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Min pig is a local pig breed in Northeast China. It has been well-adapted to the local cold weather,but few genes related to its environmental adaptation have been studied. For studies about environmental adaptation of Min pig on molecular level,it is important to have proper reference genes for quantification of gene expression by quantitative Real-time PCR. In this study,12 reference genes (B2M,ACTB,RPL11,RPL4,YWHAZ,GAPDH,HPRT1,SDHA,HMBS,IDH3B,TUBB2B and TBP1) were evaluated for their potential as the reference gene in Min pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells under different temperatures. Blood samples were collected from 3 Min pigs which were under -25,5,10 and 30℃,respectively. Mononuclear cells were separated using density gradient centrifugation. Statistical algorithms including geNorm,Normfinder and BestKeeper were employed to assess the stabilities of these genes. Analysis of geNorm and Normfinder revealed that all these 12 genes were highly stable. However,ACTB,GAPDH,SDHA,HPRT1,TBP1 and YWHAZ genes (SD<1) were found to be more stable than other six genes (SD>1),of which TBP1 was the most stable one using BestKeeper program. To summarize,ACTB,GAPDH,SDHA,HPRT1, TBP1 and YWHAZ genes were suitable to be the reference genes,with TBP1 was the best one. 相似文献
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民猪是能够适应东北地区寒冷环境的地方猪种,但目前对其环境适应性相关基因的研究较少,也没有确定适合此研究所需的实时荧光定量PCR的内参基因。因此,本试验通过研究常用的12个内参基因（B2M、ACTB、RPL11、RPL4、YWHAZ、GAPDH、HPRT1、SDHA、HMBS、IDH3B、TUBB2B和TBP1）在不同环境温度下民猪外周血单核细胞中的表达稳定性,旨在确定合适的内参基因进行相关研究。分别在-25、5、10和30℃采集3头民猪耳静脉血分离出单核细胞,利用geNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper 3种软件分析12个候选内参基因的Ct值,筛选出表达稳定的基因作为内参基因。经geNorm和NormFinder计算获得各候选基因的M值发现,12个候选基因的表达均相对稳定,而BestKeeper的分析则显示ACTB、GAPDH、SDHA、HPRT1、TBP1、YWHAZ基因的SD值均<1,可用作本研究条件下的内参基因,而另外6个基因SD值则>1,不符合作为内参基因的标准。综合3种分析的结果,在本研究条件下,TBP1基因的稳定性最高,ACTB、GAPDH、SDHA、HPRT1和YWHAZ基因也符合作为内参基因的标准,都可研究在不同环境温度下民猪外周血单核细胞中基因表达时作为内参基因。 相似文献
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Wood SH Clements DN McEwan NA Nuttall T Carter SD 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,126(3-4):392-395
Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) facilitates the quantification of mRNA expression. Accurate qPCR analysis of gene expression requires the normalisation of data using a reference or housekeeping gene which is expressed at a similar level in all tissues tested. GAPDH is the most well known and most widely used reference gene but many papers have demonstrated that it is not stably expressed in different tissues. The aim of this study was to measure reference gene stability in canine skin using real-time qPCR. Skin samples from healthy control dogs (n=7) and dogs with atopic dermatitis (lesional skin n=7 and non-lesional skin n=7) were used to quantify seven reference genes (IMP, CG14980, S7, HIRA, GAPDH, RPL13A and SDHA) in canine whole skin. Three different statistical programs (Bestkeeper, GeNorm and Normfinder) were used to assess the stability of the reference genes. The results confirmed that GAPDH is not a stably expressed reference gene in canine skin; this finding may influence interpretation of previous qPCR studies on canine skin using this as a reference gene. RPL13A and CG14980 were found to be the most stably expressed genes in canine whole skin and would be more suitable as reference genes in future studies. 相似文献
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鹿茸组织中内参基因的筛选和验证 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为筛选在不同生长时期鹿茸组织中稳定表达的内参基因,试验以不同生长时期(分别为脱盘后10、20、40和60 d)的鹿茸组织为材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)方法分析甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)、β2-微球蛋白(B2M)、还原型辅酶Ⅰ(NADH)、60S 核糖体蛋白L40(RPL40)、谷胱甘肽还原酶7(GPx)和β肌动蛋白(ACTB)6个看家基因的表达情况,并运用 geNorm和NormFinder 两个程序综合分析6个看家基因的表达稳定性.结果显示,GAPDH、ACTB、RPL40表达稳定性较好,可用作鹿茸基因表达研究的内参基因,而NADH和GPx的稳定性最差,不适合作内参基因.通过对鹿茸生长相关基因(ANXA5、HSP27、PRD2、CRABP1、LGALS1)表达分析,进一步验证了上述结果,并且发现这5种基因均在脱盘后10 d的鹿茸组织中高表达.该研究结果为鹿茸快速生长及骨化相关基因的研究奠定了一定基础. 相似文献
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Identification and validation of housekeeping genes as internal control for gene expression in an intravenous LPS inflammation model in chickens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
De Boever S Vangestel C De Backer P Croubels S Sys SU 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,122(3-4):312-317
Real-time PCR has become a powerful tool for the detection of inflammatory parameters, including cytokines. Reference or housekeeping genes are used for the normalization of real-time RT-PCR results. In order to obtain reliable results, the stability of these housekeeping genes needs to be determined. In this study the stability of five genes, including beta-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), hypoxanthine phophoribosyl-transferase (HPRT), ubiquitin (UB) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), was determined in a lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in chickens. beta-Actin appeared to be the most stable single gene in our model. Because the use of a single gene for normalization can lead to relatively large errors, the use of the geometric mean of multiple reference genes or normalization factor is preferred. The most stable combination for gene expression analysis in this lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in chickens is G6PDH and UB, since their correlation coefficients were 0.953 and 0.969, respectively (BestKeeper) and an M value of 0.34 and a low V(2/3) value of 0.155 (geNorm) were obtained. The use of HPRT and GAPDH should be avoided. The stable housekeeping genes, G6PDH and UB together, can be used to normalize the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in chickens. 相似文献
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Robinson TL Sutherland IA Sutherland J 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,115(1-2):160-165
Accurate quantification with real-time PCR requires the use of stable endogenous controls. Recently, there has been much debate concerning the stability of commonly used reference or housekeeping genes. To address this concern, a number of statistical approaches have been designed to analyse data and assist in determining the most appropriate reference genes for experimental comparisons. In this study, three programs, BestKeeper, Norm Finder, and geNorm were used to assess four candidate reference genes: 18S rRNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), acidic ribosomal protein large (RPLP0) and beta-actin, for use in expression profiling of individuals from divergent cattle genotypes subject to parasitic challenge with the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Results demonstrated beta-actin and GAPDH were the most suitable reference genes in blood and could be used either individually or combined as an index to normalise data. RPLP0 was identified as the least stable gene, while 18S rRNA was omitted as being too highly expressed. As the recommendations on the most suitable reference genes varied between the programs, it is recommended that more than one should be utilised, to ensure the most robust experimental tools are selected. 相似文献
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分别以1日龄健康籽鹅肝脏、肾脏、心脏、肌肉和卵巢为研究对象,应用实时定量RT-PCR技术,探讨28SrRNA、18SrRNA、GAPDH、ACT、HPRT1、SDH和TUB等7个内参基因mRNA的表达水平。经过geNorm和NormFinder程序分析,结果显示7个内参基因稳定度由高到低依次为GAPDH=HRPT1〉28SrRNA〉TUB〉SDH〉ACT〉18SrRNA;基因表达的稳定值分别为0.215（GAPDH）,0.215（HRPT1）,0.339（28SrRNA）,0.471（TUB）,0.721（SDH）,0.888（ACT）,1.177（18SrRNA）;表明GAPDH和HRPT1这2个内参基因适合用于目的基因表达的校正。 相似文献
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Poonam Yadav Arpana Verma Dheer Singh Sachinandan De Tirtha Kumar Datta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(6):e88-e91
The present study was aimed to validate expression stability of 6 housekeeping genes (viz. YWHAZ, SDHA, GAPDH, RPS15, RPS18 and RN18S1) in the oocytes and embryos of different stages in buffalo. A modified Trizol protocol was optimized for RNA isolation from as few as five oocytes. The expression level of selected genes was studied by an optimized real time PCR using DCT method and their stability of expression was evaluated by Microsoft Excel based visual application, geNORM. The analysis revealed that the RPS15 and GAPDH were the most stable genes across different samples. Also, the geometric mean of three genes (i.e. RPS15, RPS18 and GAPDH) were found suitable for normalization of real time PCR data from buffalo oocytes/embryos. The information would help in more accurate interpretation of gene expression data from oocytes/embryos towards understanding the molecular events in these cells during development. 相似文献
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Measurement of mRNA expression by real-time RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) has proven to be an important and powerful tool for the investigation of the pathogenesis of inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases in many species. This methodology has proven particularly valuable in the dog, a species for which there are currently few specific antibodies for measurement of relevant proteins. Internal control (housekeeper) mRNAs are widely used for normalisation of QRT-PCR results. The validation and use of multiple internal control mRNAs for increased accuracy of normalisation has been described for humans and rodents. The aims of this study were to develop QRT-PCR assays for 11 potential internal control mRNAs in the dog (ACTB, B(2)M, G3PDH, HMBS, HPRT1, RPL13A, RPL32, RPS18, SDHA, TBP and YWAZ) and validate their use with bone marrow, colon, duodenum, heart, kidney, liver, lung, lymph node, skeletal muscle, pancreas, spleen and stomach from seven dogs. Endoscopic biopsies of the superficial duodenal mucosa were also obtained from nine dogs suffering from chronic gastro-oesophageal disease. The most stably expressed genes varied in the tissues examined. RPL13A and RPL32 (both components of the 60S ribosomal subunit) were the most stably expressed genes in the majority of the tissues examined, whereas ACTB and B(2)M were the least stable. Distinct internal control genes were shown to be most appropriate for use in full-thickness versus superficial mucosal biopsies of the duodenum. The results of this study indicate that there are no universal control genes for gene expression studies in canine tissues. It is important to use multiple internal control genes based upon a survey of potential control genes applied to representative samples from different disease groups, culture conditions and/or time points in an experimental study. 相似文献
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为了筛选在牛骨骼肌卫星细胞（MSCs）分化前后稳定表达以及不受MSTN基因表达影响的内参基因,试验以野生组（WT）、转染干扰MSTN组（si-MSTN）和对照组（NC-MSTN）的牛MSCs作为样品,选取HMBS、B2M、GAPDH、TUBB、SDHA、18S rRNA、ACTB、RPL4、PPIA、HPRT1和YWHAZ作为候选内参基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术Ct值分析法对各候选内参基因的相对表达进行测定,首先利用3个独立评价软件geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper分别对各候选内参基因在野生组牛MSCs增殖期（GM）和分化第3天（DM3）细胞中的表达稳定性进行评价,筛选出前5个表达相对稳定的候选内参基因;然后以此为基础,利用相同的方法分析MSTN干扰组和对照组增殖期和分化第3天的细胞中上述5个内参基因的表达水平和稳定性。geNorm、NormFinder分析结果均显示,HMBS、B2M、TUBB、GAPDH和ACTB在牛MSCs分化前后表达较稳定,BestKeeper分析显示ACTB和TUBB相关系数（r）排序靠前,GAPDH、HMBS和B2M排序不是很高,但是GAPDH的SD值最小,因此选择这5个候选内参基因做后续试验;在牛MSCs MSTN干扰组和对照组增殖期和分化第3天,geNorm、NormFinder软件分析结果显示,上述5个候选内参基因中GAPDH、TUBB和B2M表达最稳定,BestKeeper分析显示TUBB相关系数排名不是最高,但其SD值最小,综合以上分析,选择TUBB作为牛MSCs干扰组和对照组增殖期和分化第3天最适内参基因。研究结果可为以后进行牛MSCs在不同生长时期以及MSTN表达被调控后基因的表达分析提供参考。 相似文献
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Objective-To identify suitable reference genes for normalization of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay data for common tumors of dogs. Sample-Malignant lymph node (n = 8), appendicular osteosarcoma (9), and histiocytic sarcoma (12) samples and control samples of various nonneoplastic canine tissues. Procedures-Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data were used to guide selection of 9 candidate reference genes. Expression stability of candidate reference genes and 4 commonly used reference genes was determined for tumor samples with RT-qPCR assays and 3 software programs. Results-LOC611555 was the candidate reference gene with the highest expression stability among the 3 tumor types. Of the commonly used reference genes, expression stability of HPRT was high in histiocytic sarcoma samples, and expression stability of Ubi and RPL32 was high in osteosarcoma samples. Some of the candidate reference genes had higher expression stability than did the commonly used reference genes. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Data for constitutively expressed genes with high expression stability are required for normalization of RT-qPCR assay results. Without such data, accurate quantification of gene expression in tumor tissue samples is difficult. Results of the present study indicated LOC611555 may be a useful RT-qPCR assay reference gene for multiple tissue types. Some commonly used reference genes may be suitable for normalization of gene expression data for tumors of dogs, such as lymphomas, osteosarcomas, or histiocytic sarcomas. 相似文献
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Lecchi C Dilda F Sartorelli P Ceciliani F 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,145(1-2):556-562
The serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) are the most prominent acute phase proteins (APPs) in cow. Liver mainly produces APPs, but extra hepatic expression has also been demonstrated in some tissues. The major aim of the present study was to assess the constitutive SAA and Hp mRNA expression by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in a wide panel of 33 bovine tissues, including gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, urogenital system, mammary gland, hematopoietic system, central nervous system, eye, thyroid and heart. Normalization of gene expression in different samples requires reference genes, which are stably expressed. Therefore, seven reference genes were investigated (ACTB, GAPDH, HMBS, SDHA, YWHAZ, SF3A1, EEF1A2) and three genes, namely SF3A1, HMBS and ACTB, were selected after assessing their stability with geNorm? and NormFinder© softwares.The qPCR analysis confirmed liver as the principal source of SAA and Hp, but also identified both APPs’ mRNA in almost all tissues.The highest expression rate of SAA was found in thyroid, followed by pancreas and submandibulary gland. Hp mRNA expression was detected at high concentration in pancreas and submandibulary gland.The present data indicated a widespread expression of SAA and Hp also in non pathological conditions, thus envisaging a possible role as immunomodulatory and protective molecules. To understand where SAA and Hp come from is the prerequisite to their utilization as Acute Phase Reaction biomarkers. 相似文献
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为探讨蒙古马高负荷调教训练前后MSTN、CKM基因的表达情况,实验首先采用SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量RT-PCR方法对4个常用内参基因(TTN、18s r RNA、GAPDH、β-actin)在臀中肌内的稳定性进行评估;确定内参基因后,对MSTN、CKM基因转录水平进行测定。结果表明:在蒙古马臀中肌中稳定度依次为GAPDH(1.087)β-actin(1.211)TTN(1.285)18s r RNA(1.460),选取稳定度最高的GAPDH基因作为内参基因;高负荷运动训练后MSTN基因m RNA表达量较训练前上调,而CKM基因则下调。本研究为蒙古马运动性能相关基因的研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Penning LC Vrieling HE Brinkhof B Riemers FM Rothuizen J Rutteman GR Hazewinkel HA 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,120(3-4):212-222
For a proper determination of relative mRNA expression levels with real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) internal standards, such as the expression of reference genes, are of utmost importance. For cats, in contrast to dogs, no validation of reference genes has been published. Our goal was to evaluate frequently used reference genes for the analysis of relative mRNA levels from feline tissues in a SYBR Green-based Q-PCR protocol. First, primers were optimized on mRNA-derived cDNA from liver and kidney tissues of randomly chosen (healthy and diseased) cats. Then, the expression variation and stability of each reference gene within a specific tissue was determined. Dental roots and crowns, heart (left ventricle), renal, liver, lung, and mammary gland tissues from 3 to 11 cats of different breeds, sexes, ages, and disease status were included in this study. Averaging relative stabilities over these six tissues revealed the usefulness of each tested gene as reference gene. In order to compensate for the expression variation of a reference gene within a specific tissue, as much as six reference genes (e.g. RPL17, RPL30, RPS7, YWHAZ, and HPRT) were required to obtain highly reliable data in cat tissues. The optimal set of reference genes depended on the tissue analyzed and should, ideally, be selected and evaluated at the start of each experimental condition. A comparison with a similar evaluation in dogs revealed three issues: (i) most ribosomal genes are suitable in both species; (ii) good non-ribosomal reference genes differ; (iii) more feline than canine reference genes are required for proper analysis. 相似文献
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实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）技术已成为研究基因表达的重要技术之一。以鸭茅（Dactylis glomerata）根组织为材料,利用qRT-PCR技术检测ACTIN（肌动蛋白酶）、TCTP（翻译控制肿瘤蛋白酶）、UBC（泛素结合酶）、ZTL（ZTL蛋白酶）、GAPDH（甘油醛-3-磷酸-脱氢酶）和SAMDC（腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶）6个候选内参基因在不同非生物胁迫环境下的表达情况,并运用Genorm3.5,Delta-Ctmethod,NormFinder0.953,Bestkeeper1.0和RefFinder软件分析各候选内参基因在鸭茅根组织中的表达稳定性。结果表明：6个候选内参基因综合表达稳定性从高到低排序为ACTIN,TCTP,GAPDH,UBC,ZTL,SAMDC;在干旱胁迫、盐胁迫、涝胁迫、热胁迫与ABA处理条件下,表达稳定性最高的基因是ACTIN;在涝胁迫条件下,表达稳定性最高的基因是TCTP;在不同的胁迫条件下,表达稳定性最低的基因是SAMDC。综合分析可知,基因ACTIN和TCTP最适合作为鸭茅非生物胁迫研究的候选内参基因,这可为鸭茅非生物胁迫下各种基因表达研究奠定基础。 相似文献