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1.
为实现设施番茄准确有效施肥管理,以改良金棚8号番茄为试验材料,常规基质栽培番茄营养液管理方式为对照(CK),将番茄结果时期与营养液滴灌频率2因子完全交互耦合,番茄结果期划分为结果前期(第3穗果坐果~第1穗果成熟)和结果后期(第1穗果成熟~第5穗果成熟),各结果期滴灌频率均设置1、3、5次/d共3个频率(供应营养液总量相同),共10个处理,研究不同耦合处理对番茄不同层果实品质和产量的影响。利用主成分分析法、逼近理想解排序法、隶属函数分析法、灰色关联度分析法4种单一综合评价方法对番茄多层果实进行品质-产量单一算法综合评价,对通过事前一致性检验(Kendall-W)的单一综合评价结果进行模糊Borda组合评价,确定最优营养液滴灌频率方案。结果表明,耦合处理能显著增加番茄产量,不同层果实品质指标最优时,对应的耦合处理不同。4种单一综合评价方法的排序结果存在差异,Kendall-W一致性检验的协和系数为0.920,满足模糊Borda组合评价条件。主成分分析法与模糊Borda法的排序结果相关系数最高,为0.988。基于模糊Borda组合评价方法得出,结果前期1次/d、结果后期3次/d的滴灌频率可兼...  相似文献   

2.
【目的】蒸发蒸腾量(ET)是农业生产的主要参数,ET的准确估算对农田精准用水管理和区域水资源优化配置具有重要意义。【方法】利用2012—2013年夏玉米作物指数与气象因子,采用基于参考作物蒸发蒸腾量(ET0)经验模型(Schendel、Hargreaves-M4(H-M4))的单作物系数法、单源模型(Priestley-Taylor(P-T))和双源模型(Shuttleworth-Wallace、Two-Patch)对作物蒸发蒸腾量进行模拟,并对比分析各估算模型模拟情况。【结果】基于不同生育期实测和平衡蒸发蒸腾量均值的比值修正P-T模型经验系数?,P-T修正模型对夏玉米全生育期ET模拟值与大型称质量式蒸渗仪实测值拟合的平均绝对误差(MAE)、决定系数(R2)、平均相对误差(MRE)、相对均方根误差(Relative root mean-squared error,RRMSE)和整体评价指标(GPI)排名分别为0.977 5 mm/d、0.5689、0.843 4、0.450 4和1,苗期分别为0.959 2 mm/d、0.332 0、0.478 4、0.481 1和3,拔节抽雄期分别为1.038 8 mm/d、0.507 8、0.551 7、0.429 0和1,成熟期分别为0.548 1 mm/d、0.774 6、0.915 8、0.423 9、0.692 1和1;H-M4模型对灌浆期ET模拟MAE、R2、MRE、RRMSE和GPI排名分别为1.344 3 mm/d、0.727 9、2.298 3、0.491 0和1。模拟结果均达到极显著(P<0.01,P代表显著性水平)。【结论】P-T和基于单作物系数法的H-M4均具有输入较少参数获取较精确ET估算值的优势,因此P-T可作为全生育期及苗期、拔节抽雄期和成熟期蒸发蒸腾量最优模拟模型,H-M4可作为灌浆期蒸发蒸腾量最优模拟模型。  相似文献   

3.
提出了一个风沙相互作用数值模型,该模型以概率统计理论为基础,通过计算不同地表风速下沙粒的风蚀与沉积概率来实现风-沙相互作用过程,最后通过动网格技术,改变下边界节点坐标,实现沙床表面的起伏变化。数值计算与野外沙障凹坑的测量结果对比表明,沙障内地表形态的数值计算结果与实测地表形态较为接近,凹坑最低点位置向下风向一侧移动,误差最大位置为凹坑的最低点处,t=4 d时,平均绝对误差为17.86%,随着积沙增加,误差逐渐减小,t=8 d时,平均绝对误差为8.52%。所提模型无论从定性还是从定量上,都与野外测量结果较为一致,可以正确模拟沙障地表的发展过程。  相似文献   

4.
为研究番茄温室风口开关时间,进一步实现温室智能控制,以人工控制为对照结合番茄不同生长时期,利用多元回归方法对温室风口打开/关闭时的基础温度与室内外温度、昼夜温差进行分析,得到不同时期下温室风口打开/关闭的回归模型。研究结果表明:多元回归模型预测效果较为理想,番茄开花坐果期风口打开/关闭时间预测模型的R2分别为0836 6和0.981 4,结果期风口打开/关闭时间预测模型的R2分别为0.911 3和0.951 3,各RMSE值均小于0.95。番茄开花坐果期,与人工控制相对比模型控制下室内温度优化42.86%,同时保证了昼夜温差更加符合番茄根茎叶中相关物质的积累要求。番茄结果期,与人工控制相对比模型控制有效调整了室内温度变化范围、提升昼夜温差的合理性,为番茄果实中营养物质的积累提供条件。综上所述,番茄不同生长时期下回归模型能较好地解决温室风口开关时间的控制问题,解放劳动生产力,提升番茄经济效益,也为番茄温室的综合调控分析提供研究思路。  相似文献   

5.
针对陇东地区的特点,对日光温室内无土栽培番茄进行了探索性的研究,结果表明,秋茬温室番茄中后期适宜灌水量为700~900 mL/(株.d),基质适宜含水量为69.3%~80%。春茬温室番茄适宜灌水量为前期500~600 mL/(株.d),中期800~900 mL/(株.d),后期1 400 mL/(株.d),基质含水量应大于70%。不同灌水量对春茬番茄影响比秋茬大。秋茬可适当控水,春茬番茄随着植株的生长和温度升高及时调整灌水量。  相似文献   

6.
WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模式参数化方案众多,不同参数化方案对降雨模拟效果有较大的影响。为研究WRF模式中云微物理、陆面过程及积云对流参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果的影响,以长江宜宾至宜昌干流区间为研究区域,选取5种云微物理参数化方案、2种陆面过程参数化方案和3种积云对流参数化方案共30种方案组合对该地区4场不同降雨中心落区的典型强降雨过程进行模拟,并以实测站点数据和GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement)降水数据产品为参考,采用TS评分、空报率、漏报率、准确率、平均绝对误差以及均方根误差作为评价指标,充分考虑各指标的不同影响,运用基于熵权的密切值法对降雨模拟结果进行综合评价。结果表明,WRF模式中云微物理WSM3(WRF Single-Moment 3-class)方案,陆面过程Noah(Noah Land Surface Model)方案和积云对流Grell-D(GrellDevenyi Ensemble)方案的参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果较好,在该参数化方案组合下,WRF模拟的24 ...  相似文献   

7.
采用试验测量法,以温室环境参数为变量,建立了不同时间尺度下番茄蒸腾量和椰糠水分蒸发量回归模型以分析温室无土栽培番茄蒸腾规律和椰糠水分蒸发规律。结果表明,1h、1d时间尺度下番茄蒸腾量回归模型的决定系数分别为0.673 8、0.801;68d(整个试验周期)时间尺度下,1号番茄累积蒸腾量与累积有效积温、累积辐射积的拟合决定系数分别为0.998 4、0.993 6。1d时间尺度下,椰糠水分蒸发量特性方程的回归系数为0.891;58d(整个试验周期)时间尺度下,椰糠累积水分蒸发量与累积有效积温和累积辐热积回归方程的决定系数分别为0.999和0.992 7。随着时间尺度增大,番茄蒸腾量和椰糠水分蒸发量与环境参数的相关性显著提高。  相似文献   

8.
微润灌水头压力对温室番茄生长及水分利用效率的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
【目的】探明微润灌条件下温室番茄适宜的水头压力,提高水分利用效率。【方法】以滴灌灌溉为对照(CK),设置水头压力1 m(T_1)、1.5 m(T_2)、2 m(T_3)、2.5 m(T_4)4种试验处理,研究了微润灌条件下不同水头压力对土壤水分分布、番茄生长、耗水规律、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】微润灌水头压力显著影响土壤含水率和湿润区范围,与滴灌处理相比,微润灌处理土壤含水率始终处于较高状态,形成持续稳定的水分环境;T_1、T_2、T_3、T_4处理定植100 d的土壤含水率较定植20 d的下降24.9%、21.54%、19.18%和16.93%,水头压力越高,下降幅度越小,土壤水分环境越稳定;定植初期,滴灌土壤水分环境对植株生长有利,番茄生长较好,随着生育期的延长,微润灌地埋优势充分发挥,后期微润灌番茄生长明显优于滴灌处理;在整个生育期内,番茄株高及茎粗的生长量、生长速率均随着水头压力的提高逐渐增大;番茄在开花坐果期和结果盛期耗水量较大,苗期和结果末期耗水量相对较低,全生育期T_1、T_2、T_3、T_4处理耗水量分别为192.3、216.4、235.8、262.3 mm,水头压力越高,耗水量越大;各处理水分利用效率表现为CK相似文献   

9.
为提出高精度适合广东青年运河灌区参考作物腾发量(ET0)预报方法,制定精准的灌溉预报,降低农业用水量,本研究以灌区内的湛江站为研究对象,收集了该站点2003-01-01-2017-05-31逐日气象观测数据和2016-01-01-2017-05-31日的预见期为7 d的逐日公共天气预报数据,采用FAO-56 Penman-Monteith计算值作为基准,比较Hargreaves-Samani(HS)法、简化Penman-Monteith(PT)、逐日均值修正法的预报效果.结果表明:以上3种方法1~7 d预见期平均绝对误差平均值分别为0.908 3,0.903 1,0.947 9 mm/d,平均绝对误差分别为1.099 1,1.099 9,1.192 4 mm/d,相关系数分别为0.649 5,0.649 8,0.615 9,PT法的平均绝对误差以及相关系数均最好.就每个预见期而言,1~5 d预见期的最优预报方法均为PT法,6~7 d为HS法.因此,建议采用PT法进行青年运河灌区的ET0预报.  相似文献   

10.
冬小麦棵间土壤蒸发数值模拟研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了探讨作物生长条件下棵间土壤蒸发规律,利用微型蒸渗仪的实测值和土壤潜在蒸发速率对土壤蒸发过程进行了模拟分析,并对Ritchie模型进行了验证。结果表明,返青期土壤蒸发第2阶段的蒸发速率受气象条件的影响较拔节期和灌浆期大。第2阶段土壤累积蒸发量与时间的平方根成正比,其斜率值α不仅仅与土壤的水力特性有关,可能还与气象条件、土壤含水率、作物地表覆盖程度等有关。返青期、拔节期、灌浆期α值分别取为2.5026、2.0477、3.425。Ritchie土壤蒸发模型的模拟值与实测值的均方根误差为0.21 mm/d,平均绝对误差为0.16mm/d,模拟精度较高。  相似文献   

11.
Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.  相似文献   

12.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。  相似文献   

13.
对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明:该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。  相似文献   

14.
对《种子法》存在问题的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。  相似文献   

15.
About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.  相似文献   

16.
赵异 《湖南农机》2007,(3):31-32
在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。  相似文献   

17.
A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.  相似文献   

18.
在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。  相似文献   

19.
农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。  相似文献   

20.
车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。  相似文献   

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