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1.
建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法测定克氏原螯虾和养殖水体中双唑草腈残留的方法。以乙腈提取样品中的双唑草腈,水样提取液无需净化,克氏原螯虾提取液经正己烷去脂,采用ESI离子源正离子模式进行扫描测定。结果表明,克氏原螯虾中双唑草腈在0.5、2.5、10μg/kg加标水平下,回收率为83.6%~92.3%,相对标准偏差为7.6%~11.4%(n=6);水样中双唑草腈在0.5、2.5、10μg/L加标水平下,回收率为96.4%~101.3%,相对标准偏差为1.5%~2.8%(n=6)。双唑草腈的质量浓度与其色谱峰面积在0.5~50μg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数R2>0.9998,方法定量限分别为0.5μg/kg(克氏原螯虾)、0.5μg/L(水样)。该方法操作简便、快速,结果稳定,可用于克氏原螯虾和养殖水体中双唑草腈残留的检测。 相似文献
2.
土壤全氮含量反映土壤中氮循环的状况,是评价土壤肥力与土壤资源的一项重要指标。选择黑土和潮土,分别利用元素分析仪(杜马斯催化燃烧法)和全自动凯氏定氮仪(凯氏消煮蒸馏法)测定土壤全氮含量,以揭示两种仪器测定结果的可比性,每个样品每种方法重复测定5次。结果表明:元素分析仪和全自动凯氏定氮仪测定的黑土全氮含量(平均值±标准偏差)分别为(1.37±0.01)g/kg和(1.36±0.01)g/kg,潮土全氮含量分别为(0.75±0.02)g/kg和(0.78±0.03)g/kg,t检测表明,两种仪器测定结果之间无显著性差异。两种仪器土壤全氮测定结果精确度均较高,稳定性较好,相对标准偏差均小于5%。本研究结果可为采用仪器方法测定土壤全氮含量及评价土壤氮库变化提供参考。 相似文献
3.
建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱联用检测牛奶中地塞米松残留的方法。牛奶样品经乙酸乙酯提取,固相萃取柱净化,浓缩过滤后上机测定,标准加入法定量。结果显示,地塞米松在1~50 ng/mL范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数r大于0.999, 3个水平的平均加标回收率为65.7%~85.7%,相对标准偏差小于10%,方法定量限和检出限分别为0.25μg/kg和0.08μg/kg。方法具有安全可靠、分析速度快、稳定性好等优点,可用于测定牛奶中的地塞米松残留。 相似文献
4.
应用间隔流动分析仪测定土壤硝态氮和亚硝态氮含量 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
使用SAN++间隔流动分析仪,研究了测定土壤硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的新方法。结果表明,SAN++间隔流动分析仪在测定土壤中NO-3-N和NO-2-N含量时标准曲线相关系数均在0.999 5以上,检测限分别为N 0.20 mg/kg和20.00μg/kg,回收率在98.0%~101.8%之间,相对标准偏差在0.95%~2.25%之间,具有较高的精密度、准确度。该方法使用2.0 mol/L KCl溶液作为浸提剂,适用于吉林省不同土壤类型,并具有线性范围宽、分析速度快、样品用量少、自动化程度高和同时测定土壤中NO-3-N和NO-2-N等优点。 相似文献
5.
探讨施氮量与灌水上下限对黄秋葵养分吸收的交互作用,为黄秋葵的水肥管理提供理论及参数依据。采用土壤盆栽试验,设置田间持水量的45%~55%即45%~55% FC(W1)、35%~65% FC(W2)、25%~75% FC(W3) 3种灌水上下限及0 kg/hm2(N0)、110 kg/hm2(N1)、330 kg/hm2(N2) 3个氮水平,观测不同施氮量和灌水上下限对黄秋葵生长发育、生理响应及养分吸收的影响。结果表明,相同施氮水平下,黄秋葵不同器官生物量、果实产量、灌溉水分生产率及氮磷钾养分积累量以W1最高。相同灌水上下限,黄秋葵不同器官生物量、果实产量、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、灌溉水分生产率及氮肥偏生产力以N1最高,各处理之间差异显著。水、氮之间表现显著的互作效应,N1W1处理的黄秋葵总生物量、果实产量、灌溉水分生产率和氮肥偏生产力最高,分别为446.4 g、201.3 g、6.9 g/kg和108.7 kg/kg,显著高于最低处理N2W3(190.3 g、64.9 g、2.4 g/kg和11.7 kg/kg),分别提高了57.4%、67.8%、65.2%和89.2%。综合分析表明,高氮高水处理(N2W3)显著降低黄秋葵产量及水肥利用效率,黄秋葵产量、灌溉水分生产率及养分吸收综合体现的最优模式为110 kg/hm2的施氮量、45%~55%FC的灌水上下限(N1W1),此研究可为丰富黄秋葵高产栽培提供理论依据。 相似文献
6.
《农产品质量与安全》2015,(1)
本文研究了酸度、KBH4浓度、载气流速、基体改进剂等条件对荧光信号强度的影响,建立了氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定茶珍中微量As和Pb的方法。结果表明,在优化实验条件下,测定方法对As和Pb的检出限分别为0.024和0.83μg/L,相对标准偏差分别为0.734%和2.063%(As4μg/L,Pb2μg/L,n=11),二者加标回收率分别为As 89%~102%,Pb 91%~109%。该方法具有操作简便、快速、灵敏度高等优点,可用于茶珍中微量As和Pb的测定。 相似文献
7.
基于工业分析指标的生物质秸秆热值模型构建 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为了探讨利用生物质秸秆工业分析指标预测生物质秸秆热值的可行性,建立高、低位热值的预测模型,采集了油菜、小麦、玉米和水稻4种不同作物秸秆总计172个样品,这4种作物秸秆的数量分别为31、36、86和19,按照美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）的标准方法分别测定样本的水分、挥发分、灰分和固定碳等工业分析指标,采用IKA C2000型量热仪测定热值。通过数据统计分析,挥发分和固定碳对热值有极显著的正相关性,而灰分对热值有极显著的负相关,并且水分、挥发分、灰分和固定碳等4项指标之间存在严重的共线性。利用主成分回归方法建立高、低位热值预测模型效果最优,高位热值预测模型的决定系数R2为0.91,预测值标准差SEP为0.20 kJ/g,相对标准差RSD为1.25%;低位热值预测模型的决定系数R2为0.91,预测值标准差SEP为0.20 kJ/g,相对标准差RSD为1.33%。并用20个样品对预测模型进行了外部验证,高位热值和低位热值预测值标准差SEP分别为0.18 kJ/g和0.19 kJ/g,相对标准差RSD分别为1.09%和1.29%,取得较理想的预测结果。试验结果表明,主成分回归方法建立的基于工业分析指标的生物质秸秆热值预测模型可以较准确地预测生物质秸秆热值,利用生物质秸秆工业分析指标预测生物质秸秆热值是可行的,该研究可为生物质秸秆能源化利用提供参考。 相似文献
8.
为有效测定土壤中土霉素残留量,建立了固相萃取－高效液相色谱法提取以及测定潮土、红壤、紫色土中土霉素残留量的方法。土壤中土霉素残留经提取缓冲溶液进行有效提取,经过DVB固相萃取小柱纯化、无水甲醇洗脱和氮气流浓缩后,经HPLC测定。对提取缓冲液、流动相以及流动相pH值、有机相与无机相的比例以及流速等测定条件进行优化研究。结果表明：提取液为Na2EDTA-Mcllvaine,流动相为乙腈∶0.01mol/L磷酸二氢钠（pH值2.5,V∶V=10∶90）,温度25℃,流速1.2ml/min,检测波长350nm对3种不同性质的土壤中土霉素残留量的测定最为合适。应用本方法进行土壤中土霉素残留量的测定,土霉素含量与峰面积具有良好的线性关系,相关系数（n=9）分别为红壤0.997,紫色土0.995,潮土0.987;检出限分别为红壤0.11mg/kg,紫色土0.17mg/kg,潮土0.09mg/kg;回收率(n=18)分别为红壤80.7%~128.8%,紫色土70.5%~100.0%,潮土61.5%~103.9%;相对标准偏差(RSD, n=18)分别为红壤7.1%~28.2%,紫色土11.9%~38.1%,潮土4.1%~17.0％。本方法简便、准确,适合于测定不同土壤中土霉素残留量,结果可靠。 相似文献
9.
采用气相色谱(GC-NPD)分析技术测定除草剂阿灭净在菠萝与土壤中的残留及消解动态结果表明,GC-NPD方法的最小检出量为0.0232ng,菠萝及土壤的最小检出浓度分别为0.002mg/kg和0.005mg/kg,GC-NPD方法回收率分别为87.23%~92.10%和88.80%~93.77%。喷施阿灭净80%WP4800g(a.i/)hm2,处理检测出菠萝与土壤中原始沉积量分别为0.1448~0.1646mg/kg和3.3318~3.5536mg/kg,消解半衰期分别为29.17~29.45d和25.75~30.68d,按阿灭净用量4800g(a.i/)hm2施药菠萝1次,间隔期为10d,菠萝果实残留量2年分别为0.1646mg/kg和0.1448mg/kg,参照欧共体的MRL值0.2mg/kg,按上述阿灭净剂量方法施用菠萝是安全的。 相似文献
10.
《农产品质量与安全》2014,(2)
本文建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)联用技术测定饲料中康力龙的检测方法。饲料样品经乙醇提取,Waters Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化后,液质联用仪测定,基质标准曲线校正。结果表明,康力龙在0.5ng/mL~20 ng/mL内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,饲料样品在0.05 mg/kg~500 mg/kg添加浓度范围内,其回收率为76.7%~104.5%,批内、批间相对标准偏差均20%,检测限为20μg/kg,定量限为50μg/kg。该方法适用于饲料中康力龙的测定。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
20.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献