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1.
以磺胺二甲嘧啶、金霉素和泰乐菌素为研究对象,探讨在饲粮中添加兽药后,猪粪中3种兽药原形及其主要代谢产物的排泄规律。试验选取60头33kg左右的长大二元杂交母猪,在饲粮中加入200mg/kg的磺胺二甲嘧啶、75mg/kg的金霉素和100mg/kg的泰乐菌素,分用药期和休药期收集猪粪检测其中的兽药原形及其代谢产物残留。结果表明,7d用药期内猪粪中磺胺二甲嘧啶及其主要代谢产物对位氨基乙酰化磺胺二甲嘧啶的平均残留分别为59.50,15.98μg/g;金霉素及其代谢产物4位差向异构金霉素平均残留分别为239.92,217.79μg/g;泰乐菌素A及其代谢产物泰乐菌素D的平均残留分别为10.50,65.99μg/g。进入休药期后,猪粪中兽药原型及其代谢产物残留下降很快,到休药期结束时,相应试验组的猪粪中已检测不出金霉素及其代谢产物残留,但仍可检出磺胺二甲嘧啶及其代谢产物和泰乐菌素A及其代谢产物。由此可知,兽药的体内代谢产物在兽药的排泄中占重要比例,提示除兽药原形外还应重视其代谢产物进入环境后的生态毒理学效应。 相似文献
2.
硝呋烯腙对生长肥衣猪促生长效果试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用120头生长肥育猪，采用单因素试验设计，进行饲粮中添加硝呋烯腙（10mg/kg)、硝呋烯腙（10mg/kg) 金霉素（10mg/kg)、泰乐菌素（30mg/kg)和盐霉素（30mg/kg)对生长肥育猪增重速度和饲料利用效率影响的试验。结果表明，在30－60千克体重阶段，猪只的平均日增重分别为713g、742g、710g和696g(P＞0．05）；耗料增重比分别为2．62、2、63、2．64和2．59。在61－90千克体重阶段，猪只的平均日增重分别为894g、912g、887g和894g(P＞0．05）；耗料增重比分别为2．82、2．76、2．84和2．79。 相似文献
3.
泰乐菌素是中国养殖业广泛使用的抗菌促生长类兽用抗生素之一,它进入畜禽体后,其原形和代谢产物会随畜禽粪尿进入环境,与环境微生物产生互作效应,由此本文首先介绍了环境介质中泰乐菌素残留现状,然后综述了泰乐菌素与土壤微生物的互作效应。目前畜禽生产中使用的泰乐菌素是泰乐菌素A、B、C和D的混合物,其中泰乐菌素A占80%以上,因此泰乐菌素A也是泰乐菌素在环境中残留的主要形式,但在不同环境条件下,泰乐菌素A可转化为泰乐菌素B、C和D,而且已有研究表明在畜禽粪便、污水、土壤及水体等环境介质中均检测到泰乐菌素A及其代谢产物的残留。土壤中残留的泰乐菌素可与微生物产生互作效应,即一方面泰乐菌素可影响土壤中微生物的数量、群落结构和功能;另一方面土壤微生物在受到泰乐菌素胁迫时会产生和传播耐药基因以及可降解泰乐菌素微生物等。笔者还对今后该领域的研究进行了展望。 相似文献
4.
泰乐菌素是目前养殖业广泛使用的抗菌促生长类兽药之一,它进入畜禽体后,其原形和代谢产物会随畜禽粪尿进入环境,对环境生物造成影响。本文首先介绍了泰乐菌素在畜禽粪尿、土壤和水体等环境基质中的残留形式及残留量,其次总结了泰乐菌素在环境中的降解、吸附、迁移等行为,并且说明了泰乐菌素对环境微生物、水生生物、土壤动物及植物等的毒理学效应以及泰乐菌素抗药性的研究现状,最后对今后泰乐菌素的生态毒理学评价的研究方向进行了展望。该文可为合理评价泰乐菌素在环境中的生态毒学效应提供参考。 相似文献
5.
为了建立同时测定猪粪便中二甲氧苄啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、恩诺沙星、金霉素、泰乐菌素5种兽药残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法,样品经McIllvaineNa_2EDTA缓冲溶液提取,C18粉吸附杂质,HLB固相萃取小柱净化,浓缩富集后用0.1%甲酸甲醇溶液复溶,过滤上机,基质液外标法定量。结果显示,5种兽药在10~500μg/kg的质量浓度范围内线性良好,在添加浓度50~500μg/kg,平均回收率为53%~85%,RSD为1.87%~18.81%。该方法具有较好的准确度与精密度,能快速、准确测定猪粪便中5种兽药残留,为养殖环节实时监测兽药使用情况提供了技术支持。 相似文献
6.
选用产期相近、体重相近、健康状况良好的断奶仔猪(20日龄)128头,随机分成4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。研究在基础饲粮中分别添加泰乐菌素50mg/kg(泰乐菌素0.07kg)+硫酸抗敌素(0.4kg)、金霉素15%(2.0kg)+喹乙醇(0.1kg)、吉他霉素50mg/k(g0.1kg吉尔康500)+喹乙醇(0.1kg)、吉他霉素50mg/k(g0.1kg吉尔康500)+硫酸抗敌素(0.4kg)对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验结果表明,添加吉他霉素50mg/kg(0.1kg吉尔康500)+喹乙醇(0.1kg)效果优于其它各组,而且经济效益最好,腹泻率最低。 相似文献
7.
《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》2011,32(7)
生长肥育猪饲粮铜的正常含量是4～6mg／kg,高剂量铜的添加量是正常量的20～40倍．由于饲料中铜代谢后90％经粪便排出．铜又为不可降解物质．饲喂高铜饲粮的猪粪中铜排泄量会大大增多． 相似文献
8.
为研究硝呋烯腙在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用效果，试验选取来源体重接近的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪120头（52±2日龄、体重（13.5±0.12）kg),随机分配5个日粮处理组（每组设3个重复，每个重复8头仔猪）。5个日粮处理组为金霉素组、卡巴多组、泰乐菌素组、硝呋烯腙组及空白对照组，其中前4个试验日粮是在空白对照日粮的基础上分别添加100mg/kg金霉素、55mg/kg卡巴多、20mg/kg泰乐菌素、20mg/kg硝呋烯腙配制而成。试验全期为28d，猪只自由采食与饮水。试验结果表明试验0～12d，添加硝呋烯腙、金霉素、卡巴多、泰乐菌素的几组间采食量（ADFI）、日增重（ADG）、料重比（F/G）差异不显著，但与空白组比较差异显著（P<0.05），从全期看，硝呋烯腙组与金霉素组、卡巴多组及空白组的F/G差异显著（P<0.05），但与泰乐菌素组比较差异不显著。试验全期各组的ADFI及ADG差异不显著。硝呋烯腙组与泰乐菌素组猪只腹泻率差异不显著，但两组腹泻率均显著低于金霉素组、卡巴多组及空白组（P<0.05）。 相似文献
9.
10.
采用高效液相色谱法同时测定磺胺二甲嘧啶和泰乐菌素组分含量,采用C18(4.6×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱;以2 mol/L高氯酸钠溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 m L/min;检测波长为280 nm。结果表明磺胺二甲嘧啶在10~200μg/m L范围内具有良好的线性,相关系数为0.9997,检出限为0.05μg/m L,定量限为0.15μg/m L,低、中、高3个浓度加标的平均回收率为99.7%~100.1%,RSD为0.3%~0.5%,泰乐菌素D峰与A峰的分离度≥3.2;泰乐菌素C峰与磺胺二甲嘧啶分离度≥30,该方法操作简便、准确、专属性强。 相似文献
11.
Transference of Dietary Veterinary Drugs into Eggs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Twelve veterinary drugs, bacitracin (BC), chloramphenicol (CAP),chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), tylosin (TS), amprolium (APL), furazolidone (FZD), nicarbazine (NCZ), ormetoprium (OMP), sulfadimidine (SDD), sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) were fed to laying hens for 14 days, each at a dietary concentration of 500 mg/kg. The concentrations of the drugs in the eggs from these birds were determined at 2-day intervals for 14 days after the start of feeding. The relationship between the concentrations of the drugs (mg/kg) in the eggs and the number of days after the start of feeding was analysed by regression and covariance analyses. The concentrations of the drugs in the eggs became constant after 4 days for OTC, TS, FZD and all the sulfonamides, and after 6 days for CAP, APL, NCZ and OMP. No BC or CTC was detected in the eggs. The transfer rates of the 10 drugs (excluding BC and CTC) from the feed to eggs varied from 0.005% for TS up to 1.540% for SDD. 相似文献
12.
为研究抗菌药物从饲料向畜禽粪肥转移的残留迁移规律,将40头猪和200羽鸡分为饲喂组和空白对照组进行饲喂对照实验和粪便堆肥发酵实验,其中空白对照组使用普通全价饲料,饲喂组在饲料中加入盐酸金霉素50 mg/kg、磷酸泰乐菌素50 mg/kg、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶各50 mg/kg、恩诺沙星150 mg/kg、二甲氧苄啶10 mg/kg,每日及时对各组实验动物粪便进行采集,样品经提取和净化后使用液相色谱-串联质谱进行分析定量。所得结果表明,猪、鸡饲喂含多种抗生素饲料后粪便中可以检出抗菌药物原型,其可能进入有机肥料发酵制作的环节。参照猪、鸡粪便中排出抗菌药物含量峰值建立模型对发酵期间粪肥中抗菌药物含量进行采样测定,结果显示,恩诺沙星、泰乐菌素和二甲氧苄啶在堆肥过程中会由于温度升高和氧化作用发生降解,其半衰期在5周左右,到10周后其含量低于检测限;但金霉素和磺胺对甲氧嘧啶被少量降解,残留迁移风险较高。 相似文献
13.
C. C. Hung 《British poultry science》2020,61(4):465-470
ABSTRACT 1. The present study focused on the potential effects of antibiotics on intestinal digestion and integrity in broilers in terms of disaccharidase activity, electrophysiological properties and morphology. 2. One-day-old Arbour Acres birds were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups for 42 days; control, colistin (20 mg/kg), tylosin (55 mg/kg) or chlortetracycline (CTC, 55 mg/kg) groups. Colistin and tylosin supplementation, but not CTC supplementation, caused an increase in body weight gain. 3. Colistin and tylosin elevated the activities of maltase and sucrase in the mucosa of the jejunum on d 42. Age caused a gradual decrease in the short-circuit current (Isc) and conductance (Gt) of the ileum, as a measure of permeability. The Isc and Gt of the ileum were higher in the colistin-supplemented broilers than in the control birds on d 42. Tylosin- and CTC-supplemented birds displayed Isc and Gt values similar to those of the control birds. 4. Colistin supplementation increased the villus area in the jejunum and thinned the muscularis mucosae in the ileum compared with the control group. Tylosin supplementation decreased the thickness of the muscularis mucosae and the depth of crypt in the jejunum. CTC thickened the muscularis mucosae in the jejunum and ileum. 5. Colistin and tylosin exhibited a beneficial effect on intestinal digestion and integrity by enhancing disaccharidase activities and improving gut morphology and permeability. 相似文献
14.
18 piglets were fed either a dry, humid or soup diet and each animal was dosed with 40 mg chlortetracycline/kg bodyweight. The chlortetracycline-concentration in the diet was 2500 mg/kg air-dried feed. After a single oral dosage the absorption of chlortetracycline occurred significantly faster from the soup diet, resulting in higher serum levels as well as prolonged elevated serum concentrations of CTC compared with the other two diets. Using a mathematical model, serum concentrations over a 5-day period with repeated dosage of CTC were calculated. Based on this dates we recommend the following dosage regime for chlortetracycline: 20-30 mg CTC/kg bodyweight/12 h for soup feeding and 30-40 mg CTC/kg bodyweight/12 h for dry or humid feeding. 相似文献
15.
为了比较肉用仔鸡日粮中添加不同有机微量元素后粪便中铜、锰、锌、排放的影响,试验选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡,分为7个处理,对照组添加无机硫酸盐（锌50mg/kg;铜10mg/kg;锰50 mg/kg）,试验组分别用Mintrex-Cu替代5 mg/kg或全部替代硫酸铜;以Min-trex-Zn代替20 mg/kg硫酸锌,以Mintrex-Mn代替20 mg/kg硫酸锰,或在对照组基础上添加20mg/kg的Mintrex-Mn或Mintrex-Zn。42日龄时,采用全收粪法收集粪样72h,用原子吸收分光光度计测定粪样中铜、锰、锌的含量。结果表明：Mintrex-Cu代替50%或100%硫酸铜,对粪便中铜、锌和锰的排泄量没有显著影响（P〉0.05）,Mintrex-Zn/Mn替代40%无机锌、锰对锌、锰排泄量没有显著影响（P〉0.05）。在基础日粮中额外添加20mg/kgMintrex-Zn/Mn显著提高了粪便中锌、锰的排泄量（P〈0.05）,但添加20mg/kgMintrex-Mn降低铜排泄量20%以上（P〈0.05）。研究说明,在基础日粮微量元素水平低于需要量的情况下,采用有机微量元素替代无机微量元素对粪便中微量元素排泄量的影响很小,额外添加有机微量元素则提高粪便微量元素的排泄。 相似文献
16.
Two 56-d shipping fever trials of similar design were conducted the same season (fall) at Kansas State University (KSU) and at Purdue University (PU) to compare various levels of chlortetracycline (0 or 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously or 1, 2 or 4 g X head-1 X d-1 for the first 14 d). Weanling crossbred steer calves were utilized (210 head of Angus X Simmental, averaging 197 kg, at KSU; 268 head of Angus X Hereford, averaging 192 kg, at PU). For the first 28 d in the KSU trial (October 13 to December 8), cattle that received 4 g X head-1 X d-1 the first 14 d gained more rapidly (P less than .05) than cattle fed 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously or than the controls that received no chlortetracycline (CTC; 1.05 vs .92 or .93 kg/d, respectively). Cattle that received 4 g CTC X head-1 X d-1 for the first 14 d required less (P less than .05) dry matter per kg gain than steers that received 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously over the 56-d period. In the PU trial (October 6 through December 1), all CTC treatments resulted in increased feed efficiency (P less than .05) over the controls through 28 d, and the 4 g X head-1 d-1 for 14 d and 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously, improved feed efficiency over the other groups for the 56-d period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
17.
Six-week-old broilers were fed 50 g tylosin/ton, 400 g chlortetracycline (CTC)/ton, or unmedicated feed and then challenged intratracheally with R strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). Feed-grade antibiotic medication did not prevent infection, but medication did lower the number of isolations from treated birds compared with controls. Only tylosin significantly lowered MG counts in the trachea. The log10 ID50 of birds receiving tylosin, CTC, or unmedicated feed were 5.8, 4.4, and 2.9, respectively. Six-week-old leghorns were placed on the three diets described previously and challenged with the R strain of MG. Birds were sacrificed at various times up to 10 weeks postchallenge (PC). Compared with the control diet, the tylosin-medicated diet significantly reduced the tracheal MG count from day 1 to 4 weeks PC, whereas the CTC-medicated diet significantly lowered the tracheal MG count only at 3 days PC. In all groups, the MG count gradually declined after 1 week PC; by 8 weeks PC it was essentially the same in all groups. It was concluded that continuous medication has the potential for reducing MG tracheal populations only during the initial phase of an outbreak. 相似文献
18.
T E Blackwell R E Werdin M C Eisenmenger M A FitzSimmons 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,194(4):519-523
Effects of feeding sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim to sows and gilts in late gestation were evaluated. One sow and 2 gilts were randomly selected and were fed 1 of 3 rations: (1) a gestation ration from farm A, where congenital goiter in newborn pigs was a problem, (2) gestation ration from farm A containing 275 g of sulfadimethoxine and 55 g of ormetoprim/100 kg of ration, or (3) standard swine gestation ration containing 275 g of sulfadimethoxine and 55 g of ormetoprim/100 kg of ration. Sows and gilts were fed the appropriate ration for 22 to 58 days before farrowing. The numbers of stillborn or weak pigs did not increase in any group. However, congenital goiter was detected in all pigs from swine fed medicated rations 2 and 3. Congenital goiter was not present in pigs from swine given gestation ration 1. 相似文献
19.
采用高效液相色谱法,在(23.1±0.8)℃水温条件下,对环丙沙星和磺胺二甲嘧啶两种抗菌药物在健康大菱鲆体内的代谢动力学规律进行了比较研究。结果显示,单次口服环丙沙星和磺胺二甲嘧啶后,药物在血浆中的经时过程均符合一级吸收二室开放模型,表达方程分别为CCIP=14.811e-0.337t+4.028e-0.063t-18.839e-0.616t、CSM2=64.981e-0.141t+4.59e-0.004t-69.571e-0.19t;静脉注射这两种药物后,药物在血浆中经时过程均符合无级吸收二室开放模型,表达方程分别为CCIP=21.784e-1.098t+1.514e-0.043t、CSM2=33.028e-5.687t+8.674e-0.013t。口服相同剂量(20 mg/kg)药物后,对血浆的药代动力学参数进行比较,环丙沙星的Tmax(6 h)、Cmax(5.385μg/mL)、t1/2Ka(1.125h)、t1/2α(2.057 h)和t1/2β(11.028 h)均小于磺胺二甲嘧啶给药(8 h、13.990μg/mL、3.647 h、4.923 h和173.407 h),且F(60.57%)大于磺胺二甲嘧啶给药F(47.13%)。证实环丙沙星在大菱鲆体内的吸收、分布、消除速度,达峰时间均快于磺胺二甲嘧啶给药,且比磺胺二甲嘧啶给药吸收完全。根据本实验的结果,环丙沙星和磺胺二甲嘧啶的合理给药方案分别为28.01 mg/kg和18.32 mg/kg,均为每日1次给药,连用3～5 d。 相似文献
20.
磺胺二甲嘧啶在黑鲪体内的药物代谢动力学和残留消除研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在(14±1)℃水温条件下,对黑鲪单次口灌100 mg/kg体重的磺胺二甲嘧啶,进行药物代谢动力学研究。在(20±2)℃水温条件下,按照《中华人民共和国水产行业标准磺胺类药物水产养殖使用规范》推荐剂量对黑鮶连续5天口灌给予磺胺二甲嘧啶,研究其在黑鮶体内的残留消除规律。血浆、肌肉和肝脏样品采用高效液相色谱检测,DAS2.0药物代谢动力学软件对数据进行处理分析。结果表明磺胺二甲嘧啶在黑鲪血浆、肌肉和肝脏中均符合一室模型,肝脏、血液和肌肉中药物达峰时间分别为6 h,8 h和10 h;峰值浓度分别为26.45μg/g、25.57μg/g和31.15μg/g;连续多次给药后,黑鮶血液、肌肉、肝脏中药物浓度分别在给药后12d、14d、15d后小于最大残留限量要求(0.1mg/kg)。 相似文献