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按照Jefiers 1975年建立的艾美耳球虫属球虫早熟选育方法,对和缓艾美耳球虫保定株进行了早熟选育。通过连续11代的早熟选育后,获得了潜隐期由97h缩短至82h的早熟系。该早熟系经过5代连续非早熟选择性传代,潜隐期仍稳定在82h。排卵囊期为感染后第4~10天,其中第5天为高峰期。该早熟系的致病力较亲本株弱,同样剂量感染后早熟系感染组相对增重率显著高于亲本株感染组。该早熟系免疫原性良好,每羽鸡免疫100个以上卵囊即可较好抵抗1x10^5个亲本株的攻击,相对增重率达80.0%以上和卵囊减少率达90.0%以上。 相似文献
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和缓艾美耳球虫早熟系选育及其生物学特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
按照Jeffers建立的艾美耳属球虫早熟系选育方法，对和缓艾美耳球虫涿州株(Eimeria mitis Zhuozhou strain，EmiZ)进行了早熟选育。经石歧杂肉仔鸡15次传代之后，EmiZ潜在期由96h缩短至77h，缩短了19h。选育出的和缓艾美耳球虫涿州株早熟系(Eimeria mitis Zhuozhou strain precocious line，EmiZP)在致病性与繁殖力上均较母株弱，但保留了母株的免疫原性。经EmiZP免疫的石歧杂肉仔鸡，可抵抗母株EmiZ的攻虫。对选育的早熟系EmiZP进行放松选择传代10代，其潜在期、排卵囊高峰、卵囊产量和致病性均保持了早熟系的特征，说明所选育的EmiZP已在遗传上保持了稳定。 相似文献
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为了进一步验证鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫早熟耐药株经本动物(鸡)连续传代后的毒力和遗传稳定性,为虫种种子传代提供依据,试验对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫早熟耐药株(Etpp)用11日龄敏感鸡连续放松传代10次,其潜隐期、排卵囊高峰、卵囊产量、致病性和免疫原性均保持了早熟耐药株(Etpp)的特征,说明所选育的虫株(Etpp)在遗传上具有稳定性。 相似文献
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本试验分离获得了1株巨型艾美耳球虫，通过紫外线诱导和非紫外线诱导两种方法对该虫株进行早熟选育，获得了2个巨型艾美耳球虫早熟减毒株。通过对2个早熟株的潜隐期、繁殖力、致病力以及免疫原性进行对比研究，证明紫外线诱导下的早熟选育可明显缩短选育所需代数，且与传统方法选育的早熟株在繁殖力、免疫原性与免疫保护力等方面基本相同。紫外线诱导下，经7代早熟选育，潜隐期由母株的142h缩短到116h，而非紫外线诱导的选育需要20代才能达到同样的选育结果。两早熟株卵囊的繁殖能力与母株相比有所下降，但仍保留了母株原有的免疫原性。 相似文献
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为了选育堆形艾美耳球虫（Eimeria acervulina）早熟株及观测其生物学特性,运用Jeffers创立的艾美耳属球虫早熟株选育方法,对实验室保存的堆形艾美耳球虫进行连续传代早熟选育,并对获得的早熟株与母株孢子化卵囊大小、繁殖能力、致病性以及免疫保护力等指标进行了测定,比较堆形艾美耳球虫早熟株与母株之间的基本生物学特性差异。经过18代早熟选育后,堆形艾美耳球虫的潜在期由母株的99h缩短至84h。与母株相比,早熟株的孢子化卵囊大小明显减小（P〈0．05）,卵囊繁殖能力降低了17％～42%。致病性试验中,早熟株感染组的平均增重均高于母株,而病变记分相当。免疫保护试验中,早熟株与母株的免疫保护力相当,其卵囊抑制率略低于母株,差异不明显（P〉0．05）。结果表明,本研究成功选育出堆形艾关耳球虫早熟株,对母株攻击具有保护力,为鸡球虫疫苗的研制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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采用单卵囊分离技术,从河北省保定市暴发球虫病的某鸡场鸡粪便中成功分离出1株和缓艾美耳球虫(Eimeria mitis),并对其生物学特性和致病性进行了研究。该虫株主要寄生于小肠后段,潜隐期为97 h,孢子化时间为22 h,卵囊呈球形,平均大小为15.9μm×14.4μm,卵囊指数为1.10,PCR鉴定为纯种的和缓艾美耳球虫,将其命名为和缓艾美耳球虫保定株。该虫株排卵期为感染后第4～10天,其中第5～6天为高峰期。SPF鸡分别感染5×10~4个、1×10~5和2×10~5个和缓艾美耳球虫保定株孢子化卵囊后,均出现精神不振、排水样粪便等球虫病引起的临床症状,且各组相对增重率分别为78.5%、63.5%和59.3%,明显低于空白对照组,该虫株具有一定的致病性,表现为发病和减重。 相似文献
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为研究鸡艾美耳球虫哈尔滨株单一虫种的生物学特性,本研究利用单卵囊分离技术分离了6种鸡艾美耳球虫哈尔滨株,用分离的单卵囊接种雏鸡,同时应用PCR方法对收集的单卵囊分离株进行球虫种类鉴定并进行同源性和系统进化分析.结果显示,分离得到的6株鸡艾美耳球虫分别为柔嫩艾美耳球虫、毒害艾美耳球虫、堆型艾美耳球虫、早熟艾美耳球虫、和缓艾美耳球虫和布氏艾美耳球虫,PCR结果表明单卵囊分离株确为该6种纯株.本研究表明毛细吸管单卵囊分离法简便易行,使接种难度降低,提高了接种成功率,为球虫的分子生物学研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
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为选育毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatri)早熟株,了解其繁殖力,为早熟弱毒活苗的研制奠定基础,本试验运用球虫的单卵囊分离技术得到一株E.necatrix(P0),并对其进行了早熟选育,得到了E.necatrix早熟株P8。P0和P8分别以0.05×104、0.1×104、0.5×104和1×104个/只的剂量接种11日龄雏鸡,接种后第7～13天每天检测粪便中的卵囊产量。结果表明,P0与P8均为接种0.5×104个/只的卵囊产量最大;P8的繁殖力是P0的55%;P8的卵囊高峰期较P0有提前趋势。 相似文献
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Precocious lines of Eimeria acervulina "Cu" and "I" strains were obtained after 25 passages of oocysts in chickens that showed a shortening of the prepatent period for first oocyst output from 96 h to 81 and 82 h, respectively. Both precocious lines were evaluated for pathogenicity using as criteria weight gain, lesion score and total oocyst production. Infection of the "Cu" precocious line in chickens showed a high weight gain, low lesion score and low oocyst production, when compared to parent strain infected chickens. However, the results did not show a significant difference in relation to the criteria used above for the E. acervulina "I" precocious line when compared to its parent strain. This suggests a low degree of attenuation for the "I" strain but good attenuation for the precocious "Cu" line. The histopathological observations of chickens infected with the E. acervulina "Cu" parent strain and precocious line, comparing life cycle and intestinal lesions, showed: (1) parasite stages only in the border cells of infected chicken intestinal villi, for the precocious line; (2) parasite stages in the border cells of the intestinal villi and submucosa cells near the Lieberkühn glands of the intestine; and (3) high degree of inflammatory cells around the parasites in chickens infected with the parent strain. The "Cu" strain was also characterized for sensitivity against eight anticoccidial drugs. Sensitivity was observed for four anticoccidial drugs and partial resistance for four other drugs, although the strain had never had previous contact with anticoccidial drugs, suggesting the presence of a natural resistance factor. This Brazilian E. acervulina "Cu" precocious line showed attenuation for pathogenicity in chickens, suggesting that it could be a suitable strain for use as a live vaccine in Brazil. 相似文献
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Jorgensen WK Anderson GR Jeston PJ Blight GW Molloy JB 《Australian veterinary journal》2006,84(3):89-94
OBJECTIVE: To attenuate two strains of Eimeria tenella by selecting for precocious development and evaluate the strains in characterisation trials and by field evaluation, to choose one precocious line for incorporation into an Australian live coccidiosis vaccine for poultry. DESIGN: Two strains from non-commercial flocks were passaged through chickens while selecting for precocious development. Each strain was characterised for drug sensitivity, pathogenicity, protection against homologous and heterologous challenge, and oocyst output in replicated experiments in which the experimental unit was a cage of three birds. Oocyst output and/or body weight gain data collected over a 10 to 12 day period following final inoculation were measured. Feed conversion ratios were also calculated where possible. RESULTS: Fifteen passages resulted in prepatent periods reduced by 24 h for the Redlands strain (from 144 h to 120 h) and 23 h for the Darryl strain (from 139 h to 116 h). Characterisation trials demonstrated that each precocious line was significantly less pathogenic than its parent strain and each effectively induced immunity that protected chickens against challenge with both the parent strain and other virulent field strains. Both lines had oocyst outputs that, although significantly reduced relative to the parent strains, remained sufficiently high for commercial vaccine production, and both showed susceptibility to coccidiostats. CONCLUSION: Two attenuated lines have been produced that exhibit the appropriate characteristics for use in an Australian live coccidiosis vaccine. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2018,27(1):33-37
Coccidiosis control for breeding and laying chickens requires the development of immunity against multiple Eimeria species. Vaccines approved for use in Europe are precocious (attenuated) strains. Only one precocious vaccine (Paracox® 8) was widely available to breeder and layer producers in the European Union (EU) from 1991 until 2015, with registration in all EU member states except Luxembourg. Recently, 2 new products have been introduced to the market: Hipra Evalon® and a 2 part product originally designated as Huveguard® Start (now designated Mmat) and Huveguard® Plus (now designated NB). Nonattenuated (nonprecocious) vaccines, by contrast, are used in other parts of the world, but are not available in the EU. Three precocious vaccines (Paracox® 8, Evalon® and the combined Huveguard vaccines) were compared to each other and to a nonattenuated vaccine from North America (Coccivac® D2) with respect to precocity and pathogenicity. All 3 precocious vaccines demonstrated significantly reduced oocyst output compared to the nonattenuated breeder/layer coccidiosis vaccine. One vaccine (Paracox® 8) demonstrated oocyst output for all species at 96 h (more precocious), while the other 2 vaccines did not have output until 24 or even 48 h later for individual species (less precocious). When tested at 40X the manufacturer’s recommended dose (attempting to simulate the field effect of uneven application), all 3 precocious vaccines demonstrated lower lesion scores and better weight gain over the 7 d post challenge compared to the nonattenuated vaccine. 相似文献
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鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫广西株的分离与鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
目的建立一种简单、实用的单卵囊分离方法，并对一株广西柔嫩艾美耳球虫进行分离。方法采用电泳制胶槽来制作琼脂块进行球虫单卵囊的分离，单卵囊实验感染9只1日龄雏鸡，感染后收集粪便，用饱和盐水漂浮法进行卵囊检测。纯种卵囊经口感染10只1日龄雏鸡，观测卵囊寄生部位、最短孢子化时间，以及其潜在期和排卵高峰期。结果2只雏鸡粪便中检出卵囊，单卵囊感染成功率为22％。通过对其中一株球虫的研究，根据其卵囊的形状、大小、寄生部位、潜在期、卵囊最短孢子化时间、排卵高峰期等生物特征，鉴定该株球虫为柔嫩艾美耳球虫（Eimeria tenella）。结论本研究成功建立一种单卵囊分离技术，可作为球虫单卵囊分离的常规方法。 相似文献
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利用从南宁市郊养鸡场球虫病鸡粪便中收集的球虫混合种卵囊感染小鸡,再应用单卵囊分离感染技术,从感染鸡盲肠中收集的卵囊分离纯化获得1株纯种球虫,经鸡体传代增殖,对该虫株的卵囊大小和卵形指数、潜在期、排卵高峰期、最短孢子化时间、寄生部位、致病性等指标进行观察和测定。结果测得该虫株卵囊的平均大小为(25.743±1.94126)μm×(21.4±1.85985)μm,平均卵型指数为1.2067±0.07;潜在期为140 h;其排卵囊峰期在第6～9天,最高峰在第7天;最短孢子化时间为19 h;寄生部位在盲肠;对两周龄的艾维茵鸡,当使用5×104的孢子化卵囊感染剂量时死亡率为7.5%。根据这些测定和观察到的指标综合鉴定该分离株球虫为柔嫩艾美耳球虫,并命名为柔嫩艾美耳球虫广西南宁株(Eimeria.tenella-GXNN),该研究结果为进一步研究本地区鸡球虫病的药物治疗和免疫预防等奠定了基础。 相似文献