共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
植物寄生线虫发育基因的研究进展 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
植物寄生线虫是危害农作物的重要病原物之一.笔者对植物寄生线虫的发育基因研究状况进行了评述.目前,关于植物寄生线虫发育基因及其调控机理研究不多,主要集中于发育相关基因的克隆,RNAi方法和原位杂交技术在线虫发育基因分析中得到成功应用.利用模式动物秀丽小杆线虫发育基因的信息和方法研究植物寄生线虫发育基因将是人们研究的热点之一. 相似文献
6.
淡紫拟青霉防治植物线虫研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
淡紫拟青霉（Paecilomyces lilacinus）是防治植物线虫较有潜力的生物防治菌剂之一,对植物线虫卵具有较强的寄生能力。就其生物学特性、防治机理、环境安全性等方面进行了阐述。 相似文献
7.
多年来,防治植物寄生性线虫的合成农药严重污染生态环境,开发天然生物型农药迫在眉睫。基于线虫动物门所有物种都表现出相似性,且寄生性线虫与模式动物秀丽线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)之间的差异小于不同种类寄生性线虫之间的差异,以模式生物秀丽线虫为研究对象,探究植物天然产物百里香酚对生长发育期(L4时期)和生殖时期(有卵时期)秀丽线虫的寿命、运动能力、成活子代数目表型指标的影响。结果表明,百里香酚处理L4时期的秀丽线虫4 h,其半数致死浓度为50 mg/L,最低致死浓度为125 mg/L。百里香酚处理有卵时期的秀丽线虫4 h,其半数致死浓度为50 mg/L,最低致死浓度为100 mg/L。同时,百里香酚能显著性降低上述两个时期秀丽线虫的运动能力以及有卵时期秀丽线虫的成活子代数目。综合以上结果,选取125 mg/L的百里香酚处理线虫4 h,其杀虫效果最佳,能达到低成本、高效、环保的防治植物寄生性线虫的目的。 相似文献
8.
9.
薇甘菊杀线虫活性成分及其对番茄生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用活性追踪法,从外来人侵杂草薇甘菊中提取到两种活性化合物——薇甘菊内酯和间-甲氧基苯甲酸.以南方根结线虫为测试对象,测试了两种化合物的杀线虫活性和卵囊孵化抑制率.结果表明,两种化合物具有中等强度的杀线虫活性,其中薇甘菊内酯活性较高,药后48 h的致死中浓度(LC50)为57.75 mg/L,药后6d的抑制中浓度(IC50)为415.87 mg/L.另外,测试了两种化合物对寄主植物番茄生长、根系活力和叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活的影响,结果表明两种化合物对番茄生长没有明显影响,但是可以显著减少根结线虫的侵染.根系活力和SOD酶活结果进一步证明了两种化合物抑制线虫侵染的活性. 相似文献
10.
11.
康绿功臣可湿性粉剂防治番茄根结线虫的效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用康绿功臣可湿性粉剂(有效成分:1.1%苦参碱)处理温室土壤以防治番茄根结线虫,试验表明,康绿功臣可湿性粉剂可较好地控制番茄根结线虫的为害。康绿功臣可湿性粉剂45.0、52.5、60.0 kg/hm23个处理,药后90 d土壤中2龄幼虫数量减退率分别为66.12%、71.12%和73.51%,而对照药剂1.8%阿维菌素15.0 L/hm2处理的线虫减退率为75.68%。药后90 d康绿功臣可湿性粉剂各处理防治效果分别为50.96%、57.51%和61.04%,而对照药剂为62.87%。 相似文献
12.
《农业科学学报》2016,(2)
Root-knot nematodes(RKNs,Meloidogyne spp.) are obligate biotrophic parasites that settle close to the vascular tissues in plant roots.The diseases resulting from RKN infections cause serious damage to agricultural production worldwide.In the present paper,the resistance of Chinese leek(Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel) against RKNs,its suppressive effect on nematode disease,its nematicidal activity and its component profile were studied to identify an efficient disease control method.In soil heavily infected by nematodes,Chinese leek showed strong resistance to RKNs.Additionally,the gall indexes of cucumber plants rotated with Chinese leek and of tomato plants intercropped with Chinese leek were reduced by 70.2 and 41.1%,respectively.In a pot experiment,the gall indexes of Chinese leek extract-treated tomato and cucumber plants were reduced by 88.9 and 75.9%,respectively.In an in vitro experiment,the mortality rate of a RKN(Meloidogyne incognita J2) treated with Chinese leek extract was significantly higher than that of the control.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) analysis revealed that glycosides,carboxylic acids,ketones and organic sulfides are the main components in the Chinese leek extract.This study revealed that Chinese leek possesses a high resistance to RKNs,has strong nematicidal activity against M.incognita and can significantly reduce the incidence of disease caused by nematodes. 相似文献
13.
Potassium sulphate induces resistance of rice against the root-knot nematode Meloidogynegraminicola 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LIU Mao-Yan PENG De-liang SU Wen XIANG Chao JIAN Jin-zhuo ZHAO Jie PENG Huan LIU Shi-ming KONG Ling-an DAI Liang-ying HUANG Wen-kun LIU Jing 《农业科学学报》2022,21(11):3263-3277
Potassium (K), an important nutrient element, can improve the stress resistance/tolerance of crops. The application of K in resisting plant-parasitic nematodes shows that the K treatment can reduce the occurrence of nematode diseases and increase crop yield. However, data on K2SO4 induced rice resistance against the root-knot nematode Meloidogynegraminicola are still lacking. In this work, K2SO4 treatment reduced galls and nematodes in rice plants and delayed the development of nematodes. Rather than affecting the attractiveness of roots to nematodes and the morphological phenotype of giant cells at feeding sites, such an effect is achieved by rapidly priming hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and increasing callose deposition. Meanwhile, galls and nematodes in rice roots were more in the potassium channel OsAKT1 and transporter OsHAK5 gene-deficient plants than in wild-type, while the K2SO4-induced resistance showed weaker in the defective plants. In addition, during the process of nematode infection, the expression of jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET)/brassinolide (BR) signaling pathway-related genes and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes OsPR1a/OsPR1b was up-regulated in rice after K2SO4 treatment. In conclusion, K2SO4 induced rice resistance against M. graminicola. The mechanism of inducing resistance was to prime the basal defense and required the participation of the K+ channel and transporter in rice. These laid a foundation for further study on the mechanism of rice defense against nematodes and the rational use of potassium fertilizer on improving rice resistance against nematodes in the field. 相似文献
14.
旨在筛选对松材线虫具有毒杀作用的生防真菌。通过组织分离法从八角枫茎、叶组织中共分离得到11株内生真菌,经摇瓶培养、乙酸乙酯萃取制备次生代谢产物,采用浸渍法开展内生真菌代谢产物对松材线虫的室内毒力试验,结合形态特征和ITS序列分析对活性菌株进行鉴定。结果表明,一株内生真菌（BZ-8）发酵液杀线虫活性显著,通过形态学与分子生物学均鉴定为Aspergillus japonicus,其发酵液有机相24 h和48 h的IC50值分别为0.29 mg·mL-1和0.21 mg·mL-1,水相24 h和48 h的IC50值分别为0.04 mg·mL-1、0.02 mg·mL-1。研究结果说明,八角枫内生真菌A.japonicus的胞外次生代谢产物对松材线虫具有显著的毒杀效果,值得进一步研究。 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
《农业科学学报》2019,18(11):2561-2570
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola is considered one of the most devastating pests in rice-producing areas, and nematicides are neither ecofriendly nor cost effective. More acceptable biological agents are required for controlling this destructive pathogen. In this study, the biocontrol potential of Aspergillus welwitschiae AW2017 was investigated in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activities of A. welwitschiae metabolites were tested on M. graminicola in laboratory experiments. The effect of A. welwitschiae on the attraction of M. graminicola to rice and the infection of rice by M. graminicola was evaluated in a greenhouse. The bioagent AW2017 displayed good nematicidal potential via its ovicidal and larvicidal action. The best larvicidal activity was observed at a concentration of 5×AW2017, which caused an 86.2% mortality rate at 48 h post inoculation. The highest ovicidal activity was recorded at a concentration of 5×AW2017, which resulted in an approximately 47.3% reduction in egg hatching after 8 d compared to the control. Under greenhouse conditions, the application of A. welwitschiae significantly reduced the root galls and nematodes in rice roots compared to the control. At a concentration of 5×AW2017, juveniles and root galls in rice roots at 14 d post inoculation (dpi) were reduced by 24.5 and 40.5%, respectively. In addition, the attraction of M. graminicola to rice roots was significantly decreased in the AW2017 treatment, and the development of nematodes in the AW2017-treated plants was slightly delayed compared with that in the PDB-treated control plants. The results indicate that A. welwitschiae is a potential biological control agent against M. graminicola in rice. 相似文献
18.
[目的]为筛选和开发高效新型生物杀线虫剂提供依据。[方法]以土壤中筛选的1株具有明显杀线虫活性的细菌菌株W3为供试菌种,对其进行发酵培养,采用硫酸铵沉淀、疏水层析、阴离子柱层析等方法从发酵液中分离W3菌株的杀线虫活性成分,并对各活性成分的杀线虫活性进行测定。[结果]W3菌株粗蛋白处理线虫4h后,虫体活动异常,部分虫体静止不动,处理36h后大部分虫体不活动,部分虫体体壁断裂现象,最终所有线虫被完全消解;从发酵液中纯化出1种能降解线虫体壁的胞外蛋白酶,该酶的分子量约为45KDa,其作用的最佳pH值为7～8,最佳温度为45℃。[结论]W3菌株胞外蛋白酶具有明显的杀线虫活性和线虫体壁降解活性。 相似文献
19.
木醋液的杀线活性及对根结线虫病的防治效果研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
【目的】初步探究木醋液对根结线虫2龄幼虫的抑制作用,以及木醋液及其配剂对根结线虫病的田间防治效果。【方法】采用浸渍法测定不同稀释浓度的木醋液对根结线虫2龄幼虫抑制作用,根据实验室测定结果设计小区试验,进行木醋液及其配剂对石榴根结线虫病、番茄根结线虫病的大田防治。【结果】不同稀释浓度的木醋液对4种常见根结线虫的2龄幼虫均有抑制作用,随着稀释倍数的增加,抑制作用减小。木醋液稀释浓度为150倍处理72 h时,北方根结线虫、花生根结线虫、南方根结线虫、爪哇根结线虫的校正死亡率分别达到了76.3%、78.４%、77.9%和72.2%。木醋液和木醋液配剂对石榴根结线虫病有较好的防治效果,防治效果分别达到了63.9%和50.5%。木醋液和木醋液配剂对番茄根结线虫病的防治效果,寻甸分别为54.1%和28.6%,个旧的为27.8%和19.6%。【结论】初步证明木醋液对根结线虫2龄幼虫有抑制作用,对石榴根结线虫病和番茄根结线虫病有防治效果,对防治根结线虫病有研究价值、应用价值和开发前景。 相似文献
20.
植物寄生线虫是世界各地农林业生产中一种重要的生物胁迫,如何在早期快速、准确地鉴定出植物寄生线虫种类是减少其危害的重要前提。环介导等温扩增技术因在实际操作中简易、快速和灵敏等特点,已被广泛应用于多种植物病原体的检测和诊断。本文主要就LAMP技术在松材线虫、根结线虫、孢囊线虫、短体线虫、滑刃线虫、粒线虫等重要植物寄生线虫中的应用研究情况进行综述,为针对不同的植物寄生线虫开发和选用最佳的LAMP检测方法提供参考。 相似文献