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分析1 a 生火炬松（Pinus taeda）幼苗施复合肥前后氨基酸含量变化,筛选出含量变化较大的3种氨基酸,设置3种氨基酸不同浓度组合,采用土壤施肥和叶面喷施,通过方差分析及 Duncan 多重比较检验,筛选出合适火炬松的氨基酸浓度组合和施肥方法。结果表明：（1）施用复合肥前后氨基酸含量变化较大的有9种,其中缬氨酸、组氨酸、天冬酰胺含量较大,且均为水溶性氨基酸;（2）总整体来看,芭田复合肥对苗木的生长促进效果不如氨基酸施肥;（3）采用土壤施肥,缬氨酸0.192 g/L+组氨酸0.163 g/L+天冬酰胺0.309 g/L 对苗高和生物量的促进效果最好;采用叶面喷施,缬氨酸0.256 g/L+组氨酸0.163 g/L+天冬酰胺0.412 g/L 对苗高和生物量的促进效果最好;（4）在5项生长量指标测定中,叶面喷施的指标值大部分高于土壤施肥。综上所述,对火炬松幼苗生长促进效果最优的施肥方式为叶面喷施缬氨酸0.256 g/L+组氨酸0.163 g/L+天冬酰胺0.412 g/L。 相似文献
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对四叶菜中蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸和无机元素等进行了测定。结果表明，四叶菜中含有１６种氨基酸，其中７种为人体必需氨基酸，占总氨基酸含量的３７．７１×１０＾－２；含有１６种无机元素，其中铁、镁、锌等９种具有重要营养价值和生理及临床意义的必需微量元素，四叶菜具有较好的营养保健作用。 相似文献
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《林业科学》2017,(3)
【目的】为了从分子水平上揭示美国白蛾飞行能力的机制,利用基因组编辑技术对翅形成相关基因Wnt-1进行功能研究。【方法】根据美国白蛾的基因组和转录组信息设计引物,克隆得到HcWnt-1基因CDS区全长,利用在线软件分析HcWNT-1蛋白的结构特征;通过RT-PCR确定该基因在其生长发育过程中的时间表达模式,并通过免疫组化方法确定HcWNT-1蛋白的时空表达模式;通过CRISPR/Cas9技术对HcWnt-1基因进行编辑,观察胚胎期突变体表型和基因型特点,利用直接PCR和阳性克隆测序检测HcWnt-1基因突变。【结果】HcWnt-1基因核苷酸序列大小为1 221 bp,编码407个氨基酸,HcWNT-1蛋白含有螺旋-转角-螺旋DNA结合基序和24个保守的半胱氨酸残基,并且高度保守的Motif分散分布于整个序列。转录水平和翻译水平验证表明:美国白蛾HcWnt-1基因在胚胎早期高表达,且其表达水平随着体节分化和附肢发育而呈时序性变化;24 h时,早期胚带形成,转录水平出现第1个表达高峰,HcWNT-1蛋白表达主要集中于原头区;随着胚胎的发育,HcWnt-1基因表达水平逐渐下降,HcWNT-1蛋白表达沿着前后体轴由头部向尾部逐渐延伸;在144 h,转录水平出现第2个表达高峰,HcWNT-1蛋白表达主要集中于附肢。美国白蛾HcWnt-1基因的突变造成了胚胎期99.8%的个体死亡(注射1 000头),突变率为62.5%,PCR测序结果显示2个靶点之间存在片段删除,最大删除片段为423 bp;大部分突变体不能形成胚胎,少数能形成胚胎的个体体节形成异常和附肢发育受阻。【结论】美国白蛾胚胎发育类型符合短胚带和中间胚带型;CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术可以对美国白蛾基因组进行高效编辑,可为林业以及非模式害虫基因功能研究提供理论支持;HcWnt-1基因敲除影响美国白蛾体节分化和附肢形成,说明该基因对于美国白蛾胚胎发育至关重要。此外,HcWnt-1突变造成美国白蛾胚胎期死亡,可作为未来美国白蛾遗传防治的靶标基因。 相似文献
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MYB类转录因子是一类包含一段保守的DNA结合结构域的基因家族,广泛地参与植物发育和植物次生代谢的调节。根据前期芯片杂交和文库筛选得到的2个MYB转录因子的部分序列,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术分离得到它们的全长基因:CsMYB1和CsMYB2,在GenBank的登录号分别为HQ660373和HQ660374。序列分析表明:CsMYB1基因全长1132bp,开放阅读框长879bp,编码292个氨基酸,推测的蛋白分子量约为32.9ku,理论等电点为8.13;CsMYB2基因全长1020bp,其中开放阅读框长675bp,编码224个氨基酸,推测的蛋白分子量约为25.4ku,理论等电点为9.05。2个基因编码的蛋白均具有明显的R2R3MYB结构域,且在R3结构域的下游都含有1个相对保守的C1(LIXXGIDPXTHR)基序。同源性分析表明:茶树CsMYB1和CsMYB2编码的氨基酸序列与其他植物的MYB类转录因子具有较高的相似性,其中CsMYB1编码的氨基酸序列与陆地棉MYB1的相似性为57%,CsMYB2编码的氨基酸序列与葡萄MYBC2的相似性为75%。利用荧光定量PCR技术检测2个转录因子基因在遮荫处理条件下的表达规律,及其在茶树不同组织中的表达特性,结果表明:CsMYB1和CsMYB2在不同组织中均有表达,但表达量具有明显区别,其中CsMYB2在叶片中的相对表达量是根中的100多倍;而遮荫处理能明显降低叶片中的花青素含量,并提高CsMYB1的表达,但对转录因子CsMYB2的影响不大。 相似文献
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通过生物信息学手段,对毛竹GRF(Growth-regulating factors, GRFs)转录因子基因家族成员展开研究。主要包括对毛竹转录因子家族成员的鉴定,基本信息的分析,进化分析,基因结构分析,保守基序分析,保守结构域分析,以及在不同组织中的表达分析。一共鉴定了18条毛竹GRF转录因子。根据拟南芥、水稻的系统进化树分析,将毛竹GRF转录因子划分为6个家族。利用Gene structure、NCBI和MEME在线分析软件,发现毛竹GRF转录因子的基因结构和氨基酸序列较为保守。表达量分析发现GRF转录因子普遍在花中表达丰度最高,其次在竹笋侧芽中表达丰度较高,而在叶片中表达量较低,表明GRF转录因子在毛竹花发育以及笋尖生长发育过程中发挥着重要的作用。 相似文献
7.
【目的】花青素苷是梅花花色形成的重要色素,R2R3-MYB是花青素苷合成调控的关键转录因子。从梅花中分离出1个R2R3-MYB调控因子PmMYB1,通过分析其序列特征并转入烟草进行功能鉴定,为探明梅花花青素苷合成调控机理及今后梅花花色分子育种奠定基础。【方法】根据梅花基因组数据设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法从梅花花瓣中分离PmMYB1基因,利用DNAMAN软件预测氨基酸序列,通过多序列比对和系统进化树构建分析其保守序列并进行功能预测,通过构建表达载体将PmMYB1基因转入烟草,分析转基因烟草的表型及花青素苷含量的变化,并利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术测定该基因及烟草内源花青素苷合成通路基因在转基因植株不同器官中的表达量,综合分析以上数据鉴定PmMYB1基因的功能。【结果】从梅花中分离得到全长为729 bp具有完整编码区的PmMYB1基因序列,该序列编码242个氨基酸。序列分析表明该蛋白具有保守的MYB结构域及花青素苷调控MYB蛋白特征基序,并且含有与bHLH转录因子相互作用的保守基序,可能需要bHLH蛋白协同表达共同完成花青素苷的合成调控。多序列比对和进化分析结果显示PmMYB1与其他已鉴定功能的花青素苷调控MYB蛋白有很高的同源性,其中与樱桃李的PcMYB10和欧洲甜樱桃的PaMYB10一致性分别为92%和91%。转基因烟草试验表明过表达PmMYB1基因显著提高了转基因植株花冠中花青素苷的含量(P0.05),使其花冠颜色明显加深,实时荧光定量RT-PCR试验结果表明PmMYB1基因在转基因植株花中表达量高于叶中,过表达PmMYB1基因明显上调了烟草花中7个内源花青素苷合成通路结构基因NtCHS、NtCHI、NtF3H、NtF3′H、NtDFR、NtANS、NtUFGT及2个调控基因NtAn1a和NtAn1b的表达量。【结论】在烟草中过表达PmMYB1基因能够显著上调转基因植株花中内源花青素苷合成通路结构基因和调控基因的表达,从而促进了其花中花青素苷的积累并导致花色加深,表明该基因在花青素苷合成过程中起重要调控作用。 相似文献
8.
板栗脂质转运蛋白基因的克隆及表达 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用RACE技术从板栗短雄花序突变体中扩增得到660bp的板栗脂质转运蛋白(lipid transfer protein,LTP)cDNA片段。该cDNA编码118个氨基酸,具有8个位置保守的半胱氨酸(C)残基及26个氨基酸的信号肽,它与棉花、草莓脂质转运蛋白氨基酸序列相似性为63%,基因序列已提交数据库(GenBank),其登录号分别为FJ490676(基因)和ACL01093(蛋白)。荧光定量分析表明板栗短雄花序突变体较正常雄花序的脂质转运蛋白表达量更高。将板栗脂质转运蛋白基因插入到硫氧还蛋白融合表达载体pET32a(+)中,构建了板栗的原核表达载体pET-LTP,在大肠杆菌菌株Rosetta-gamiTM2(DE3)中,IPTG诱导5h大量表达约为30ku的融合蛋白,通过Ni2+-chelating sepharose fast flow柱纯化的融合蛋白具有抑制板栗镰刀菌属病原真菌孢子萌发的功能。 相似文献
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利用RT-PCR方法,首次由小叶杨受热激胁迫后构建的cDNA文库中扩增获得一热激转录因子HsfAldcDNA克隆,测序结果表明克隆的PsHsfAld cDNA片段总长为2 036 bp,基因内部含有完整的开放阅读框架,大小为1 449 bp,可编码长度为482个氨基酸残基的蛋白质,所推导的蛋白质氨基酸序列在HSF DBD结构功能域与拟南芥AtHsfAld和水稻OsHsfAl蛋白的相似性分别为86.3%和87.4%.组织特异性Realtime-PCR结果显示,Ps HsfAld主要在杨树叶片和根部组织中高丰度表达.非生物胁迫、激素及糖诱导表达表明,PsHsfAld不仅受高温、干旱与盐诱导表达,还受到激素中GA3与ABA,及葡萄糖与蔗糖信号的上调表达.组合利用MEGA4.0和DnaSP4.50.7软件对小叶杨36株基因型个体的PsHsfAld序列进行比对和分析,共检测到207个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,SNP频率为1/16 bp,多样性指数π为0.007 72.在编码区域,共检测到69个SNP位点,其中37个为同义突变,31个为错义突变,1个为无义突变;非同义突变与同义突变的比率0.132＜1,推测在小叶杨物种演化过程中,纯化选择是该基因内同义SNP位点主要的进化驱动力. 相似文献
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利用生物信息学的方法,对有代表性的23个调控植物木质素生物合成的转录因子进行系统发育树和保守基序分析,同时结合已报道的转录因子功能,构建维管植物次生细胞壁生物合成的调控遗传网络。结果表明:系统发育树中MYB转录因子、NAC转录因子和NtLIM转录因子各聚为一类。保守基序中除PttMYB21a外,MYB转录因子都具有2个不相同的MYB DNA结合域SANT基序;NAC转录因子都具有共同的保守基序NAM。调控遗传网络中11个转录调控模块通过调控自身/下游转录因子/包含AC元件的木质素单体途径基因/不包含AC元件的木质素单体途径基因对次生细胞壁生物合成产生影响。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献