共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
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采用急性毒性试验、局部刺激性试验和亚慢性毒性试验对硫酸头孢喹肟脂质体安全性进行评价,以期为临床用药提供参考。小鼠腹腔注射硫酸头孢喹肟脂质体半数致死量（LD50）为639.73 mg/kg,95%可信限为573.06~714.17 mg/kg;该制剂对家兔股四头肌未见明显刺激作用;各给药剂量组家兔的体重、血液学指标、生化指标与对照组比较均无显著差异（P>0.05）;对肝脏和肾脏病理学观察表明,正常治疗剂量和中剂量组肝脏和肾脏组织结构清晰,但高剂量组出现肝细胞排列紊乱,肝血窦间出血,肾小球、肾间质有散在出血。以上结果表明硫酸头孢喹肟脂质体安全可靠,可应用于兽医临床。 相似文献
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按每千克体重1 000mg、500mg和200mg给15只小鼠腹腔注射头孢噻呋钠脂质体,7d后小鼠仍健活;再将56只小鼠随机分为7组,即头孢噻呋钠脂质体高、中、低剂量组(分别相当于临床剂量的20、10和5倍),头孢噻呋钠原料药高、中、低剂量组和生理盐水对照组,连续21d腹腔注射头孢噻呋钠脂质体和头孢噻呋钠后,进行血液学、血清生化学和组织病理学检查。小鼠血常规及生化指标经t检验后显示,头孢噻呋钠高剂量组对小鼠有明显的毒性,脂质体高剂量组也有一定毒性,但相比同剂量的原料药毒性有所降低。肝脏和肾脏病理切片结果显示,脂质体对小鼠造成的毒性影响明显比头孢噻呋钠小。本研究结果表明,经脂质体包封后的头孢噻呋钠毒性明显下降,安全性提高。 相似文献
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硫酸卡那霉素和氟苯尼考联合用药的急性毒效应评价 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(3):7-7
通过对小鼠进行硫酸卡那霉素和氟苯尼考联合应用的急性毒效应评价,初步探讨这2种抗菌药联合应用的合理性,以期为进一步评价其安全指标提供可靠依据。经查证,硫酸卡那霉素对小鼠腹腔注射的LD_（50）为1 973.95 mg/kg,其95%可信限为1 969.22~1 978.71 mg/kg;氟苯尼考对小鼠腹腔注射的LD_（50）为636.68 mg/kg,其95%可信限为538.5~735.1 mg/kg,该试验利用等效应线图法求出硫酸卡那霉素和氟苯尼考联合用药时的LD_（50）。试验表明,硫酸卡那霉素和氟苯尼考联合用药中,硫酸卡那霉素对小鼠腹腔注射的LD_（50）为510.51mg/kg,其95%可信限为437.52~595.66 mg/kg;氟苯尼考对小鼠腹腔注射的LD_（50）为765.60 mg/kg,其95%可信限为656.15~893.31 mg/kg。结果显示,硫酸卡那霉素和氟苯尼考联合应用后的LD_（50）剂量直线交点落在95%可信限上限之外,即这2种抗菌药的联合用药产生毒效应颉颃,初步认为联合使用具有一定的合理性与可靠性。 相似文献
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伊维菌素脂质体的急性毒性试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解伊维菌素脂质体的毒性，将伊维菌素脂质体给试验小鼠按一定浓度一次腹腔注射，连续观察7-14d，用改良寇氏法计算半数致死量（LD50）及95％的可信限，并在同一方法和条件下与伊维菌素注射剂相比较。结果表明，伊维菌素脂质体（脂质体组）的LD50（92．1516mg／kg．BW）显著高于伊维菌素注射剂（原药组）的LD50（24．2493mg／kg．BW），是原药组的3．80倍。证明伊维菌素脂质体的毒性更低，刺激性更小，安全范围更广。 相似文献
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国产硫酸头孢喹肟对小鼠的急性和蓄积毒性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究国产硫酸头孢喹肟对昆明小鼠的急性毒性和蓄积毒性,采用改良寇氏法测定国产硫酸头孢喹肟的LD50;以剂量定期递增法计算蓄积系数,并于给药后第21天给予试验组和对照组小鼠1 LD50的量,观察各组小鼠对硫酸头孢喹肟的耐受性。结果表明,国产硫酸头孢喹肟原料药对小鼠口服LD50大于5 000 mg/kg,其混悬液制剂对小鼠腹腔注射LD50为844.03 mg/kg,LD50的95%可信限为802.05 mg/kg~887.56 mg/kg;蓄积试验中无小鼠死亡,蓄积系数K>5.3;耐受性试验显示,试验组死亡率(10%)显著低于对照组(40%)(P<0.05)。由此可见,国产硫酸头孢喹肟毒性低,临床使用安全,对小鼠没有蓄积毒性,小鼠对本品可产生明显耐受性。 相似文献
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为了解“百可宁”的毒性强度,我们进行了急性毒性试验。结果表明：该制剂对体重18～22g的小鼠灌胃,其毒副作用很小,耐受量大于40g／kg。小鼠腹腔注射时具一定的毒性,其半数致死量LD50为0．5080g／20g,故该制剂不宜腹腔注射给药;对21日龄海兰褐公鸡嗉囊灌服,其毒副作用亦很小,耐受量大于50g／kg。结果初步表明该制剂对鸡无毒副作用。 相似文献
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阿维菌素对小鼠初级精母细胞致突变性的研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以小鼠初级精母细胞染色畸变分析方法研究阿维菌素（Avermectin)对小鼠雄性生殖细胞的诱变性。将昆明系雄性小鼠50只随机分为5组，每组10只，第1－3组为阿维菌素高、中和低剂是组，分别为9．60、4．80和1．92mg/kg体重（相当于1／2、1／4和1／10LD50）剂量的阿维菌素与1，2－丙二醇 1次灌胃；第4组为阳性对照组，以60mg/kg体重剂量的环磷酰胺1次腹腔注射；第5组为阴性对照组，仅灌服溶剂，于给药后第12d和13d每组取5只小鼠，每只按2mg/kg体重剂量腹腔注射秋水仙素2h后取材。试验结果表明，无论检药后第12d和13d，环磷酰胺阳性对照组与相应阴性对照组相比，其差异均极显著（P＜0．01），阿维菌素高、中和低3个剂量组与相应阴性对照相比，其差异均不显著（P＞0．05），证明阿维菌素对初级精母细胞不具诱变性。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2020,(5)
对槐定碱进行急性与亚急性毒性研究,以评估其安全性,为临床合理用药提供理论依据。急性毒性试验采用腹腔注射,给小鼠注射不同浓度槐定碱测定LD50,计算95%可信限范围。亚急性毒性试验将小鼠80只随机分为4组,1个对照组和3个试验组,每组20只,雌雄各半。对照组腹腔注射生理盐水,试验组分别注射12、23、45mg/kg槐定碱,连续注射30d并恢复30d。试验期间每天观察小鼠临床表现,每周称体重,试验30d后采血检查小鼠血常规和生化指标,采集心、肝、脾、肺、肾和大脑等器官计算脏器指数,并进行病理组织学观察。恢复30d后采血检查小鼠血常规和生化指标。结果显示,槐定碱经腹腔注射对小鼠急性毒性LD50为62.60mg/kg,95%可信限为56.48mg/kg～69.57mg/kg;亚急性毒性试验,连续30d染毒期间,试验组与对照组相比体重增重减缓、血液白细胞数和淋巴细胞数显著减少、血清肌酐含量和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性显著升高,其他血常规和生化指标与对照组差异不显著。试验组心、肝、肾和大脑均表现明显病理损伤,呈现不同程度的炎细胞浸润和细胞坏死。停止染毒恢复30d后,试验组小鼠血液学指标除白细胞外其他指标均恢复正常,血清生化指标恢复正常。结果表明,槐定碱具有一定毒性,但停止染毒30d后肝、肾等实质器官损伤可得到恢复。 相似文献
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天门冬多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能调节的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究天门冬多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用,选取体重为18~22g的昆明小鼠60只,随机分成6组,每组10只,分别设立生理盐水对照组、阳性对照组[腹腔注射150mg/(kg·BW)环磷酰胺]以及4组供试药物组[每组供试药物组的小鼠在腹腔注射150mg/(kg·BW)环磷酰胺后,分别注射100、200、300、400mg/(kg·BW)的天门冬多糖溶液],连续处理7d后,检测小鼠血浆中的细胞因子(IL-2、IL-6和IFN-γ)的含量,并计算小鼠脾脏指数和胸腺指数,观察小鼠脾脏和胸腺的组织学变化。结果显示,与生理盐水对照组、环磷酰胺对照组比较,100mg/(kg·BW)和200mg/(kg·BW)天门冬多糖试验组小鼠的血浆中IL-2和IL-6细胞因子水平明显升高;200mg/(kg·BW)和300mg/(kg·BW)供试药物组小鼠的血浆中IFN-γ的水平显著升高;天门冬多糖试验组的小鼠脾脏指数显著提高。试验表明天门冬多糖具有增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。 相似文献
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采用新药乳酸恩诺沙星测定了其对实验小鼠的半数致死量（LD50）, 为其可溶性粉开展药效试验提供依据。按照农业部关于一般毒性试验及临床试验规范进行试验。结果表明, 乳酸恩诺沙星对小白鼠灌胃染毒及腹腔注射染毒的 LD50分别为3579 mg/kg,和571.3 mg/kg,其95％可信限分别为3011~4255 mg/kg和498.3~655.1 mg/kg。研究提示, 乳酸恩诺沙星属低毒物质,其可溶性粉能用于开展药效试验。 相似文献
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M P Brown R R Gronwall D S Martinez C Beal 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(2):453-454
Six healthy pony foals, from 2 to 11 days of age, were given a single IM injection of amikacin sulfate (250 mg/ml) at a dosage rate of 7 mg/kg of body weight. Serum amikacin concentrations were measured serially over a 24-hour period. The mean peak serum concentration was 14.7 micrograms/ml at 0.5 hour. The elimination rate constant for amikacin was 0.24/hour, the elimination half-life was 3.0 hours, and the apparent volume of distribution was 0.58 L/kg. 相似文献
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Toxicity, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a newly formulated colistin sulfate solution 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We formulated a new colistin sulfate injectable solution and tested its effectiveness, toxicity and pharmacokinetics in vivo on mice, rabbits, and piglets. When intramuscularly injected (i.m.) into rabbits at 0.5 mL per site, the 2.5% colistin sulfate solution caused no reaction at the injection site, but the 5.0% solution caused the muscle circumference to appear erythematic. Tested LD50 in CD-1 mice were 38.72 mg/kg for i.m. and 431.95 mg/kg for oral administration, respectively. At 15.0 mg/kg/day (i.m.) for 5 days, colistin sulfate caused obvious neurotoxicity to piglets with moderate granular degenerations in the epithelial tissues from kidney and liver. These toxic responses were not seen when colistin sulfate was injected at 10.0 mg/kg/day for 5 days. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed Cmax of 3.73 +/- 0.28 and 6.40 +/- 0.18 microg/mL, Tmax of 32 +/- 1.5 and 34 +/- 1.8 min, t(1/2beta) of 256 +/- 14 and 264 +/- 29 min, and absolute bioavailability of 95.94 and 88.45% for colistin sulfate intramuscularly injected to piglets at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, respectively. Serum colistin sulfate concentration followed a two-compartment open model showing first-order absorption. The high bioavailability and the long-lasting serum retention time indicated that the new solution is suitable for i.m. in piglets with a recommended dose of 2.5 mg/kg injected twice daily. 相似文献
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J E Garst W C Wilson N C Kristensen P C Harrison J E Corbin J Simon R M Philpot R R Szabo 《Journal of animal science》1985,60(1):248-257
To explore a possible relationship between metabolism and lethality, the acute toxicity of naturally occurring perilla ketone (PK), 1-(3-furyl)-4-methyl-pentan-1-one, was examined in the uninduced mouse, hamster, rabbit, dog and pig. The LD50 (+/- SE), determined using intraperitoneal (ip) injection, for the mouse and hamster were low at 5.0 +/- .3 and 13.7 +/- .9 mg/kg, respectively. The rabbit died from an ip dosage of near 14 mg/kg and estimated ip LD50 dosages were quite high for the dog and pig, being 106 +/- 25 mg/kg and over 158 mg/kg, respectively. Dogs and the pig that died from ip injections of PK displayed varying degrees of midzonal and centrilobular liver damage and dogs also had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activities. In contrast, rodents and rabbits display only pulmonary toxicity from this agent. Cytochromes P-450 and b5 concentrations and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity were determined for the lung, liver and kidney of mice, hamsters, rabbits, dogs, swine, sheep and cattle. High correlation between lethality and enzyme concentration further supports the hypothesis that enzymatic bioactivation of PK is required for toxicity in all species. 相似文献
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Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in the horse following intravenous and intramuscular administration 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. A. ORSINI L. R. SOMA J. E. ROURKE M. PARK‡ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1985,8(2):194-201
The pharmacokinetics of amikacin sulfate (AK) were studied in the horse after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration. Serum (Cs), synovial (Csf) and peritoneal (Cpf) fluid concentrations of the drug were measured. Doses of 4.4, 6.6 and 11.0 mg/kg were given. The concentrations at 15 min following i.v. injection were 30.3 +/- 0.3, 61.2 +/- 6.9 and 122.8 +/- 7.4 micrograms/ml, respectively, for the 4.4, 6.6 and 11.0 mg/kg doses. Mean peak Cs values after the intramuscular injections occurred at 1.0 h post-injection and were 13.3 +/- 1.6, 23.0 +/- 0.6 and 29.8 +/- 3.2 micrograms/ml, respectively. The t 1/2 of amikacin was 1.44, 1.57 and 1.14 h for the 4.4, 6.6 and 11.0 mg/kg doses, respectively. In this study, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of amikacin sulfate were determined for six pathogens. Based on the MIC and the pharmacokinetic parameters, it would appear that the usual therapeutic dose of amikacin would be between 4.4 and 6.6 mg/kg twice daily and, for the more serious life-threatening infections, dosing three times a day. 相似文献