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The intestinal immune system is affected by various factors during its development, such as maternal antibodies, host genes, intestinal microbial composition and activity, and various stresses (such as weaning stress). Intestinal microbes may have an important impact on the development of the host immune system. Appropriate interventions such as probiotics may have a positive effect on intestinal immunity by regulating the composition and activity of intestinal microbes. Moreover, probiotics participate in the regulation of host health in many ways; for instance, by improving digestion and the absorption of nutrients, immune response, increasing the content of intestinal-beneficial microorganisms, and inhibiting intestinal-pathogenic bacteria, and they participate in regulating intestinal diseases in various ways. Probiotics are widely used as additives in livestock and the poultry industry and bring health benefits to hosts by improving intestinal microbes and growth performance, which provides more choices for promoting strong and efficient productivity. 相似文献
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犊牛断奶应激是指犊牛在断奶时,从液态母乳转变为固态饲料的过程,对犊牛的消化系统造成较大的应激反应。这种应激反应会影响到犊牛的健康和生产性能,可能会导致犊牛出现生长发育受阻,采食量减少,生长速度缓慢,瘤胃机能发生障碍,免疫机能受到影响,以及对犊牛的内分泌系统产生不良的反应等症状。犊牛在处于断奶应激下,也易感其他疾病,犊牛的健康水平会降低。相关研究表明,犊牛在进入育肥环境后,有17%的犊牛会出现呼吸系统疾病的迹象,而减少犊牛早期阶段应激反应的发生可降低育肥阶段呼吸系统疾病的发病率。因此,在养殖过程中,应该采取合理的措施来缓解犊牛断奶应激,以提高犊牛的健康水平和生产性能。本文旨在讨论犊牛断奶应激对疾病发生和传播的影响,并针对此问题提出有效的防控策略。通过实施这些防控策略,可有效降低断奶应激对犊牛的影响,并减少相关疾病的发生和传播。 相似文献
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在集约化养殖中,3~4周龄早期断奶是仔猪生命周期中一个非常紧张的时期,此时仔猪胃肠道还未发育成熟。肠道屏障由上皮、免疫和肠神经系统组成,这些系统控制上皮屏障的完整性以及肠道功能,包括肠腔营养物质、水和电解质的运输。早期断奶导致肠道通透性增加,出现胃肠功能紊乱的情况,可能对猪只一生产生长期的影响。因此,仔猪断奶饲粮需要正确水平的营养素、营养源和高质量的添加剂,鼓励仔猪快速进食,减轻或消除断奶应激综合症,降低死亡率和发病率。养猪就是养"肠道",合理使用功能性氨基酸、植物化学物质和有机酸等添加剂,能够修复由于断奶应激综合症导致的肠道屏障功能障碍。 相似文献
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断奶应激引发仔猪肠道损伤及重建机制研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
肠道的发育与成熟状况是制约幼畜快速生长的关键因素。断奶是仔猪必须经历的一个应激过程,而断奶应激主要的靶点就是仔猪的肠道,特别是小肠的损伤尤为严重。因此,本文从仔猪肠道的形态和结构、肠道消化和代谢相关酶活性、肠道黏膜屏障、肠道功能基因和蛋白的表达及调控、断奶激活的肠道应激信号通路、应激蛋白家族在肠道中的差异表达等多个层面探讨断奶应激导致仔猪肠道损伤及重建的机制。为今后采用各种营养调控手段改善仔猪肠道健康、促进其快速生长提供理论基础和支持。 相似文献
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肠道是机体重要的消化与免疫器官,维持肠道健康对猪的生长发育和疾病预防具有十分重要的意义。高通量测序技术的发展极大地促进了人们对肠道微生物功能的认知,猪肠道微生物组的研究正逐步成为热点。目前,尽管对某一生长阶段猪的肠道微生物组已有较为深入的理解,但仍缺乏有关商品猪整个生命周期范围内肠道微生物组动态变化的全面纵向研究。而从出生到出栏,猪在整个生长周期内的肠道微生物组并不是一成不变的,是一个动态的发育过程。作者综述了猪哺乳期、断奶期、育肥期和妊娠期等从出生到育肥过程中不同阶段肠道微生物组的纵向变化及其主要影响因素：一方面,肠道微生物群落结构的显著变化主要发生在断奶期;另一方面,虽然肠道微生物组成随着时间始终在不断变化,但仍有一部分优势菌是一直存在的,这部分优势菌被称为核心菌群,而只在特定时期才出现的菌只是胃肠道中的"过客",也最易受外界因素影响。肠道微生物组与多种因素相关,如年龄、饮食、环境、抗生素使用等,其中饮食对塑造肠道微生物起到至关重要的作用。本文可为理解猪在不同生长发育阶段肠道微生物的动态变化规律及改善猪生长性能和健康水平的微生物技术手段提供理论参考。 相似文献
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犊牛在断奶前免疫系统发育不成熟，体质敏感，而在断奶后生长发育迅速。这两个阶段的犊牛都需要提供含有优质蛋白质的日粮以保证其生长发育。结合中国蛋白质资源紧缺的现状，做好犊牛阶段的氨基酸营养在促进犊牛健康生长和提高蛋白质利用率上都具有重要作用。此外，氨基酸在提高犊牛免疫力方面有不可替代的作用，近年来的研究还发现，氨基酸对犊牛消化道易感细菌和病毒有特殊的抑制功能。针对犊牛生长速度快、免疫功能不完善、死亡率高、断奶前后生理结构和营养需要变化迅速的生理特点，作者重点介绍了单一氨基酸不同水平及多种氨基酸不同比例对犊牛断奶前后生长性能的影响，并从氨基酸提高犊牛自身免疫力和抑制微生物繁殖两方面来阐述氨基酸对犊牛健康的影响机制，以期为推进氨基酸在犊牛生产中的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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In modern pig production,early weaning is a bottleneck problem which are restricting the development of pig industry.It can lead to early weaning syndrome in piglet,such as low appetite,growth inhibition,diarrhea and so on.One of the reasons induced these symptoms is impairment of intestinal mucosal barrier in piglets.The intestinal microflorais is one of the important parts of intestinal mucosal barrier.Therefore,study on the intestinal microflora of weaning piglets and nutritional regulations have been attracted more and more attentions,and it has an important influence on avoiding diarrhea,promoting the healthy growth and improving growth performance.The change of intestinal microflora in weaning piglets and research development of some common feed additives（microecologics,plant polysaccharide,acidulant,microelement,Chinese herbal medicine and plant extracts）for intestinal microflora were reviewed in this paper. 相似文献
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早期断奶是现代养猪生产中的瓶颈问题。早期断奶易造成仔猪早期断奶综合征,仔猪断奶后会出现采食量下降、生长阻滞和腹泻等一系列症状。引起这些症状的主要原因之一是断奶应激引起的仔猪肠道屏障受损。鉴于肠道微生态区系为肠道第一道防御屏障,因此,研究仔猪肠道微生态区系及其营养调控技术,对于防制仔猪早期断奶综合征、促进仔猪肠道健康、提高生产性能具有重要意义。文章针对断奶仔猪肠道微生物菌群变化及几种常用饲料添加剂（微生态制剂、植物多糖、酸化剂、微量元素、中草药及植物提取物）对肠道微生态区系调控的研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2015,(4)
Fungal biochemical pathways can yield various compounds that are not considered to be necessary for their growth and are thus referred to as secondary metabolites. These compounds have been found to have wide ranging biological effects and include potent poisons(mycotoxins). Mycotoxins invariably contaminate crops and(thus) animal feeds. The intestine is the key link between ingested mycotoxins and their detrimental effects on the animal. Effects on the intestine, or intestinal environment, and immune system have been reported with various mycotoxins. These effects are almost certainly occurring across species. Most, if not all, of the reported effects of mycotoxins are negative in terms of intestinal health, for example, decreased intestinal cell viability, reductions in short chain fatty acid(SCFA)concentrations and elimination of beneficial bacteria, increased expression of genes involved in promoting inflammation and counteracting oxidative stress. This challenge to intestinal health will predispose the animal to intestinal(and systemic) infections and impair efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients, with the associated effect on animal productivity. 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2016,(3)
The intestine is not only critical for nutrient digestion and absorption, but also is the largest immune organ in the body.However, in pig production, inflammation induced by numerous factors, such as pathogen infection and stresses(e.g.,weaning), results in intestinal mucosal injury and dysfunction, and consequently results in poor growth of pigs. Dietary fatty acids not only play critical roles in energy homeostasis and cel ular membrane composition, but also exert potent effects on intestinal development, immune function, and inflammatory response. Recent studies support potential therapeutic roles for specific fatty acids(short chain and medium chain fatty acids and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) in intestinal inflammation of pigs. Results of these new lines of work indicate trophic and cytoprotective effects of fatty acids on intestinal integrity in pigs. In this article, we review the effect of inflammation on intestinal structure and function, and the role of specific fatty acids on intestinal health of pigs, especial y under inflammatory conditions. 相似文献
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Yulan Liu 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2015,6(1)
The intestine is not only critical for nutrient digestion and absorption, but also is the largest immune organ in the body. However, in pig production, inflammation induced by numerous factors, such as pathogen infection and stresses (e.g., weaning), results in intestinal mucosal injury and dysfunction, and consequently results in poor growth of pigs. Dietary fatty acids not only play critical roles in energy homeostasis and cellular membrane composition, but also exert potent effects on intestinal development, immune function, and inflammatory response. Recent studies support potential therapeutic roles for specific fatty acids (short chain and medium chain fatty acids and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) in intestinal inflammation of pigs. Results of these new lines of work indicate trophic and cytoprotective effects of fatty acids on intestinal integrity in pigs. In this article, we review the effect of inflammation on intestinal structure and function, and the role of specific fatty acids on intestinal health of pigs, especially under inflammatory conditions. 相似文献
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The intestinal microbiota has gained increased attention from researchers within the swine industry due to its role in promoting intestinal maturation,immune system modulation,and consequently the enhancement of the health and growth performance of the host.This review aimed to provide updated scientific information on the interaction among intestinal microbiota,dietary components,and intestinal health of pigs.The small intestine is a key site to evaluate the interaction of the microbiota,diet,and host because it is the main site for digestion and absorption of nutrients and plays an important role within the immune system.The diet and its associated components such as feed additives are the main factors affecting the microbial composition and is central in stimulating a beneficial population of microbiota.The microbiotaehost interaction modulates the immune system,and,concurrently,the immune system helps to modulate the microbiota composition.The direct interaction between the microbiota and the host is an indication that the mucosa-associated microbiota can be more effective in evaluating its effect on health parameters.It was demonstrated that the mucosa-associated microbiota should be evaluated when analyzing the interaction among diets,microbiota,and health.In addition,supplementation of feed additives aimed to promote the intestinal health of pigs should consider their roles in the modulation of mucosa-associated microbiota as biomarkers to predict the response of growth performance to dietary interventions. 相似文献
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肠道作为整个机体主要的消化器官和体内最大的免疫器官,在家禽的生长发育和繁殖生产中起着至关重要的作用。肠道健康标准可为生产中及时监测并准确判断肠道的健康状况提供依据,了解肠道屏障的损伤机制有助于制定相应的防控策略。在实际生产中影响家禽肠道健康的因素众多,主要包括:致病性病毒、细菌、真菌和寄生虫等感染;饲料卫生、饲料霉菌及其毒素、日粮抗原、应激因素、禽舍环境卫生等。文章重点介绍了畜禽肠道健康的五大标准和评价肠道是否健康的相关生物标记物,阐述了影响家禽肠道健康的因素,肠道屏障损伤的机制,并针对不同因素导致的肠道健康问题阐明了不同的防控方案。 相似文献