共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
作为提高森林经营管理水平、促进森林可持续经营的一种制度创新,森林认证对森林生态保护和建设以及世界林产品贸易均具有影响。森林管理委员会(Forest Stewardship Council,FSC)认证是目前全球最具影响力的森林认证体系,不符合项是针对FSC认证标准层面开具的企业在开展森林经营过程中违反认证标准所包含的原则总和,通过对不符合项进行分析,可以总结出我国已通过认证的森林经营企业经营状况与FSC标准的差距。文中从FSC网站收集中国开展FSC森林经营认证的80家企业的191份审核报告,对FSC认证的发展现状和认证机构开展审核时提出的不符合项进行分析。结果发现,企业在环境影响、森林监测、当地社区、劳动者权利、森林经营方案编制方面与FSC认证标准存在差距。应从加强企业森林认证动力、企业森林认证能力和技术建设以及国家政策支持等方面进一步提升,进而提高森林认证对我国森林经营管理的作用。 相似文献
2.
FSC标准与中国法规之间的冲突分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
森林管理委员会(FSC)认证体系是目前市场认可度最高的, 受到非政府环保组织和贸易组织支持的全球森林认证体系。近年来, 由于市场作用和政策支持等因素, FSC认证在中国迅速发展。然而各个认证机构在中国开展森林经营认证过程中, 发现FSC标准与中国的法规之间存在着几个方面的冲突。这些冲突是导致国内部分森林经营企业难以通过FSC认证的重要原因。作者通过参与和调查国内多个森林经营企业的FSC认证工作, 将具有普遍性的冲突进行了归纳和分析, 为中国森林企业获得FSC认证提供借鉴。 相似文献
3.
4.
目前，玻利维亚森林认证总面积为 886 977 hm2，其中包括租借地、私有林和社区经营的森林。认证的社区森林的总面积为5.3万hm2，均属于Lonerio社区林业项目所有，其森林管理者是当地社区。认证者是社区代理组织APCOB（即对玻利维亚东部农民和土著人的支持）/CICOL（即玻利维亚东部公共中心）。 玻利维亚社区管理的森林面积为 258 821 hm2。为通过森林管理委员会（FSC）的认证，社区按FSC的要求制定了这片林地的森林经营计划，并按其计划进行了森林管理。FSC的主要要求之一是需要认证的经营单位必须按照FSC认证的原则和标准… 相似文献
5.
森林认证在国内外的进展情况1.森林认证在国外的发展情况森林认证作为促进森林可持续经营的一种市场机制,自20世纪90年代初兴起以来,已经被逐步认可和接受。1992年世界环发大会后,非政府组织开始大力推行这种新的体系,为了监督认证的独立性和公开性,1993年非政府保护组织成立了森林管理委员会(简称FSC)。1994年FSC通过了原则和标准,开始授权认证机构根据此原则和标准进行森林认证。一些国家和地区也开始了自己的认证过程。从此,森林认证在世界范围内逐渐开展起来。目前世界上共有2大森林认证体系即FSC与国际标准化组织(简称ISO140001)… 相似文献
6.
FSC与ISO森林认证体系比较及在我国适应性研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
本文针对当前世界上使用最为广泛的两种森林认证体系—ISO14 0 0 0和FSC进行了多方面比较分析 ,并对这两种认证体系在我国适应性进行了研究。结果表明 ,就目前我国森林经营实际而言 ,进行大面积基于业绩标准的FSC森林认证的条件尚未成熟 ,建议进行基于进程标准的ISO14 0 0 0森林认证 ,这样能够更好地提高我国森林经营水平 ,从而实现森林的可持续经营 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
研究FSC森林认证体系原则和标准的层次结构 ,参照FSC认证标准和国际的森林可持续经营的标准和指标 ,结合我国国情 ,提出我国森林可持续经营的标准和指标。 相似文献
11.
森林认证实施现状与趋势分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
森林认证自提出以来便在全球获得了快速发展, 其中以森林管理委员会的FSC体系和森林认证认可计划(PEFC)影响最大。文中在分析主要森林认证体系的基础上, 通过研究FSC和PEFC的实施情况, 指出目前森林认证在全球范围内的发展趋势:森林认证的实施集中在发达国家, 之后在向发展中国家转移过程中出现了减缓甚至停滞的趋势。 相似文献
12.
国外高保护价值森林判定的进展与启示 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
高保护价值森林的概念是由国际组织——森林管理委员会(FSC)提出的.FSC在其制定的森林可持续经营认证标准中首先定义了6种高保护价值.高保护价值森林是指具有一种或多种高保护价值的森林区域.高保护价值森林判定的核心在于高保护价值的识别.文中综述了近年来一些国家在高保护价值森林判定领域的进展, 评价和论述了部分国家在开展高保护价值森林判定方面的有益经验和存在的主要问题, 提出了我国开展高保护价值森林判定工作的一些启示. 相似文献
13.
How does forest certification contribute to boreal biodiversity conservation? Standards and outcomes in Sweden and NW Russia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Marine Elbakidze Per AngelstamKjell Andersson Mats NordbergYurij Pautov 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(11):1983-1995
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one of the leading forest certification schemes. While many studies concern political aspects and social outcomes of FSC, little is known about the contribution of certification to biodiversity conservation. In Europe, the Russian Federation and Sweden have the largest areas of FSC-certified forest. We assessed the potential of FSC certification for boreal biodiversity conservation in terms of standard content, and outcomes as habitat area set aside and habitat network functionality. First, we compared the biodiversity conservation indicators at different spatial scales in Swedish and Russian FSC standards. Second, focusing on one large state forest management unit in each country, we compared the areas of formally and voluntarily set aside forests for biodiversity conservation. Third, we evaluated the structural habitat connectivity by applying morphological spatial pattern analysis, and potential functional connectivity by using habitat suitability index modelling for virtual species. The Russian standard included indicators for all spatial scales of biodiversity conservation, from tree and stand to landscape and ecoregions. The Swedish standard focused mainly on stand and tree scales. The area of voluntary set-asides for FSC was similar in Sweden and Russia, while formal protection in the Russian case study was three times higher than in the Swedish one. Swedish set-aside core areas were two orders of magnitude smaller, had much lower structural and potential functional connectivity and were located in a fragmented forestland holding. We conclude that to understand the potential of FSC certification for biodiversity conservation both the standard content, and its implementation on the ground, need to be assessed. We discuss the potential of FSC certification for biodiversity conservation with different levels of ambition. We stress the need for developing rapid assessment tools to evaluate outcomes of FSC for biodiversity conservation on the ground, which could be used by forest managers and FSC-auditors toward adaptive governance and management. 相似文献
14.
Ikuo Ota 《Small-Scale Forestry》2006,5(1):111-125
Yusuhara Forest Owners’ Cooperative (YFOC) in Kochi Prefecture in Japan received its forest management certification from
the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in 2000. YFOC is recognised as the resource manager of its members’ forests, and they
were the first organisation to gain such certification in Japan. With the continuous efforts of selling FSC certified wood
in the domestic housing construction market, YFOC has substantially increased their timber sales in recent years. It is a
noteworthy event in Japanese small-scale forestry, which has been struggling with declining economic performance for many
years. This paper analyses the detail of forestry activities and changes which occurred in YFOC after certification by FSC.
An interesting effect of increasing economic performance is found to have come from an unexpected direction. It is concluded
that the FSC certification system is a possible tool to revitalise Japanese small-scale forestry as well as obtain favourable
environmental outcomes. 相似文献
15.
Alexandra Sasha Nikolaeva Maggi Kelly Kevin L. O’Hara 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2019,38(5):471-485
The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) aims to promote environmentally responsible forest management globally. However, quantifiable evidence of effects of FSC on forest management practices is lacking. FSC has been present in the Russian forestry arena for over 20 years. In this case study, we compare ecological indicators of forest management in FSC-certified and non-certified companies in Primorsky Krai of the Russian Far East. Those indicators include percent of forest cover loss and gain on forest concessions managed by three certified and three non-certified companies. We also interview a range of stakeholders involved with forest management or in forest policy planning in Russia to provide context for this case study. Results indicate no difference between certified and non-certified companies with regard to forest cover loss from 2008 to 2015 or forest cover gain from 2000 to 2012. Stakeholder interviews reveal that while forest certification is viewed positively and considered an efficient mechanism to improve forest management, the stakeholders doubt its ability to stimulate quantifiable changes in forest management practices in Russia and the Far East specifically. We focus on Primorsky Krai because of its unique geographic location, where its neighbors China and Japan significantly influence Primorsky Krai’s export market. 相似文献
16.
Peter Schlyter Ingrid Stjernquist Karin Bäckstrand 《Forest Policy and Economics》2009,11(5-6):375-382
Forest certification can be conceived as one of many rapidly growing non-state market driven (NSMD) modes of governance. The environmental effectiveness of forest certification is oftentimes evaluated by indicators such as stringency of standards, degree of participation by key stakeholders, certified area, etc. In political science, forest certification as an NSMD governance arrangement is usually evaluated in terms of the quality of the decision-making procedures (input legitimacy) rather than for its problem solving capacity, i.e. its environmental performance or effectiveness. We conceptualize environmental effectiveness as a function of a standard's environmental stringency and the area covered by the standard, the latter dependent on the degree of social acceptance. Accordingly, the environmental effectiveness of different certification schemes ought to be evaluated taking both the standard stringency and the area certified into account. The forest certification process in Sweden illustrates how forestry history and regional differences affect the development, acceptance and adoption of different certification schemes. Industrial and Northern forestry owners favour the NGO led Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) standards whereas Southern small-scale private forest owners preferred to develop an alternative scheme the Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). We demonstrate that there is a bifurcated geographical coverage of the two certification schemes along a north–south divide coupled with a similarity in standard stringency and a high degree of acceptance in their different areas of dominance. Both forest certification schemes display a similar degree of environmental effectiveness — but in different parts of the country and for different types of ownership. 相似文献