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以观赏辣椒为材料,喷施0.10mmol/L水杨酸和10.00mmol/LCa2+,以喷施清水为对照,后进行40℃高温胁迫,研究水杨酸和Ca2+对高温胁迫下观赏辣椒幼苗生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,水杨酸和Ca2+预处理能减缓叶绿素的下降,抑制高温胁迫下观赏辣椒幼苗相对电导率和MDA的增加,增加脯氨酸的积累;水杨酸和Ca2+均可有效提高高温胁迫下观赏辣椒的抗热性,喷施水杨酸效果优于Ca2+。 相似文献
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Ca2+对皖贝母高温胁迫下抗逆生理指标及光合作用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析Ca2+对高温胁迫下皖贝母抗逆生理指标及相关光合参数的影响,探讨钙对皖贝母高温胁迫伤害调控的可行性。将室外同一环境条件下盆栽的皖贝母,分别叶面喷施5、10、20、30、50 mg/L的CaCl2溶液,然后置于35℃/25℃（昼/夜）,光强3 600 lx的光照培养箱内,进行高温胁迫处理,以常温25℃喷施蒸馏水和高温胁迫下喷施蒸馏水为对照,处理3 d后,测定皖贝母叶片相关光合参数、膜透性、脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量及SOD、POD活性。结果表明:高温胁迫下叶面喷施CaCl2溶液,可增强皖贝母叶片SOD、POD酶活性,提高叶片游离脯氨酸及可溶性蛋白含量,有效减少高温胁迫对细胞膜的破坏,显著降低相对电导率。同时,Ca2+处理提高了叶片中叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量,提高了叶片光合效率。结论:叶面喷施一定浓度CaCl2溶液可减轻高温胁迫对皖贝母叶片的伤害。 相似文献
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对比试验研究生殖生长期甜瓜的高温胁迫指标及其生理原因表明,≥40℃的高温对处于生殖生长期的甜瓜有伤害,花粉活性下降的温度明显低干叶片活性下降时的温度,叶片细胞膜受损的温度为≥50℃,叶绿素下降的温度为≥41℃.对花粉活性影响的温度为≥31℃;≥52℃、对甜瓜的营养器官和生殖器官均有极显著破坏作用。随着高温时间的延长,甜瓜叶片电导率增加、叶绿素含量及花粉活力下降。高温处理3d的中部、下部叶片电导率比对照增加70％以上,叶片叶绿素含量比对照降低20％以上。用I-KI染色法测定高温处理3d的花粉样品优良率仅有20％,比对照少1/2以上。 相似文献
5.
以小白菜品种“上海青”为研究对象,进行高温胁迫实验,设高温组（昼/夜温度为37℃/30℃）与对照组（25℃/18℃）,对小白菜高温胁迫3d、6d和9d后在25℃/18℃下的生长及恢复情况进行研究。结果表明：高温下小白菜生长受到显著抑制,胁迫3、6、9d后干物质相对增长率分别比对照下降32.68%、82.86%、100.00%。高温引起叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）下降,胞间CO2浓度（Ci）升高,丙二醛（MDA）含量升高,同时小白菜启动高温防御应答机制,保护酶活性上升,可溶性蛋白积累,叶绿素含量提高。胁迫解除后,3d及6d胁迫组Pn、Gs、Tr升高,Ci下降,MDA含量、可溶性蛋白与酶活性下降,处理组与对照差异逐渐减小。3d胁迫处理小白菜在恢复期的6～9d呈现超补偿生长,补偿指数为1.10。6d处理则一直呈现低补偿,9d胁迫处理小白菜均在恢复过程中死亡。因此,超过3d的高温胁迫将引起小白菜的不可逆损伤。灰色关联分析表明,Pn、Gs、可溶性蛋白、MDA、叶绿素含量对小白菜的补偿生长起到关键作用,是小白菜实现补偿生长的内在驱动机制。 相似文献
6.
外源水杨酸(SA)对高温胁迫下葡萄幼苗耐热性诱导研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《水土保持学报》2014,(3)
为探讨外源水杨酸(SA)对高温胁迫下葡萄幼苗耐热性的影响,以二年生克瑞森无核葡萄扦插苗为试验材料,对清洗干净的葡萄叶片喷施浓度为150μmol/L的水杨酸(SA)溶液,之后置于45℃高温胁迫10,30,60,120,240,480min,以喷施蒸馏水后置于45℃高温胁迫10,30,60,120,240,480min为对照,研究外源水杨酸对可溶性蛋白含量、蛋白激酶活性、游离脯氨酸含量、电解质渗透率、丙二醛含量生理指标的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫下外源水杨酸(SA)增加可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸的含量;外源水杨酸诱导葡萄叶片蛋白激酶活性,促进蛋白磷酸化反应。可溶性蛋白含量变化与蛋白激酶活性的变化具有高度的一致性,即胁迫60min时可溶性蛋白含量增加到最大,蛋白激酶活性也同时增高到最大值;随着胁迫时间的延长(60min),外源水杨酸显著降低丙二醛的含量和相对电导率。外源水杨酸随着高温胁迫时间的延长(60min)可以显著增加葡萄幼苗叶片内可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量,降低丙二醛含量和电解质渗透率,显著降低细胞膜质过氧化伤害;增强蛋白激酶活性,促进蛋白磷酸化的反应,提高葡萄的耐热性。 相似文献
7.
对3片真叶南瓜幼苗进行24h的25／15℃、15／10℃、10／5℃、5／0℃暗处理,用电导法测定其电导率。试验结果表明:处理材料渗透60min时所测得的电导率具有代表性,在5／0℃温度处理水平上测得的电导率能显著区分不同材料间适应低温胁迫的强弱,5／0℃可作为南瓜幼苗生长的极端低温,南瓜幼苗有适应低温胁迫的能力,但不同材料间具有一定差异,供试材料“344”、“360”、“151”表现出对低温胁迫的适应性,可作为抗寒资源加以利用。 相似文献
8.
为了探讨在水分和铅交互胁迫条件下,国槐（SophorajaponicaL．）幼苗抗氧化酶系统活性及渗透调节物质含量的变化,采用盆栽实验,研究不同水分处理（土壤相对含水率为40％、60％、80％、100％）及5个铅胁迫水平（0、300、500、1000、2000mg‘kg。）交互作用对抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量、可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明：在水分和铅的交互胁迫下,国槐幼苗叶片POD、SOD酶活性表现先升后降的趋势,与单一的水分胁迫、铅胁迫相比,交互作用对SOD、POD活性的影响规律性不明显,在一定程度上表现出协同或拮抗效应;随着水分胁迫的加剧和铅胁迫的增大,国槐幼苗叶片的MDA含量变化呈现升高的趋势。在铅含量〈2000mg·k^-1条件下,交互胁迫的国槐幼苗叶片MDA含量低于单一水分胁迫处理,表明国槐在交互胁迫下受到的膜伤害比单一水分胁迫下受到的膜伤害小;国槐幼苗叶片可溶性糖含量对水分胁迫较不敏感,且随着水分胁迫的加剧和铅胁迫的增加,叶片可溶性糖含量的变化比较复杂,但总体上呈先升后降的趋势;在铅含量500mg·kg。和40％水分胁迫处理下,可溶性糖含量显著高于对照（P〈0．01）,MDA含量与对照无明显差异;随着水分胁迫的加剧和铅胁迫的增大,脯氨酸含量逐渐升高;在40％水分胁迫下,重金属铅和水分胁迫对叶片中脯氨酸的积累有协同促进作用。适当的交互胁迫（铅含量300、500mg·kg。和40％水分处理）有利于提高国槐的抗逆性。 相似文献
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以4个茶树品种福鼎大白茶、鸠坑、龙井43和乌牛早7a生植株为研究对象,采用人工气候箱模拟高温（35℃和40℃）处理6、12、18、24、48h,取出后置于人工气候箱中（25℃）恢复3、6、9d,以未经高温处理置于人工气候箱中（温度25℃）的各品种茶树为对照（CK）,测定茶树叶片的最大净光合速率、荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性以及细胞伤害率。结果表明：高温胁迫显著抑制了茶树的最大净光合速率（Pnmax）和最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）,处理时间越长、温度越高,Pnmax和Fv/Fm下降越快,除35℃处理的福鼎大白茶外,其它3种茶树经过高温处理后,在恢复期间其Fv/Fm无法恢复至正常水平;茶树叶片的SOD酶活性在高温处理的前12h迅速上升,随着处理时间的延长,其活性降低;叶片MDA含量的平均值在高温处理第48小时达到最大,恢复期间缓慢下降;随着处理温度的升高和处理时间的延长,各茶树叶片的细胞伤害率均呈增加趋势。4种茶树耐热性的强弱由高到低依次为福鼎大白茶＞乌牛早＞鸠坑＞龙井43。 相似文献
10.
以4个茶树品种福鼎大白茶、鸠坑、龙井43和乌牛早7a生植株为研究对象,采用人工气候箱模拟高温（35℃和40℃）处理6、12、18、24、48h,取出后置于人工气候箱中（25℃）恢复3、6、9d,以未经高温处理置于人工气候箱中（温度25℃）的各品种茶树为对照（CK）,测定茶树叶片的最大净光合速率、荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性以及细胞伤害率。结果表明：高温胁迫显著抑制了茶树的最大净光合速率（Pnmax）和最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）,处理时间越长、温度越高,Pnmax和Fv/Fm下降越快,除35℃处理的福鼎大白茶外,其它3种茶树经过高温处理后,在恢复期间其Fv/Fm无法恢复至正常水平;茶树叶片的SOD酶活性在高温处理的前12h迅速上升,随着处理时间的延长,其活性降低;叶片MDA含量的平均值在高温处理第48小时达到最大,恢复期间缓慢下降;随着处理温度的升高和处理时间的延长,各茶树叶片的细胞伤害率均呈增加趋势。4种茶树耐热性的强弱由高到低依次为福鼎大白茶＞乌牛早＞鸠坑＞龙井43。 相似文献
11.
A total of 1,383 accessions of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) held in the USDA-National Small Grains Collection, Aberdeen were screened for resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria
graminis f. sp. hordei) in the Czech Republic. They were subsequently tested at the seedling stage for reaction to selected powdery mildew pathotypes and simultaneously for their adult plant resistance in the field. One hundred and twenty-three accessions exhibited resistance to 22 pathotypes in the greenhouse tests (reaction type 2–3 or lower) as well as resistance to the natural population of this pathogen in the field in the Czech Republic during at least 2-year testing. These accessions represent large amount of promising sources in breeding barley for resistance to powdery mildew. 相似文献
12.
One hundred and forty-seven Chinese barley varieties maintained at the Gene Bank of the National Barley Improvement Centre,
Zhejiang, and 84 progenies from these varieties were tested at the seedling stage for their reaction to 32 selected pathotypes
of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Eighteen resistance spectra were identified comprising single or combined resistances from eight known (Ml(Bw), Ml(Ch), Mla7, Mla8, Mla9, Mla13, MlaRu4 and Mlg) and six unknown resistance genes. The most frequent gene was Ml(Bw), which was found in 69 varieties and previously detected in only a few European winter barley varieties. The genes Mla8 and Ml(Ch) were also often present, but other resistance genes were rare. After inoculation, considerably fewer pathogen colonies were
observed in ‘Aiganqi’ and one line of ‘Tong5’. Twenty varieties were composed of lines with different resistance genes. China
is likely to be a region of origin of the genes Ml(Bw), Mla7, as well as three unknown genes found in original landraces and perhaps another three unknown genes detected in cultivars
bred in China. The resistances of varieties from the Zhejiang province and those originating from 11 other Chinese provinces
were quite different. Unfortunately, none of the varieties are promising sources of resistance to powdery mildew and China
does not seem to be a region suitable for identifying such sources. 相似文献
13.
M. W. Farnham E. H. Davis J. T. Morgan J. P. Smith 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(6):797-801
A common garden crop grown in the coastal plain region of North and South Carolina (United States) is the non-heading, leafy
green type of Brassica oleracea L. known as collard (B. oleracea L. subsp. oleracea convar. acephala (DC.) Alef. var. viridis L.). Predominantly a fall and winter vegetable in this region, collard is often the only green planting to be found in the
yard or garden of a rural home during these cool seasons. Historically, the traditional collard patch and even commercial
fields were planted with unique varieties perpetuated by individual seed savers, and collectively, the regional diversity
for this crop was probably very significant for well over a century. Genetic erosion of this collard germplasm pool has been
severe in recent decades as commercial hybrids have been adopted by both large-scale producers and home gardeners. Although
a significant number of collard landraces are being perpetuated to this day, existing diversity among landraces still grown
in the region is now in the hands of an aging population of seed savers who maintain germplasm through on-farm preservation.
From 2003 to 2006, we explored the coastal plain region of North and South Carolina in search of collard gardens containing
traditional landraces. Exploration trips were conducted mid-winter to early spring. About 90 samples of collard were obtained
from seed savers during the course of this exploration. Observations of morphological differences of these landraces indicate
that significant diversity exists in this group. Obtained landraces are being deposited into the U.S. plant introduction collection
and will be available for future use. This preserved collection could prove to be an important new source of genes for B. oleracea improvement. 相似文献
14.
Stemflow in three shrubs and its effect on soil water enhancement in semiarid loess region of China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Xiao-Yan Li Lian-You Liu Shang-Yu Gao Yu-Jun Ma Zhi-Peng Yang 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2008,148(10):1501-1507
Stemflow of three semiarid shrubs (Tamarix ramosissima, Caragana korshinskii and Reaumuria soongorica) and its effect on soil water enhancement were evaluated during the growing season of 2004 and 2005 in the semiarid loess region of China. The results indicated that stemflow averaged 2.2%, 3.7% and 7.2% of the bulk precipitation for T. ramosissima, R. soongorica and C. korshinskii, respectively. Individual stemflow increased in a linear function with increasing rainfall depth, while it tended to increase with rain intensity when rain intensity was less than 2 mm h−1, but showed an opposite trend when rain intensity was greater than 2 mm h−1.The relationship between funnelling ratios and rainfall suggested that there existed a rainfall depth threshold of 11 mm for C. korshinskii and 17 mm for both T. ramosissima and R. soongorica. Funnelling ratios positively increased with increasing rainfall depth before the rainfall depth threshold values had been reached but showed a decreasing trend after the rainfall depth threshold. Average funnelling ratios were 153.5 ± 66.2, 53.2 ± 25.7 and 24.8 ± 15.3 for C. korshinskii, R. soongorica and T. ramosissima, respectively, indicating canopy architecture of the three shrubs was an effective funnel to channel stemflow to the root area, and C. korshinskii showed greater potential to use stemflow water in the arid conditions. For individual rainfall events the wetting front depths in the rooting zone around the stems of the shrubs were 1.2–4.5, 1.4–3.8 and 1.4–2.8 times deeper than that in the bare area outside canopy for C. korshinskii, T. ramosissima and R. soongorica, respectively; correspondingly, soil water content was also significantly higher in the root area around the shrub stem than that in the area outside the shrub canopy. This confirms that shrub stemflow conserved in the deep soil layers may be an available moisture source for plant growth under arid conditions. 相似文献
15.
One hundred and twenty-one of 123 previously detected new sources of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) resistant to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei), and originating from Mediterranean area, and 20 standards were tested at the seedling stage for reaction to 38 selected Israeli powdery mildew isolates. The obtained resistance spectrum (a set of resistant and susceptible reactions) of each accession was divided into triplets and converted to octal numbers. This concentrates information on the resistance phenotype of each accession and makes their comparison much easier. One hundred and thirty-four different resistance spectra were determined. No compatible reaction was found in standards possessing genes mlo and Mlhb2 and in the accession PI 466634. The results demonstrate large diversity in new resistance sources, their distinction from the sources described till now as well as diversity in powdery mildew resistance of wild barley in the Mediterranean area. The results facilitate more effective further studies of such a large set of new resistance sources, and contribute to speeding up their use in barley breeding. 相似文献
16.
17.
Valeria Negri Nicola Tosti Mario Falcinelli Fabio Veronesi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2000,47(2):141-146
Thirteen landraces of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata cv. gr. Unguiculata) have been morphologically and agronomically characterised as part of a plan for safeguarding and protecting plant biodiversity typical of Lake Trasimeno (Umbria, central Italy). Sixty plants per accession were scored for plant vigour, growth habit, flower colour, days to flowering, days to first mature pod, pod length, total number of pods produced, seed colour pattern, 100 seed weight, total seed yield and virus susceptibility. With the exception of vigour and growth habit, all landraces appeared to be well differentiated from one another for all the characters considered. Strategies and problems related to their in situ conservation are discussed. 相似文献
18.
D. Minoo V. N. Jayakumar S. S. Veena J. Vimala A. Basha K. V. Saji K. Nirmal Babu K. V. Peter 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(3):459-470
Vanilla is naturally distributed in Mexico and parts of Central America and the history of origin of cultivated vanilla suggests
that the entire stock outside Mexico may be from a single genetic source. In the present study, RAPD polymorphism was used
to estimate the level of genetic diversity and interrelationships among different collections of Vanilla planifolia Andr., and few related species, including both leafy and leafless types such as V. tahitensis J.W.Moore, V. andamanica, Rolfe, V. pilifera Holtt., and V. aphylla Blume. Studies revealed that there are very limited variation within collections of V. planifolia, indicative of its narrow genetic base, and of the related species we tested, V. tahitensis is nearest to V. planifolia. The species studied are diverse and have a similarity ranging from 1.2 to 57.3 %. Of the sampled taxa, V. andamanica is the most divergent and there is also reasonable variability within its collections, indicating the possibility of natural
seed set. A total of 82 polymorphic bands expressed in the RAPD profiles were used to generate a genetic distance matrix,
which was then used in cluster analysis. Specific groupings were revealed by the cluster analysis whereby the leafless forms
(V. aphylla, V. pilifera and the new species) and V. andamanica formed separate clusters. This is the first report of species interrelationship studies, including both cultivated and wild
vanilla species. 相似文献
19.
Jürgen Lutz Sai L. K. Hsam E. Limpert Friedrich J. Zeller 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1994,41(3):151-158
Summary A collection of 400 Ae. tauschii (syn. Ae. squarrosa) Coss. accessions were screened for powdery mildew resistance based on the response patterns of 13 wheat cultivars/lines possessing major resistance genes to nine differential mildew isolates. 106 accessions showed complete resistance to all isolates, and 174 accessions revealed isolate-specific resistance, among which were 40 accessions exhibiting an identical response pattern as wheat cultivar Ulka/*8Cc which is known to possess resistance gene Pm2. Expression of both complete and isolate-specific resistance from Ae. tauschii was observed in some synthetic hexaploid wheats derived from four mildew susceptible T. durum Desf. parents, each crossed with five to 38 resistant diploid Ae. tauschii accessions. Synthetic amphiploids involving different combinations of T. durum and Ae. tauschii generally showed a decrease in resistance compared with that expressed by the Ae. tauschii parental lines. 相似文献
20.
S. D. Segura G. Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge C. H. Ocampo P. Ollitrault 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(4):455-463
In a general study of banana passion fruit genetic resources, diversity was analyzed in the two main cultigens, P. tripartita
var. mollissima and P. tarminiana, and their closest wild relative, P. mixta, scoring isozyme bands (IDH,PGM,ACP,PGD,DIA,andPRX)
on288 plants from 31 accessions. Polymorphismandallelic richness, Nei diversity indices, and neighbor joining clustering showed
that variation was poor in the cultigens in northern and central Colombia, while P. mixta appeared much more polymorphic.
The populations of P. tripartita var. mollissima and P. mixta from southern Colombia and Ecuador show higher diversity values
and are clearly differentiated from those of central and northern Colombia. This geographic component of variation is even
stronger than the interspecific one, which suggests a close relation and a regular gene flow between these two species. In
contrast, all the accessions of P. tarminiana constitute a clearly differentiated group, even if some introgression with P.
tripartita var. mollissima is also suspected. The high variation observed in the southern region indicates the proximity of
a center of diversity for banana passion fruit and collecting in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia is recommended. The high diversity
of P. mixta and the evidence of gene flow with P. tripartita var. mollissima constitute a favorable context for the implementation
of in situ conservation strategies. 相似文献