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测定广西本地转化培育和从湖南引进的28个杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)无性系试验林17年和21年生的生长量,结合这些无性系试验林7年和9年生时的测定数据进行对比分析,结果显示:参试无性系生长量存在显著的遗传差异;随着林龄的增长,生长性状的差异均呈逐渐增大的趋势。试验林17年生的生长表现与21年生时显著相关,表明杉木无性系在17年生或更早林龄阶段时已可进行决选。根据决选结果,运用3类聚类法进行的杉木优良无性系早期选择,参试无性系9年生时进行选择比7年生的选对率提高了24.0%。相对于对照无性系,7个优良无性系的材积增益在15%以上。 相似文献
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广东省杉木无性系选育研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
广东省杉木无性系选育协作组 《广东林业科技》2003,19(3):1-5
对广东省 16块 6～ 10年生的杉木无性系试验林生长进行分析 ,结果表明 :生长性状方差分析 ,无性系间生长量差异达显著水平以上的试验林占 88.2 % ,各试验林最优无性系与最劣无性系的材积比值介于1.9～ 6 1.9之间 ,差异极显著 ;无性系树高、胸径和材积的重复力分别为 0 .6 5 3,0 .6 5 1和 0 .6 17,属于中上水平 ;遗传变异系数 ,材积 >胸径 >树高。当选择率为 0 .0 5 ,0 .10 ,0 .2 0时 ,材积的遗传增益依次为 4 9.86 % ,4 2 36 % ,33.88% ,现实增益依次为 10 5 .11% ,88.71% ,71.0 9% ,现实增益为遗传增益的两倍。按选择标准选择 ,有 78个无性系入选 ,入选率为 8.1% ,其树高、胸径、单株材积的平均增益分别为 2 5 .16 % ,31.2 6 %和93.90 %。无性系早期 (3～ 5年生 )选择至 6～ 10年生时的选准率为 6 3.5 %。 相似文献
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黑杨派无性系生长与材性联合选择 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用 9年生黑杨派 10个无性系试验林材料进行了生长与材性等 14个性状的遗传分析及选择研究。方差分析、遗传参数估测表明 ,无性系间 14个性状差异均达极显著水平 ,各性状无性系重复力在 0 85 2～ 0 987。说明这些无性系在多个性状上存在广泛遗传差异 ,并且这种差异受较强的遗传控制 ,从中进行多性状遗传改良是可行的。经多性状主成分分析和聚类分析 ,选出卡帕茨、5 0杨、I 6 9三个综合性状表现优良的无性系 ,其中卡帕茨为新选无性系 ,在该试验林中生长量最高 ,材积超I 2 14杨 6 9 7%、超中林 4 6杨 7 9% ,且材质优良 ,适宜推广应用 相似文献
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对来源于湖南省的38个杉木无性系在广西柳州市21年生试验林各生长性状进行了调查与分析,发现中林龄杉木无性系间的胸径、树高、单株材积及树冠指标生长量均存在显著或极显著的差异;无性系树高、胸径、材积、枝下高、冠长及冠幅等性状重复力为58.65%87.19%,均达50%以上,表现为中等以上重复力,说明杉木无性系生长性状及树冠性状具有较高的遗传稳定性;无性系生长性状胸径、树高及材积与树冠性状冠长、冠幅均呈显著或极显著正相关;从38个供试杉木无性系中筛选出88号、68号、300号等3个优良杉木无性系,单株材积分别达0.494 8、0.438 9、0.412 9 m3,较优良种源、改良代种子园种子及优良家系组成的5个实生对照平均值分别高出43.59%、27.37%和19.82%。 相似文献
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[目的]为评价和选育优良楸树(Catalpa bungei C. A. Mey)无性系。[方法]本研究利用32个楸树无性系7年的生长测定数据,以分析其生长规律及早期生长过程。对各无性系的单株材积生长进行Logistic拟合回归分析。在此基础上,分析不同指标间的相关性并对32个无性系进行聚类分析。[结果]楸树无性系在不同年份(1 a除外)胸径、树高、单株材积差异极显著,说明楸树无性系间变异丰富。楸树单株材积变异系数最大(7.84%～35.56%),胸径次之(11.89%～17.29%),树高最低(6.91%～10.87%),无性系单株材积改良潜力较大。同时生长后期单株材积(0.75)和胸径(0.82)保持较高的重复力,意味楸树单株材积受遗传控制较强。利用无性系单株材积生长平均值,拟合了楸树无性系单株材积生长曲线的Logistic模型,估算的生长参数在无性系间具有较大差异。楸树无性系7年生单株材积平均年生长量呈"S"型曲线生长趋势,而连年生长量先上升后下降,在第5年达到高峰,截止到本次调查时还未达到数量成熟。相关性分析显示:楸树无性系单株材积生长量与最大生长速率(MGR)、线性生长速率(LGR)、线性生长量(LGI)极显著正相关。聚类分析结果表明:供试的32个楸树无性系分为4大类,其中第I类的楸树单株材积生长总量较大,且具有较强的后期生长潜力。[结论]不同楸树无性系的遗传变异丰富, 1-1、22-07、19-01、16-05、16-01、16-07等6个无性系生长潜力较高,可作为楸树的优良无性系进行推广。 相似文献
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本文对9个尾叶桉、巨尾桉、尾巨桉无性系0.5~2.5年生试验林生长率、差异性及林分直径结构分析,发现林龄0.5~1.5 a是无性系树高生长高峰期,此时树高生长率达79.20%~96.27%,是林龄1.5~2.5 a树高生长率的3~4倍;林龄1.5~2.5 a时,各无性系林分胸径、树高、单株材积生长率分别为19.66%~25.67%、18.58%~27.96%、52.57%~62.54%,生长率最大的是E7号无性系(胸径、单株材积)和E6号无性系(树高);秩次相关分析表明：各无性系胸径、单株材积生长量在不同林龄时排序变动不大,而无性系树高生长量排序在不同林龄时变动较大;差异性分析表明：无性系间胸径、树高、单株材积生长差异显著,但随林龄增加有差异减小趋势;林龄2.5年生时,E5号无性系胸径、单株材积生长量最大,分别达11.39 cm、0.0736 m3;各无性系林分树木径阶范围为6~14 cm或8~14 cm,以10 cm或12 cm径阶树木占最大比例,除E8号无性系外,其余8个无性系树木径阶分布总体上近似正态分布。 相似文献
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马尾松无性系种子园半同胞子代变异分析和家系选择 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
以福建省漳平五一林场马尾松无性系种子园自由授粉子代半同胞家系为研究对象,分析其树高、胸径、材积、冠幅、通直度、高径比、冠径比、木材基本密度、管胞长度和宽度、管胞长宽比等性状,发现家系间除管胞长宽比性状差异显著,其余性状均达差异极显著,暗示着马尾松种子园半同胞家系间存在较为丰富的变异,具选育潜力。8年生林分内各性状的家系遗传力以树高性状为最高(0·691),其次是木材基本密度(0·640)。各性状间的相关性分析结果表明,生长量性状的改良可间接改善通直度,且生长量性状与木材基本密度存在显著正相关关系,木材基本密度与管胞长度和宽度不相关。采用10%入选率,发现5年生林分和8年生林分入选家系一致,材积遗传增益分别达19·74%和19·23%,且5年生林分和8年生林分生长量性状的遗传相关极显著,认为马尾松制浆造纸材短轮伐期的初选年龄可确定为5年生;根据性状遗传力的相对大小和典型相关分析的结果,认为马尾松家系选择可适当注重树高生长量指标。以树高和材积为选择指标,按照10%入选率,兼顾材性和种子园内无性系的开花结实情况,筛选出制浆造纸材短轮伐期优良家系12个。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献