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1.
Application of Trichoderma harzianum (T22) and Trichoderma atroviride (P1) as plant growth promoters, and their compatibility with copper oxychloride 
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下载免费PDF全文 Francesco Vinale Gaetano D'' Ambrosio Khalid Abadi Felice Scala Roberta Marra David Turrà Sheridan L Woo Matteo Lorito 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):425-425
Trichoderma strains are used in agriculture because they provide to the plants the following benefits: i) are rhizosphere competence and establish stable rhizosphere microbial communities; ii) control plant disease caused by pathogenic and competitive microflora, by using a variety of mechanisms; iii) improve vegetative growth, root development and yield; iv) make nutrients more available to the plant. In this work we have investigated the ability of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P… 相似文献
2.
The Trichoderma-plant interaction is mediated by avirulence proteins produced by this fungus 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ruocco M Lanzuise S Woo S L Ambrosino P Marra R Turrà D Gigante S Formisno E Scala F Kip N P J G M de Wit Lorito M 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):422-422
The molecular basis of Trichoderma -plant interaction is very complex and still not completely understood. The colonization of the root system by rhizosphere competent strains of Trichoderma results in increased development of root/aerial systems, in improved yields and in plant disease control. Other beneficial effects, such as the induction of plant systemic resistance, have also been described. To understand the mechanisms involved we are using different approaches, including the making… 相似文献
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《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2015,(3)
Bacillus subtilis(B. subtilis) and Pseudomonas fluorescens(P. fluorescens) are two of the most important plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) in agriculture. An in situ trial was conducted on greenhouse tomato(Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) to examine the effect of two bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis(CGMCC 1.3343) and Pseudomonas fluorescens(CGMCC 1.1802), on tomato growth, gray mold disease control, catabolic and genetic microbial features of indigenous rhizosphere bacteria under lownitrogen conditions. A commercial inoculant(ETS) was also tested as a comparison. Both B. subtilis and P. fluorescens promoted growth and biomass of seedlings, while only B. subtilis was effi cient in reducing gray mold incidence in greenhouse tomato. The two bacterial strains could colonization in tomato rhizosphere soil at the end of experiment(10 days after the last inoculation). Different AWCD trends and DGGE patterns were got in different bacterial treatments; however, analyses of microbial diversities showed that indigenous soil microbes did not seem to have signifi cant differences at either the catabolic or genetic level among treatments. ETS, as a commercial microbial agent, promoted plant growth and gave a higher microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil. 相似文献
4.
以番茄、胶质类芽孢杆菌PM12和巨大芽孢杆菌HT517为有效菌的液态菌剂为试材，研究了菌剂对温室番茄的促生防病效应。盆栽试验表明，与不接菌的对照相比，单独接种HT517菌株处理、单独接种PM12菌株处理、等比接种PM12菌株和HT517菌株处理，番茄根量分别提高102.2%、57.9%、144.6%，番茄地上部生物量提高30.1%、27.6%、51.2%，促进番茄提早开花8.2、6.9、10.3 d，坐果量增加1.1、0.6、1.6穗果；植株发病率降低51.0、9.0、64.5个百分点。总体来看，2种功能菌的复合效果优于单一功能菌，并且单一接种HT517菌株效果优于单一接种PM12菌株。田间试验证明，温室番茄缓苗期冲施液态菌剂75 L/hm2效果较好。同对照相比，番茄产量提高27.10%；果实Vc、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量分别提高22.36%、38.73%、12.59%和34.82%；具有显著的促生增产、改善品质的效果。 相似文献
5.
【目的】揭示3种滇牡丹根际木霉的促生功能,并探讨其对幼苗生长发育的影响,为根际木霉的资源利用及滇牡丹的品质提升提供依据。【方法】以滇牡丹根际真菌康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningii)、近渐绿木霉(T. paraviridescens)和哈茨木霉(T. harzianum)为研究对象,分别测定其产吲哚乙酸(IAA)、产铁载体能力及溶磷和解钾活性,探讨接种与未接种目标菌株对滇牡丹幼苗生长、生物量、叶绿素含量和抗性相关生理指标的影响,并采用隶属函数值法对植株品质进行综合评价。【结果】T. harzianum和T. koningii具有产IAA能力,其中T. harzianum能力较强;仅T. koningii有产铁载体能力,接种该菌后滇牡丹幼苗铁含量是其他处理的3~5倍;3种木霉均无溶磷活性,但接种T. paraviridescens的幼苗土壤和根系酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于其他处理(P<0.05,下同);仅T. harzianum有解钾活性,接菌后幼苗的土壤速效钾和植株全钾含量最高。接种T. paraviridescens幼苗的株高和叶片增量数值最高,分别为3.23 cm和3.70片,茎粗也最粗,同时叶绿素含量及叶片、根部的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、根部的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最高。接种T. koningii幼苗的叶片可溶性糖(SS)含量及接种T. harzianum幼苗的叶片可溶性蛋白(SP)含量显著高于其他处理,接种3种木霉的处理组根部SS和SP含量显著高于未接种处理。结合主成分分析和隶属函数值进行综合评分,幼苗质量由高到低依次为T. paraviridescens>T. harzianum>T. koningii>未接种。【结论】接种3种根际木霉对滇牡丹幼苗的营养吸收、光合作用及抗性诱导有积极的促进作用。其中,经T. paraviridescens处理的幼苗生长性状指标、叶绿素含量及抗氧化酶活性显著提高,为滇牡丹理想的促生菌。 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2017,(8)
Plant secondary metabolites play vital role in plant stress response. In this study we investigated whether root colonization of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum) infected by Trichoderma harzianum leads to alterations in the biosynthesis of secondary plant metabolites including phytohormones and osmolyte proline under drought stress. Exposure of tomato to drought caused a drastic decline in plant growth and physiological parameters. Tomato inoculated with T. harzianum showed increased root and shoot growth and chlorophyll pigments as compared to uninoculated controls as well as drought stressed plants. Proline and total soluble protein content was increased in plants inoculated with T. harzianum under both normal as well as drought conditions. An obvious increase in phenol and flavonoid content was observed due to T. harzianum. In addition, T. harzianum inoculated plants maintained higher levels of growth regulators indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, and gibberellic acid under drought stress. Improved secondary metabolites which play an important role in plant stress tolerance by T. harzianum may have coordinately worked for bringing the growth regulation by protecting membranes from reactive oxygen species(ROS) and enhance plant growth through accessing more nutrients by root system. 相似文献
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[目的]通过比较哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum）抗药性标记菌株TUV-13和野生型菌株T2-16对水稻生长影响的差异,筛选出对水稻生长有更好促进作用的菌株,进一步推动木霉生防菌株在水稻上的应用。[方法]采用不同浓度的TUV-13和T2-16孢子悬浮液对水稻进行人工接种（浸种处理）,确定最适浸种浓度;室外盆栽试验采用常规方法测定水稻各个生长势指标。[结果]确定TUV-13和T2-16最适浸种浓度均为1×105个/ml;用此浓度的孢子悬浮液浸种均能提高种子活力,且TUV-13对水稻萌发的促进作用更显著,幼苗鲜重比经T2-16浸种处理增加4.85%,活力指数提高5.96%。盆栽试验显示,2个处理均能促进水稻植株根系和地上部分的生长,经TUV-13孢子悬浮液浸种的效果最显著。[结论]TUV-13对T优6135的生长具有更显著的促进作用,显示出TUV-13在水稻应用上的巨大潜力。 相似文献
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为筛选出一株具有微生物源植物调节剂功能的细菌，并探讨其潜在的生物功能，利用平板涂布法以及16S rRNA鉴定技术对菌株进行分离、鉴定；同时使用该菌株发酵液对番茄的种子和幼苗分别进行浸种和灌根处理，并进行农艺指标测定。结果表明：经鉴定该菌株为烟草肠杆菌，其发酵液对番茄种子的萌发、幼苗的生长具有显著的促进作用；发酵液浓度为1×104 cfu·mL-1时促生效果最好，与对照相比，根长、株高、干质量和鲜质量分别增加63.42%、46.17%、150.00%和144.83%。研究结果可为该菌株开发为微生物肥料或微生物源植物生长调节剂提供技术支持。 相似文献
9.
Climate change, urbanization, and population increase limit food availability. To sustain human existence, there is the need to increase food and agricultural production to mitigate the impact of these factors. Scientists have been working for years on ways to increase food production. From plant breeding techniques to soil science, scientists have made tremendous progress. The rhizobiome has been proven to be important to crop production, and the impact of the rhizobiome on plant health cannot be overemphasized. Being rich in diverse complex microbial interactions, the rhizosphere has become a major force in recent plant growth promotion studies. The upsurge in next-generation sequencing applications with the various “omics” technologies is helping to unearth information relating to rhizosphere impact on plant growth. Explaining the complex interactions between and across microbial species present in the rhizosphere is important to further enhance our understanding of their mechanistic and mutualistic functions. Knowledge from this can be used in rhizosphere biome engineering for improved plant growth and yield in the face of the various biotic and abiotic challenges. 相似文献
10.
木霉生防菌对植物生长的影响 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
自木霉(Trichoderma)被发现具有生防价值以后,对其重寄生作用和拮抗成分的分析投入了大量的研究。而对植物生长的影响却被忽略了。象根瘤菌(rhizobia)和菌根真菌(mycorrhizae)一样,木霉能够对植物的生长产生明显的影响。它能产生植物毒性成分而抑制植物生长,也能通过产生激素和根际竞争能力促进植物生长,特别是它能诱导植物产生抗性。因此,仅对其抑制病原菌的能力进行讨论是不足够的。木霉在促进植物生长和诱导植物产生抗性具有真正的潜能。 相似文献
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[目的]土传病害严重影响了番茄种植的产量和经济效益。因此筛选优良的土传病害拮抗微生物用于生物防治对解决此问题具有重要意义。[方法]本试验以番茄根际土壤为材料,以四株番茄根腐病致病菌立枯丝核菌、腐皮镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌和链格孢菌为对峙菌,筛选得到NSB-26和RSB-6两株具有优良拮抗性能的细菌。经形态学和生理生化鉴定及16 SrDNA序列分析,发现NSB-26为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、RSB-6为暹罗芽孢杆菌。通过盆栽试验对菌株NSB-26和RSB-6的生防效果进行了验证,实验设置了三个处理：病原菌处理(T1),拮抗菌+病原菌处理(T2)和等量清水处理(CK)。[结果]结果表明：与T1和CK处理相比,T2处理番茄幼苗的生长有明显的上升趋势,株高、根长、鲜重、干重均明显提高,株高的增加幅度最高分别达10.06 %和3.95 %；根长的增加幅度最高分别达67.09 %和26.48 %；处理15天时,植株鲜重最高增加幅度分别达133.21 %和93.20 %；植株干重最高增加幅度分别达126.42 %和81.82 %。此外,叶绿素a、b含量也显著上升。[结论]说明拮抗菌处理可有效减轻土传病害,提高番茄幼苗的抗性,这为番茄根际拮抗菌的进一步开发利用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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木霉菌（Trichoderma spp.）是自然界广泛分布的一类重要生防真菌资源。生防菌在宿主根际及其组织中定殖能力的强弱是评价其生防潜力的重要指标。选择钩状木霉（Trichoderma hamatum）真菌、辣椒及其重要土传病害菌辣椒疫霉（Phytophthora capsici）三者互作体系，通过绿色荧光蛋白标记的钩状木霉菌株灌根接种辣椒植株，通过平板拮抗试验和温室盆栽试验，检测钩状木霉菌在辣椒植株及根际的定殖情况，及其对辣椒疫病的生物防治效果。结果表明，钩状木霉菌在辣椒根、茎和叶等组织中和辣椒根际土壤中均能够定殖。在辣椒根际土壤中，钩状木霉菌呈动态变化的定殖过程。灌根接种1～25 d，钩状木霉菌定殖量呈缓慢增长，在第33 d，达到最高值(700×107 conidia·g-1)，然后逐渐下降，呈现先增加后减少的动态变化过程。钩状木霉菌在辣椒根际和植株的定殖过程中，对辣椒疫病具有生物防治作用，防治效果达到5333％。综上，钩状木霉菌能够成为辣椒根际微生态中的有益微生物，可以有效预防辣椒疫病的发生，研究为辣椒疫病的生物防治提供了理论依据和有效途径。 相似文献
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为了解大蒜化感作用的机理,利用大蒜构建合理的栽培制度,以水浸提大蒜植株,XAD-4树脂吸附后用甲醇洗脱,真空浓缩至干,以蒸馏水溶解获得大蒜植株水浸液醇溶成分,在5种质量浓度梯度下,用蒸馏水为对照,对6种受体蔬菜进行发芽和幼苗生长生物测定,研究大蒜植株水浸液醇溶成分的化感作用。结果表明,0.04g/mL大蒜植株水浸液醇溶成分对黄瓜、番茄、甜椒、甘蓝、茄子的发芽率、发芽指数及幼苗生长表现出抑制效应,对甜瓜的发芽和生长表现出促进效应。大蒜植株水浸液醇溶成分对番茄表现为低质量浓度促进和高质量浓度抑制的化感效应,0.005 g/mL低质量浓度对番茄苗高和根长分别有极显著和显著的促进作用;但从质量浓度0.01 g/mL开始,对番茄地上部鲜重、根长及根鲜重表现为抑制作用,根系活力高于对照且持续增加;从质量浓度0.02 g/mL开始,对番茄发芽率、发芽指数和苗高表现为抑制作用;从质量浓度0.02 g/mL或0.03 g/mL开始,番茄MDA含量、保护酶SOD和CAT的活性及非保护酶PAL和PPO的活性分别高于对照且持续增加,POD活性急剧降低。以上结果表明,番茄是大蒜植株水浸液醇溶成分的敏感受试作物,高质量浓度的大蒜植株水浸液醇溶成分破坏番茄膜系统,影响番茄植株正常生长。 相似文献
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生防木霉菌生物安全性评价 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
【目的】检测木霉菌（Trichoderma sp.）的生物安全性，评价木霉菌应用后对部分生态因子的影响。【方法】采用常规试验方法，将木霉菌孢子进行种子接菌、土壤接菌、水中接菌，研究木霉菌对瓜类作物生长性状的影响，在水中的存活及对根际土壤微生物的影响，对大白鼠、大白兔的毒性。【结果】大多数木霉菌对甜瓜种子安全，并且能够显著提高种子的出苗率、增加须根数和促进瓜苗生长；绿色木霉菌T23菌株对甜瓜及西瓜根际土壤真菌、细菌和放线菌群体数量无显著影响；木霉菌孢子在河水、井水、雨水及自来水中均不能萌发，分生孢子在水中存活约12～20 d，厚垣孢子约20～30 d，菌体自行消解；对鱼苗生长没有不良影响；对大鼠的急性经口和经皮毒性均属低毒类，对兔皮肤和兔眼粘膜无刺激性。【结论】与其它微生物农药一样木霉菌无毒、无污染，用于作物土传病害的生物防治无明显性风险。 相似文献
16.
乳酸菌胞外多糖对水稻生长及土壤理化性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨微生物多糖在促进作物生长上的应用效果及其作用机理,以水稻准两优608为供试材料,将不同浓度(100、1 000 mg·L-1)乳酸菌胞外多糖施加于土壤,同时以相同浓度的葡萄糖作为对照,研究乳酸菌胞外多糖对水稻秧苗生物学性状及水稻根际土壤理化性质的影响,同时考查微生物多糖与单糖在水稻促生效果上的差异。结果表明:在土壤中添加不同浓度的乳酸菌多糖能促进水稻幼苗的生长,显著改善土壤结构,提高土壤团聚体稳定性,缓解土壤酸化,提高土壤酶活性,同时对土壤养分也有明显的改善效果。相关性分析表明,外源物质介导的土壤环境因子变化与水稻的生长作用关联极为密切。主成分分析结果证明,乳酸菌胞外多糖对水稻生长及土壤环境因子的作用效果与葡萄糖存在明显区别。乳酸菌胞外多糖可以作为一种新型植物生长调节剂应用于农业生产。 相似文献
17.
Wheat straw biochar amendment suppresses tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum: Potential effects of rhizosphere organic acids and amino acids 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Complex interactions based on host plant, rhizosphere microorganisms and soil microenvironment are presumed to be responsible for the suppressive properties of biochar against soil-borne diseases, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of biochar amendment for controlling tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, and to explore the interactions between biochar-induced changes in rhizosphere compound composition, the pathogen and tomato growth. The results showed that biochar amendment decreased disease incidence by 61–78% and simultaneously improved plant growth. The positive ‘biochar effect' could be associated with enhanced microbial activity and alterations in the rhizosphere organic acid and amino acid composition. Specifically, elevated rhizosphere citric acid and lysine, but reduced salicylic acid, were induced by biochar which improved microbial activity and rendered the rhizosphere unsuitable for the development of R. solanacearum. In addition, nutrients which were either made more available by the stimulated microbial activity or supplied by the biochar could improve plant vigor and potentially enhance tomato resistance to diseases. Our findings highlight that biochar's ability to control tomato bacterial wilt could be associated with the alteration of the rhizosphere organic acid and amino acid composition, however, further research is required to verify these ‘biochar effects' in field conditions. 相似文献
18.
黄绿木霉T1010对日光温室土壤微生物群落的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在土壤中施用黄绿木霉T1010,于樱桃番茄生长过程中定期取土样测定微生物数量。结果表明,黄绿木霉T1010能促进土壤中其它有益微生物的生长。在樱桃番茄盛果期,黄绿木霉T1010制剂处理组土壤细菌群落数量比初始值提高3．27倍,比常规肥料处理组提高76％;在盛果期,黄绿木霉T1010制剂处理组放线菌数量比常规肥料处理组提高1．32倍;黄绿木霉T1010制剂施人土壤后有些种类真菌数量有所下降;黄绿木霉T1010在土壤中生长,也促进了固氮菌的繁殖,与土壤处理前相比,在樱桃番茄苗期、盛花期、盛果期固氮菌数量分别提高0．91、4．19、6．98倍,盛果期比常规化肥处理组提高65％。应用黄绿木霉T1010制剂后,樱桃番茄花期、果期提前,果实整齐均匀,立枯病感病指数降低36．36％,侧根数比常规化肥处理组增加1．44倍,产量明显提高。 相似文献
19.
香蕉吸芽苗内生真菌及其根际土壤真菌的鉴定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
从香蕉吸芽苗的根、叶等组织内分离到11个属的真菌:曲霉属(Aspergillus)、炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum)、镰孢属(Fu-sarium)、胶帚霉属(Gliocladium)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、球二孢属(Botryodiplodia)、丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia)、单格孢属(Ulo-cladium)、散子囊菌属(Eurotium)、直双孢属(D idymaria)和丝葚霉属(Papuladpora)。炭疽菌属为优势菌,占内生真菌分离物总数的50%。从香蕉吸芽苗根际土壤中分离到10个属的真菌:曲霉属、镰孢属、木霉属、丝核菌属、毛霉属(Mucor)、青霉属(Penicillium)、拟青霉属(Paecilomyces)、帚霉属(Scopulariopsis)、球壳孢属(Sphaeropsis)和盾壳霉属(Coniothyrium)。拟青霉属、青霉属和毛霉属为优势菌,分别占根际土壤真菌分离物总数的39.7%、23.8%和17.5%。 相似文献
20.
【目的】研究日光温室基质培条件下,不同氮磷钾用量对茄子产量、根系生长和根际基质中微生物数量及酶活性的影响,为基质培茄子氮磷钾养分合理施用提供理论依据。【方法】采用基质槽栽和水肥一体化滴灌方式,以前期试验得到的基质配方沙子:炉渣:菇渣=6:3:1（体积比）为栽培基质,以不施肥处理为对照（CK）,以目标产量施肥量（目标产量施肥量=（目标产量需肥量-基质中速效养分含量）/化肥利用率）设定100%施肥量（F4）,在此基础上,分别减少60%（F1）、40%（F2）、20%（F3）及增加20%（F5）和40%（F6）施肥量,研究氮磷钾用量对茄子产量、根系发育和根际基质微生物数量和酶活性的影响。【结果】茄子单株产量随氮磷钾用量增加呈先增高后降低的趋势,较CK增产幅度为101.1%—212.9%,F3处理下单株产量最高,比CK高212.9%（P<0.05）。根际基质中微生物以细菌为主,其次为放线菌,真菌较少。定植90 d后,随氮磷钾施用量增加,茄子根际基质中速效氮、磷、钾含量逐渐增加,细菌、真菌和放线菌数量,蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,F3处理下均较高,高氮磷钾处理（F4、F5和F6）下脲酶活性较高;根系活力、根系总长度和根系表面积呈先增加后降低的趋势,在F2处理下较高,分别较CK增加109.2%、49.2%和46.5%,差异显著。细菌数量与基质酶活性呈显著正相关,脲酶活性与速效氮、磷、钾含量呈极显著正相关,过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性与速效磷、钾含量呈显著正相关;细菌数量、过氧化氢酶活性与根系活力和产量呈极显著正相关,脲酶活性、速效磷、速效钾含量与根系活力和产量呈显著正相关,根系活力与单株产量呈极显著正相关。【结论】在沙子:炉渣:菇渣=6:3:1（体积比）的栽培基质条件下,日光温室冬春茬茄子的适宜氮磷钾用量分别为N 180.6 kg·hm-2、P2O5 212.1 kg·hm-2、K2O 434.9 kg·hm-2,依此量施肥有利于茄子产量、根系活力和基质微生物数量及酶活性的提高,可为茄子生长提供良好的微生态环境。 相似文献