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伊犁的草地以牧草种类多、产量高、质量好、风景优美而闻明全国,伊犁又是伊犁马、新疆细毛羊、新疆褐牛等优良品种的发源地,是全国有名的畜产品生产基地之一,但因牲畜快速增加、植被破坏严重而草地退化;冷季因气候恶劣而草畜矛盾突出.为正确利用草地资源,保证畜牧业生产可持续发展,要平原和丘陵草地综合开发、牧民定居、冷季舍饲;山区草地减牧增草、综合改良、适度放牧,力争实现全年牧场草畜平衡. 相似文献
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草地载畜量研究进展：中国草畜平衡研究困境与展望 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
草畜平衡问题是中国草地畜牧业的核心问题,草畜平衡的理论依据、计算参数存在着争议和分歧。本文主要依据中国载畜量和草畜平衡研究成果,总结了中国草畜平衡研究和实践上的困境。指出以平衡理论为基础的草畜平衡,对主要由降水驱动的干旱、半干旱草地并不具有指导意义。草地生产力时空变异大,根据平均生产力和家畜平均采食量核算的草畜平衡无法做到动态平衡;“季节畜牧业”、“关键场”等理论在解决草畜时空相悖上也充满挑战。家畜单位、存栏数量、合适放牧率等主要估算参数的争议,还不能为草畜平衡实践提供切实可行的决策依据。探索草畜适应性动态管理,协调草地生产的生态、社会和经济功能,应是中国草畜平衡未来的研究重点。 相似文献
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北方草原牧区草畜平衡分析及对策——以克什克腾旗中-韩生态示范村为例 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
基于草地面积、草地生产力、家畜数量对典型草原地区村级社区的草畜平衡进行了分析,得出了克什克腾旗社区存在着草畜季节性不平衡问题.草地生产力逐年下降,家畜数量逐年上升,养畜大户超载严重等因素是造成草畜矛盾日益加深以及草地生态系统退化严重的主要原因.基于当地的草地资源和社会经济状况提出了适当削减家畜数量,施行季节性放牧的建议. 相似文献
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为准确掌握新疆草地资源与生态状况,科学评估草原生态保护建设工程、草原生态保护补助奖励机制建立落实的生态效益及草畜平衡效果,充分合理利用天然草原,对天然草原植被生长状况、草原生产力及利用状况、草原生态保护建设工程效益等方面开展高峰期草地生产力分析工作尤为重要。通过草原生态保护建设工程,昭苏县2013年天然草原综合植被盖度为94．3％,比2012年提高了11．3％,鲜草产量9034kg／hm2,比2012年提高了58．5％。其中禁牧区草地植被总盖度为90．6％,比2012年提高了5％,禁牧区鲜草产量9812kg／hm2,比2012年增加3．2％。草畜平衡区草地植被总盖度为94％,比2012年提高了15％,草畜平衡区草地鲜草产量为4691kg／hm2,比2012年提高了61．7％。 相似文献
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以野外地面调查和室内分析相结合,对2016至2020年5年间新疆尼勒克县内8个草地类草地的地上生物量、载畜量和经济效益进行分析,探讨不同草地类草地的合理载畜量和经济价值,为实现草畜平衡提供技术支撑.结果表明:尼勒克县8个草地类草地的合理载畜量差异大,温性草甸草原类、山地草甸类和低地草甸类草地的鲜草产量、合理载畜量居于前... 相似文献
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家庭牧场中的草畜平衡问题长期以来备受关注,传统意义上的草畜平衡仅仅是指牧场利用的天然草地和人工草地中生产的饲草料总量与家畜年需饲草料总量之间的平衡.由于家畜在整个年度的生长、发育、繁殖等过程中对于饲草料的能量需要存在差异,同时草地生产饲草的能量供应也随时间不断发生变化,因此使用能量供需平衡来衡量草畜之间的动态平衡更加有... 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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