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1.
为查清渭南地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌的种类及其药物敏感情况,为本地区奶牛乳房炎的防治提供理论依据,对渭南地区部分奶牛场采集39份临床型或隐性乳房炎乳样进行细菌分离鉴定,并对主要病原菌进行药敏试验。结果表明:从所测乳样中检查出细菌48株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌18株,占37.5%;大肠杆菌14株,占29.2%;无乳链球菌9株,占18.7%;乳房链球菌5株,占10.4%;停乳链球菌2株,占4.2%。主要病原菌对各药物敏感性不同,其中对头孢喹诺、头孢曲松钠、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星均高度敏感,对青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素等有较强的耐药性。  相似文献   

2.
为了了解奶牛隐性乳房炎的主要病原菌及其对抗生素的敏感程度,从而为奶牛隐性乳房炎的有效防治和合理用药提供有利的理论依据。本研究采用兰州奶牛隐性乳房炎检测试剂(ILMT)方法对神木县某奶牛场51头奶牛200份奶样进行隐性乳房炎检测,选取强阳性乳样进行细菌分离鉴定,经革兰染色,生化试验鉴定,对主要病原菌采用纸片扩散法进行药物敏感性试验。结果表明,隐性乳房炎发病率为31.37%(16/51),乳区阳性率为17.5%(35/200);引起奶牛隐性乳房炎的病原菌主要有葡萄球菌,链球菌,肠杆菌3大类,且有两种病原菌的混合感染,其中耶尔森菌属和表皮葡萄球菌为主要病原菌;对3大类病原菌都敏感的抗生素药物有环丙沙星、四环素、头孢哌酮、庆大霉素、万古霉素5种药物,目前在临床上可选用此类药物治疗奶牛的隐性乳房炎。  相似文献   

3.
研究旨在确定抚顺某规模化奶牛养殖场隐性乳房炎主要病原耐药情况。试验使用CMT检测法,对该场隐性乳房炎患病情况进行调查;采用鉴别培养基及生化反应鉴定对主要病原菌金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠杆菌进行分离,纸片法评估病原菌分离株对临床常用20种抗菌药物的耐药性。结果显示,该场奶牛隐性乳房炎患病率为4.67%,乳区阳性率为1.96%。研究得到38株金黄色葡萄球菌分离株和31株大肠杆菌分离株,2种病原菌均对磺胺类药物高度耐药,对头孢菌素类药物敏感性较高,且病原菌多药耐药现象较为严重。研究表明,该场奶牛隐性乳房炎患病率相对较低,病原菌耐药性及多药耐药情况相对较为严重。  相似文献   

4.
为了解春夏季临床型乳房炎主要病原菌感染情况及耐药情况,对兰州地区某规模化奶牛场奶牛临床型乳房炎进行病原菌分离鉴定及耐药性分析。试验通过常规的细菌分离培养方法对110份乳样进行细菌分离纯化,并用16S rDNA手段进行鉴定,对鉴定出的主要病原菌通过K-B纸片药敏试验进行耐药分析。结果表明,主要病原菌包括大肠杆菌(35.5%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(16.1%)、无乳链球菌(14.0%)、停乳链球菌(7.5%)、乳房链球菌(3.2%)。耐药检测结果表明,5种主要病原菌对青霉素G、阿莫西林表现出高度耐药,对链霉素、红霉素表现为中度耐药,对庆大霉素、四环素表现为轻度耐药,而对环丙沙星、头孢噻肟、卡那霉素和氟苯尼考表现为敏感。本试验旨在为该牛场控制和治疗乳房炎提供科学依据。  相似文献   

5.
奶牛隐性乳房炎的病原检测与小白鼠致病性研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
本研究以新疆乌鲁木齐地区的2个奶牛场隐性乳房炎患牛为试验对象,共分离鉴定出21种91株引起奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌,其中葡萄球菌28株（30.78%）,链球菌21株（23.07%）,杆菌25株（27.48%）,其他细菌17株（18.67%）。对主要病原菌通过动物试验确定致病力较强的菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、克雷伯氏菌和大肠杆菌。同时对17大类主要病原菌共30种药物的药敏试验结果表明,在奶牛隐性乳房炎中应用较多的青霉素、四环素等抗生素对常见致病菌几乎无效,而左氧氟沙星、呋喃妥因、头孢噻肟、阿米卡星则显示出较好的抑菌作用。  相似文献   

6.
为了明确引起大连地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的主要病原菌及其发病情况,对大连市不同地区的256头黑白花泌乳奶牛进行调查研究,对奶牛隐性乳房炎奶样进行病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验。结果表明,检出奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为65.63%、乳区阳性率为51.95%;病原菌以金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、链球菌(Streptococcus)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)为主,占检出细菌总数的83.33%;体外药敏试验筛选出了对主要病原菌高度敏感的药物,能有效地治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎。  相似文献   

7.
用LMT法对川渝地区134头泌乳奶牛的491个乳区进行隐性乳房炎发病情况调查,并对阳性乳样进行主要病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验。结果显示,被检奶牛患隐性乳房炎头阳性率为70.90%,乳区阳性率为35.64%,175份阳性乳样的细菌检出率为90.86%,病原菌单独感染率为10.69%,混合感染率为89.31%;共分离到金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠杆菌3种主要病原菌134株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌93株,占分离菌株的69.40%,链球菌34株,占25.37%,大肠杆菌7株,占5.23%;主要病原菌对呋喃妥因、新生霉素、头孢菌素类和喹诺酮类药物敏感性较好,对大多数抗菌药物产生不同程度的耐药性,对青霉素和链霉素则完全不敏感,耐药程度接近100%。  相似文献   

8.
湖北地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定与耐药性分析   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  
本研究旨在分离鉴定湖北地区致奶牛乳房炎的病原菌，鉴定细菌的耐药特征．为奶牛乳房炎防治提供理论依据。从湖北两个主要奶牛小区的9个不同规模的奶牛场采集牛奶样本200份，经检测．其中3份为临床乳房炎样本，49份为隐性乳房炎。两地区隐性乳房炎的检出率分别为36．4％（20／55）与20％（29／145）。两地区乳房炎牛奶的细菌种类分布也各不同。其中武汉东西湖地区停乳链球菌的分离率最高，占33.3％（8／24）．而宜昌夷陵区以金黄色葡萄球菌分离率最高，占29％（9／31），其次为无乳链球菌，占25．8％（8／31）。从乳房炎牛奶中共分离到7种细菌共55株，其中金黄色葡萄球菌11株，表皮葡萄球菌10株，无乳链球菌10株，停乳链球菌14株，乳房链球菌2株，大肠埃希氏菌4株，克雷伯氏菌4株。分别对所有分离株进行12种药物的敏感性试验，结果表明所有菌株对先锋V、氧氟沙星均高度敏感．对临床常用的青霉素、链霉素具有较高的耐药性。  相似文献   

9.
奶牛乳房炎是奶牛最常发生的疾病之一,给奶牛养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失。病原菌感染是奶牛乳房炎最主要的病因。目的：为了了解新疆部分地区9个规模化奶牛场奶牛乳房炎的发病情况和致乳房炎主要病原菌的流行现状。方法：本研究通过对新疆部分地区9个规模化奶牛场进行现场流行病学调查并结合实验室检查。对新疆部分地区9个规模化奶牛场中临床型乳房炎与隐性乳房炎牛只进行了病原菌的分离鉴定和耐药性分析,应用敏感药物进行了药敏试验。共采集奶样1236份,通过在甘露醇高盐琼脂平板、麦康凯琼脂平板、脱纤维无菌绵羊血琼脂平板上对样品连续划线培养后并结合涂片、染色、镜检中共分离出疑似葡萄球菌742株、革兰氏阴性杆菌531株、链球菌371株。初步判定金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、无乳链球菌等是引起新疆部分地区奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌。结果：最后通过特异性引物的PCR鉴定结果,最终获得371株金黄色葡萄球菌、297株大肠杆菌、112株无乳链球菌。结论：药敏结果显示这三种病原菌对头孢噻肟、环丙沙星药物高度敏感。可为新疆部分地区奶牛场防治乳房炎的临床用药提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

10.
通过LMT法、乳汁pH检验法和体细胞直接计数等方法相结合,对冀东地区3个大型奶牛场、8个奶牛养殖户选取的1 021头奶牛进行隐性乳房炎流行病学调查与病菌分离鉴定。结果表明,隐性乳房炎发病率为60.63%(619/1021),乳房炎阳性乳样品中细菌分离率达88.21%(546/619)。从543头隐性乳房炎患牛的阳性乳区乳样中分得细菌共4类14种菌82株,其中葡萄球菌36株,占43.90%;链球菌33株,占40.24%;肠杆菌类8株,占9.76%;棒状杆菌5株,占6.10%。冀东地区奶牛隐性乳房炎主要病原菌为金黄色葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌。  相似文献   

11.
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12.
The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data.  相似文献   

13.
Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed.  相似文献   

14.
Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.  相似文献   

15.
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97).  相似文献   

16.
2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。  相似文献   

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19.
Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug.  相似文献   

20.
Commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. In dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. Few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. The aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (AFs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. Therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of Aspergillus flavus species was investigated. Aspergillus was the prevalent genera (65-89%) followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus versicolor. Aspergillus flavus frequencies ranged from 58% to 86% except in sorghum meal. All samples assayed (except corn grains and ready pet food) showed Fusarium spp. contamination. Corn meal and corn meal and gluten samples had 100% Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from sorghum meal. Aspergillus flavus strains (75%) isolated from raw materials and 57% from pet food were able to produce AFs. All samples showed AFs contamination percentages over 70%; corn and sorghum meal obtained the highest AFs levels. Ready pet food did not show quantitative levels of the tested toxins. This is the first report of the aflatoxigenic capacity by A. flavus from Brazilian pet food.  相似文献   

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