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1.
【摘要】：目的 探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)对日本血吸虫铁蛋白核酸疫苗抗攻击感染免疫保护力的影响。 方法 以pGEX-5x-3/SjFer为模板，PCR扩增SjFer，以小鼠总RNA为模板RT-PCR扩增GM-CSF。常规方法构建SjFer/pc、GM-CSF-SjFer/pc及GM-CSF/pc。85只雌性供试小鼠随机分为5组，即生理盐水、pcDNA3.0、GM-CSF/pc、SjFer/pc、GM-CSF-SjFer/pc组，每组小鼠17只。于0，2，4周注射纯化质粒50 ug/次到每只小鼠左后肢股四头肌。每次免疫前尾静脉采血收集血清，ELISA检测血清内特异性IgG水平。末次免疫后一周每组随机选5只小鼠无菌取脾，MTT法检测淋巴细胞增殖情况。末次免疫后两周每只经腹部感染(40±1)条尾蚴，45 天后宰杀小鼠，以观察减虫率和减卵率。结果 SjFer/pc和GM-CSF-SjFer/pc均可诱导小鼠血清内特异性IgG水平。SjFer/pc和GM-CSF-SjFer/pc诱导小鼠产生的减虫率分别为36.27 ％和39.22 ％，减卵率分别为36.10 ％和49.04 ％。结论 GM-CSF对SjFer/pc的免疫保护力有增强作用。 相似文献
2.
鉴定SjIR3诱导小鼠抗攻击感染的免疫保护力。根据GenBank中的SjIR3（AY251481）序列设计特异性引物一对，以日本血吸虫cDNA文库为模板PCR扩增SjIR3基因，利用网上生物信息资源对SjIR3基因进行生物信息学分析。常规方法构建重组质粒pET-32a(+)/SjIR3，转化E.coliLB21，IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白SjIR3（rSjIR3），并利用SDS-PAGE及western-blot进行鉴定分析。动物保护试验用动物为昆明小鼠（雌性，20g），44只，随机分4组，每组11只：A组和B组为对照组，分别接种PBS和FCA；C组和D组为试验组，分别于背部多点注射接种50µg rSjIR3和50µg rSjIR3+FCA，免疫程序为0-2-4-8周。末次免疫后2 wK，每只小鼠攻击40±1条尾蚴，45天后剖杀，冲虫，计数减虫率和减卵率。免疫前和感染前尾静脉采血，ELISA检测IgG抗体水平。结果表明SjIR3 PCR扩增产物约为900bp，与GenBank 中的SjIR3（AY251481）100%的同源，为一跨膜蛋白，具有PS50204和SSF69572两个模体（Domain），为泛素样蛋白激酶家族。动物保护试验表明rSjIR3及rSjIR3+FCA免疫小鼠，可诱导产生26.63%、36.38%的减虫率和34.79%、44.09%的减卵率。结论：rSjIR3可诱导小鼠产生部分抗攻击感染的免疫保护力。 相似文献
3.
粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)与生长抑素(SS)融合表达质粒的构建及其对小鼠的免疫效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从猪(Sus scrofa)真核表达质粒pGM-CSF PCR扩增猪粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)基因的编码序列,亚克隆到生长抑素真核表达质粒pcS/2SS中,构建GM-CSF与生长抑素(SS)基因的融合表达质粒pGM-CSF/SS,酶切鉴定和DNA测序证明重组的融合表达质粒pGM-CSF/SS构建正确.选择30只小鼠(Mus musculus),随机分为3组,分别肌肉注射生理盐水(第1组)、pcS/2SS(第2组)和pGM-CSF/SS(第3组),剂量50靏/只,2周后以相同剂量加强免疫1次,研究pGM-CSF/SS对小鼠的免疫效果.结果表明,GM-CSF可增强小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖能力,以pGM-CSF/SS组增殖能力最强,分别比对照组和pcS/2SS提高8.4%(P<0.05).pcS/2SS和pGM-CSF/SS免疫小鼠生长抑素抗体P(阳性)/N(阴性)值均有所提高.且pGM-CSF/SS组P/N值高于pcS/2SS组.生长抑素抗体阳性鼠的比例以pGM-CSF/SS为最高,达60%,pcS/2SS组为30%,对照组没有出现阳性鼠.GM-CSF对生长抑素DNA疫苗有一定的免疫增强作用,可增强小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖能力,提高生长抑素抗体的P/N值. 相似文献
4.
从猪真核表达质粒pGM-CSF通过PCR扩增出猪GM-CSF基因的编码序列,将GM-CSF基因亚克隆到生长抑素真核表达质粒pcS/2SS中,构建GM-CSF与生长抑素(SS)的融合表达质粒pGM-CSF/SS,酶切鉴定和DNA测序证实重组的融合表达质粒pGM-CSF/SS构建正确。选择30只小鼠,随机分为三组,其中1组为对照组,2组和3组分别肌肉注射pcS/2SS和pGM-CSF/SS,研究pGM-CSF/SS对小鼠的免疫效果。结果表明：GM-CSF可增强小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖能力,以pGM-CSF/SS组增殖能力最强,分别比对照组和pcS/2SS提高8.4%（P＜0.05）。肌肉注射pcS/2SS和pGM-CSF/SS免疫小鼠均能有效激发免疫系统,产生较强的免疫应答,与对照组相比,生长抑素抗体P/N值都有所提高,且随着免疫时间的延长,呈现不断增高的趋势;pGM-CSF/SS组P/N在试验的各个时期均高于pcS/2SS组。阳性鼠的比例以肌注pGM-CSF/SS为最高,达60%,pcS/2SS肌注组为30%,对照组没有出现阳性鼠;这些结果证明,GM-CSF对生长抑素DNA疫苗有一定的免疫增强作用,为研究GM-CSF基因对生长抑素DNA疫苗的免疫增强作用提供了理论基础。 相似文献
5.
《南方农业》2017,(12)
目的:了解雏鸡中防治鸡传染性支气管炎时展开橘白颗粒方案的可靠性。方法:选取152只雏鸡作对象,分作4组,A组(37只,施行免疫方案,且不予用药);B组(38只,施予橘白颗粒专业预防措施);C组(37只,施予银黄口服液方案治疗);D组(38只,施予橘白颗粒方案治疗),对四组鸡传染性支气管炎专业防治效果。结果:A组保护率43.24%(16/37),B组是52.63%(20/38),(P0.05);C组治愈率50.00%(15/30),D组是67.86%(19/28),(P0.05);四组的脾脏指数分别是(1.52±0.40)mg/g、(1.35±0.17)mg/g、(1.56±0.42)mg/g、(1.56±0.42)mg/g,且D组脾脏指数比A组、B组及C组高,(P0.05)。结论:对于雏鸡群体展开鸡传染性支气管炎专业防治工作,施行橘白颗粒方案可靠性强,且防治质量优越,推荐选用。 相似文献
6.
摘要：为了研究猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）核酸疫苗,本研究采用重叠延伸PCR（splicing by overlap extension-PCR , SOE-PCR）方法通过一基因柔性接头（linker）(G4S)3将PCV2的ORF2全长基因和猪白介素2的成熟肽基因（PoIL-2）构建成PCV2-linker-PoIL-2嵌合基因并克隆入pGEM-T Easy载体,对阳性重组质粒进行双酶切后回收嵌合基因亚克隆入pcDNA3.1(+)真核表达载体中;筛选阳性重组表达质粒（rpcDNA3.1/PCV2-linker-PoIL-2）瞬时转染COS-7细胞,分别采用PCV2抗原间接免疫荧光试验和PoIL-2蛋白ELISA试验方法检测COS-7细胞中表达的重组融合蛋白(rCap-linker-PoIL-2 )生物学活性;提取rpcDNA3.1/PCV2-linker-PoIL-2免疫Balb/c小鼠,采用PCV2抗体ELISA检测试剂盒检测rpcDNA3.1/PCV2-linker-PoIL-2在小鼠体内的免疫效果,并与只含PCV2 ORF2基因的重组表达质粒pcDNA3.1/OFR2 (rpcDNA3.1/OFR2)进行免疫效果比较。结果表明：成功构建了PCV2-linker-PoIL-2嵌合基因及其pcDNA3.1(+)重组表达质粒;rpcDNA3.1/PCV2-linker-PoIL-2在COS-7细胞内进行了成功表达,表达的rCap-linker-PoIL-2蛋白存在于COS-7细胞的细胞浆内,可与抗PCV2和抗PoIL-2蛋白抗血清发生特异性免疫反应,表明rCap-linker-PoIL-2蛋白具有Cap蛋白和PoIL-2蛋白的双重生物学活性; rpcDNA3.1/PCV2-linker-PoIL-2质粒免疫小鼠后可诱导小鼠产生明显的抗PCV2抗体,且其诱导的抗体水平明显高于rpcDNA3.1/OFR2。本研究为PCV2的核酸疫苗研制奠定了基础。 相似文献
7.
猪传染性胃肠炎(TGE)是由猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)引起的高度接触性传染病.TGEV的S、N基因具有重要的免疫学功能,构建S、N双基因疫苗将能提供更好的免疫效果.本研究用RT-PCR扩增S基因抗原区(2.1 kb,含A、B、C和D完整的抗原位点)和N基因编码区(1.2 kb),分别定向插入双启动子真核表达载体pVAXD的多克隆位点(MCS),构建了单价质粒pVAXD-N和pVAXD-S,然后将N基因插入pVAXD-S中,构建了双启动子真核表达质粒pVAXD-N/S.将pVAXD-N/S与对照组(pVAXD-N、pVAXD-S和pVAXD)转染COS-7细胞进行表达鉴定,用RT-PCR可从pVAXD-N/S转染细胞中扩增出s、N两个目的基因,IFA鉴定结果显示,pvAXD-N/S可同时表达S、N两种目的蛋白.初步的小鼠(Mus musculus)免疫试验结果显示,pVAXD-N/S免疫小鼠后第14天即可检测到抗TGEV的IgG抗体,第35天抗体达最高峰,pVAXD-N/S诱导的抗体水平显著高于单基因质粒组pVAXD-N和pVAXD-S的抗体水平(P＞0.5),与混合质粒(pVAXD-N+pVAXD-S)诱导的抗体水平相当.本研究结果表明,构建的双启动子表达载体pV AXD-N/S具有S、N基因的双重免疫功能,为TGEV新型双基因疫苗研究提供了基础材料. 相似文献
8.
旋耕刀三向工作阻力试验及作业参数优化 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
以普通C型旋耕弯刀为研究对象,分析了影响刀具三向工作阻力的作业因素,确定了刀具弯折角A、刀具幅宽B、耕深C、相位角D、前进速度E等主要试验因素,以单位幅宽工作阻力为试验指标.在试验土槽模拟南方红壤黏土环境,进行L18(37)正交试验,对试验结果进行极差分析、显著性检验、k值分析及线性回归建模.结果表明试验因素对单位幅宽前进阻力影响主次顺序为C、B、D、A、E,其中B和C影响等级相当,A和D影响等级相当,B、C影响具有显著性(P<0.05);对单位幅宽垂直阻力影响主次顺序为A、C、D、B、E,其中A、B、C、D影响等级相当,具有显著性(P<0.05);对单位幅宽侧向阻力影响主次顺序为D、C、A、B、E,其中C、D、A影响等级相当,但不具显著性;综合分析得最优工作组合模型为弯折角120°,刀具幅宽80 mm,耕深80 mm,前进速度0.5 m/s.田间旋耕对比试验表明:采用优化组合模型时,手扶式旋耕机的刀轴转矩、振幅分别降低了12%和21%,整刀磨损量增加,但单位幅宽磨损量却降低了16%,碎土率和耕深稳定系数均有所提高.该研究为降低旋耕机作业能耗、减少刀具磨损及提高机具稳定性提供参考. 相似文献
9.
猪圆环病毒2型ORF2／猪白介素2（POIL-2）嵌合基因真核表达载体的构建、表达及在小鼠体内的免疫效果 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了研究猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus typc 2,PCV2)核酸疫苗,采用重叠延伸PCR(splicing by overlap extension-PCR,SOE-PCR)方法通过--基因柔性接头(linker)(G4S)3,将PCV2的ORF2全长基因和猪白介素2成熟肽基因(PoIL-2)构建成PCV2-linker-PoIL-2嵌合基因并克隆入pcDNA3.1( )真核表达载体中;筛选阳性重组表达质粒(rpcDNA3.1/PCV2-linker-PoIL-2)转染COS-7细胞,分别采用PCV2抗原间接免疫荧光和PoIL-2蛋白ELISA方法检测COS-7细胞中表达的重组融合蛋(rCap-linker-PoIL-2)生物学活性;提取rpcDNA3.1/PCV2-linker-PoIL-2和只含PCV2 ORF2基因的重组表达质粒PcDNA3.1/OFR2(rpcDNA3.1/OFR2)免疫Balb/c小鼠并检测其免疫效果.结果表明,成功构建了PCV2-linker-PoIL-2嵌合基因及其pcDNA3.1( )重组表达质粒;rpcDNA3.1/PCV2-linker-PoIL-2在COS-7细胞浆内进行了表达,表达的rCap-linker-PoIL-2融合蛋白可分别与抗PCV2和抗PoIL-2蛋白抗血清发生特异性免疫反应,表明rCap-linker-PoIL-2蛋白具有Cap和PoIL-2蛋白的双重生物学活性;rpcDNA3.1/PCV2-linker-PoIL-2质粒免疫小鼠后可诱导产生明显的抗PCV2抗体,且其诱导的抗体水平明显高于rpcDNA3.1/OFR2. 相似文献
10.
真核双顺反子表达载体pcDNA3.1AB的构建与表达 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了构建由双CMV启动子调控的真核双顺反子表达载体pcDNA3.1AB,首先在pcDNA3.1(+)的基础上,构建出pcDNA3.1A和pcDNA3.1B,通过PCR扩增pcDNA3.1A上含-PCMV-MCS-BGHpolyA-表达单元的片段,定向克隆入pcDNA3.1B,即得载体pcDNA3.1AB。将DsRed与EGFP基因插入pcDNA3.1AB,分别构建pcDNA-DsRed、pcDNA-EGFP和pcDNA-DsRed-EGFP。质粒转染COS-7细胞瞬时表达,用荧光显微镜进行检测。结果双价质粒pcDNA-DsRed-EGFP能同时表达红色和绿色荧光蛋白基因,两基因表达强度无显著差异,且双价与单价质粒相比荧光蛋白表达强度相当。双顺反子表达载体pcDNA3.1AB的成功构建和表达,为进行基因表达及双价核酸疫苗的研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
14.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
18.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献
20.
Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. 相似文献