善的基础上形成的一种分子标记。笔者从RFLP技术的一般原理、特点、局限性以及RFLP技术在我国动物遗传育种中的应用现状进行综述，旨在阐明RFLP技术在动物遗传育种中具有广阔的应用前景和价值。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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