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1.
At each 8 chickens of the race "white leghorn" analyses of the body weight as well of the wet weight and the concentration of DNA and of RNA in different tissues from the 2nd to the 203rd day after hatching were performed. On the 2nd day after hatching the DNA-concentration in the brain amounted to 1.50 +/- 0.12, in the heart-muscle to 2.86 +/- 0.19, in the lung to 7.23 +/- 0.19 and in the liver to 2.86 +/- 0.20 mg/g wet weight. The highest content of nuclei in the brain of 1.38 x 10(9) was estimated on the 56th, in the heart-muscle of 1.94 x 10(9) on the 168th day, in the lung of 16.86 x 10(9) on the 112th day and in the liver of 69.81 x 10(9) on the 203rd day. Further the RNA:DNA- and the wet weight:DNA-ratio of the different tissues was calculated.  相似文献   

2.
The highest DNA concentration so far recorded from organs of turkey chicken one day after hatching was the lung value of 8.61 +/- 0.20 mg/g of fresh matter, while the lowest level amounted to 1.92 +/- 0.11 mg/g and was linked to the myocardium. DNA concentrations in the spleen went up from 5.93 +/- 0.26 mg/g on the first day to 13.04 +/- 0.93 mg/g on the 224th day. The highest total amount of DNA on the 224th day was 314.6 +/- 30.23 mg/g in the liver. A high RNA concentration on the first day from hatching was 8.74 +/- 0.14 mg/g in the liver and the lowest 2.51 +/- 0.12 mg/g in the myocardium. DNA levels for the whole period under review (first through 224th days) rose by the following factors: 246.3 in the spleen, 87.4 in the pancreas, 76.6 in the liver, 60 in the duodenum, 40.5 in the kidneys, 18 in the lung, and 31.3 in the myocardium. Functional implications relating to DNA, RNA, and protein variations are discussed in some detail.  相似文献   

3.
为研究日粮中不同铁水平对绵羊免疫功能的影响，探究绵羊饲养过程中铁过量的风险，试验在绵羊基础日粮中分别添加铁500、1 000、1 500 mg/kg（硫酸亚铁形式），饲养75 d后宰杀，采取绵羊免疫器官（脾脏、胸腺、肝门淋巴结、十二指肠淋巴结及腭扁桃体），应用传统病理学方法观察以上器官的组织结构变化、含铁血黄素分布，并测定组织铁含量的变化情况。结果显示，绵羊饲喂过量铁后，脾脏白髓占比减小，淋巴细胞数量减少、排列疏松，伴有肿大、空泡化现象，红髓内有大量含铁血黄素沉积；胸腺皮质区变薄，髓质区变厚且融合，胸腺小体数量减少、结构模糊；肝门淋巴结、十二指肠淋巴结皮质与髓质区变薄、界限模糊，皮质淋巴窦与髓窦间隙增大，淋巴小结结构模糊；腭扁桃体实质内淋巴小结数量减少，毛细血管后微静脉有充血现象。饲喂过量铁后，各免疫器官组织铁含量均升高，其中脾脏内铁含量最多，腭扁桃体内最少，铁低、中、高剂量组脾脏铁含量极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。结果表明，饲喂过量铁后，绵羊免疫器官组织结构均遭到不同程度破坏，且随着铁添加量越多，组织结构破坏程度越明显；各免疫器官中铁蓄积量与日粮中铁添加水平呈正相关，摄入过量铁严重影响绵羊免疫功能，因此在绵羊饲养过程中，要严格遵守美国NRC（1985）饲料标准，日粮中铁水平不要超过500 mg/kg。  相似文献   

4.
A study was performed to determine the residues in blood and edible tissues of healthy ducks (25 days old, mean body weight 1.0+/-0.13 kg) after subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur sodium at a dose rate of 2 mg/kg body weight (Group I) and 4 mg/kg body weight (Group II). Blood, muscle, liver, kidney, and fat samples were collected from all of ducks on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th day after treatment of drug, and ceftiofur was analyzed with a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay with results reported as ceftiofur-free acid equivalent (CFAE). To study the spiked recovery, blank plasma and tissues were spiked with two different concentrations of ceftiofur sodium (0.1, 0.5 microg/g). Average recovery values for all samples ranged from 70.3 to 87.3%. In the group I, desfuroylceftiofur acetamide (DCA) was not detected in all of plasma, muscle, liver, and fat tissues on the 1st day after treatment. But, kidney samples on the 1st day were detected DCA (0.059+/-0.01 microg CFAE/g tissue). On the 2nd day of post-treatment, the concentrations of DCA in all tissues were lower than the detection limit, 0.05 microg CFAE /g tissue. In the group II on the 1st day after treatment, the concentration of DCA was 0.124+/-0.06 microg CFAE/g tissue, 0.103+/-0.03 microg CFAE/g tissue, and 0.071+/-0.010 microg CFAE/g tissue in plasma, kidney, and muscle samples, respectively. On the 2nd day after treatment of ceftiofur, the concentrations of DCA in all tissues were lower than 0.05 microg CFAE/g tissue. According to our results, the concentrations of DCA on the 1st day after treatment with 2 mg/kg body weight were below 0.05 microg CFAE/g tissue equivalent in all tissues except for kidney. On the 2nd day after administration at the dose of 4 mg/kg body weight, no DCA was also detected in all of the tissues although DCA was detected in all samples on the 1st day.  相似文献   

5.
At chicken of the race "White Leghorn" the content of nuclei in the kidney was highest (14.60 x 10(9)) on the 203rd, in the spleen on the 112th (14.85 x 10(9)), in the gizzard on the 112th (18,24 x 10(9)) and in the M. pectoralis superficialis on the 168th day (36.42 x 10(9)) after hatching. The biggest fresh weight:DNA-ratio was determined in the kidney on the 203rd (285), in the spleen on the 28th (92) and in the gizzard (694) and in the M. pectoralis superficialis (1984) on the 203rd day. The DNA-concentration on the 2nd day after hatching in the kidney was 4,56 +/- 0,36, in the spleen 11.49 +/- 0.84, in the gizzard 1.85 +/- 0.13 and in the M. pectoralis superficialis 2.96 +/- 0.18 mg/g wet weight respectively the RNA:DNA-ratio in these tissues 1.00, 0.88, 1.70 and 0.85. The growth of tissues by the increase of the number of cells (hyperplasia) and of the volume of cells (hypertrophy) is described.  相似文献   

6.
Twelve sheep were experimentally infected with a phytohemagglutinin (PHA) treated short term culture of lymphocytes from a cow naturally infected with BLV at the PL stage. Five of 12 (42%) BLV infected sheep had histologically confirmed lymphosarcoma 10-16 months after infection. The PBL's were increased to leukemic levels 3-21 weeks before death due to lymphoblastic leukemia. Lymphocyte proliferation and appearance of immature lymphocytes and lymphoblastic cells in the blood were a characteristic feature of tumour development following inoculation with an Australian strain of BLV. In contrast to a number of previous studies the peripheral lymph nodes of all infected sheep were clinically normal throughout the experimental period but at death gross tumours were evident in the mesentric lymph nodes and the heart in all cases. All the other lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidney and lung were histologically infiltrated with lymphoid tumour cells. Gross tumours were present in the abomasum (1 out of 5) in the urinary tract (2 out of 5) and in the uterus (1 out of 2). The majority of the tumour cells isolated from the various tissues were centroblastic demonstrating that the malignant leukemia in experimentally infected sheep was of a multicentric centroblastic type. The central nervous system was not involved in any case.  相似文献   

7.
Brain, spleen, and selected lymph nodes from sheep with clinical signs of scrapie were analyzed for presence of proteinase K-resistant protein (PrP-res). Diagnosis of scrapie on the basis of detection of PrP-res was compared with diagnosis on the basis of histologic evaluation of the brain from clinically affected or exposed sheep. Proteinase K-resistant protein was found in every brain that was histologically positive for scrapie, and in addition, was found in the brain of several clinically positive sheep that were not diagnosed as scrapie-positive by histologic evaluation. Proteinase K-resistant protein was also found in 87% of the spleens and lymph nodes from sheep that had PrP-res detected in brain homogenates. Therefore, analysis of sheep brain, spleen, or lymph nodes for PrP-res provided a diagnostic approach that was superior to histologic examination alone for detection of naturally scrapie agent-infected sheep.  相似文献   

8.
A single oral dose of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (50 mg/kg) produced detectable residues in the following tissues; adrenal, bile, fat, heart, kidney (cortex), kidney (medulla), liver, lung, lymph node (mesenteric), muscle, serum, spleen, thyroid and urine. The highest residue levels were observed in the urine (441 μg/mL) at three hours after administration and they were still present at 48 hours. Maximum serum levels were observed at two hours after administration. Bile samples were positive for inhibitors in all animals sampled. Drug residues were not detected in spleen, thyroid, lymph node, adrenals and heart at 48 hours.

Drug levels in important edible tissues were expressed as a percentage of drug levels in two tissues with high drug concentrations — urine and kidney cortex. The percentages were highly variable when compared with urine and much less variable when compared to kidney cortex.

Kidney cortex appears to be an excellent tissue for drug residue monitoring.

  相似文献   

9.
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive metabolite of various fungi, especially of Penicillium roqueforti, and can be found in considerable amounts in mouldy silage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of MPA on sheep. Thirty-six castrated male sheep aged 7 +/- 1 months were randomly divided into four groups of nine sheep. Different dosages of MPA were administered orally to all groups (group 1/2/3/4: 0/10/70/300 mg MPA/animal daily) for a period of 44 days. Throughout the trial, the sheep were examined daily. Jugular vein blood was taken twice weekly to analyse haematological and biochemical parameters. No significant influence was observed on the number of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leucocytes (including differentiation), packed cell volume, haemoglobin-, glucose- and bilirubin-concentration, activity of alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Even an oral application of up to 300 mg MPA/animal daily, which is equivalent to 5.4 mg/kg body weight, did not affect the sheep's general state of health and weight gain significantly. Mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide were analysed in plasma samples of groups treatments from day 1 on with mean concentrations up to 0.29 +/- 0.13 microg/ml (MPA) and 11.0 +/- 2.9 microg/ml (MPA glucuronide) respectively (group 4). There were no indications for a ruminal reduction of MPA. The postmortem dissection revealed minor alterations in lung, spleen, liver and kidneys, unrelated to the MPA dosage. The results of the study indicate that MPA concentrations occurring naturally in silage have no obvious impact on sheep health.  相似文献   

10.
Experiments were carried out with six sheep of the Slovak Merino breed, weighing 22-28 kg. For 28 days the animals were given 4 mg inorganic Hg2+ in the feed per animal/day. In contrast with the controls, the following residual mercury concentrations were determined in the single organs and tissues: liver 1.580 +/- 0.326 mg.kg-1 Hg2+ and 0.091 +/- 0.014 mg.kg-1 Hg2+, respectively muscle 0.064 +/- 0.009 mg.kg-1 Hg2+, and 0.026 +/- 0.006 mg.kg-1 Hg2+, resp. spleen 0.142 +/- 0.025 mg.kg-1 Hg2+, and 0.022 +/- 0.010 mg.kg-1 Hg2+, resp. kidney 9.054 +/- 3.794 mg.kg-1 Hg2+, and 0.128 +/- 0.080 mg.kg-1 Hg2+, resp. (Fig. 1), abomasal contents 0.309 +/- 0.069 mg.kg-1 Hg2+, and 0.021 +/- 0.007 mg.kg-1 Hg2+, resp. large intestinal contents 0.267 +/- 0.058 mg.kg-1 Hg2+, and 0.043 +/- 0.004 mg.kg-1 Hg2+, resp. The results suggest that the long-term ingestion of mercury with feed leads to a pronounced Hg accumulation in the kidneys and liver. Much lower levels were observed in the muscle tissue and spleen. The affinity of mercury to the kidney and liver is probably related to the preferential bonds of organic mercury compounds to the SH- groups of the plasma proteins in these organs. It is the bond to the sulphydryl groups of proteins that results in the inhibition of proteosynthesis and thus enzyme and antibody inhibition. Under the conditions of continuing chemical contamination of the environment, a permanent supply of low concentrations of heavy metals the animal organism is observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

11.
The usefulness of detecting the scrapie-associated fibrillar protein (PrP) in the lymphoreticular organs of sheep as a diagnostic tool was investigated. The PrP was detected by means of a rabbit-anti-sheep PrP polyclonal antibody by Western blot analysis. PrP was detected in samples from the central nervous system (CNS) of five of six sheep showing clinical signs of natural scrapie infection, in spleen samples from four of the six sheep and in lymph node samples taken from three of the sheep. PrP was detected in the spleen and lymph node samples, but not in the CNS samples from one of the six sheep that was clinically and histopathologically abnormal. This animal appeared to be in the early clinical stage of the disease. A total of 47 clinically normal sheep were examined for the presence of PrP. It was detected in spleen samples from three of the 47 sheep and in lymph node samples from three of the 39 sheep tested. Similarly, PrP was detected in a sample of lymph node obtained surgically from one of three experimentally infected sheep 14 months after inoculation. The PrP-positive sheep and one of the remaining PrP-negative sheep showed clinical signs of scrapie six and five months later respectively. One sheep euthanased 18 months after experimental infection was positive for PrP in the CNS, spleen and lymph node, but five other sheep which were killed or died two, eight, 16, 18 and 21 months after infection were negative or doubtful for the detection of PrP.  相似文献   

12.
为研究不同毒力的PRRSV对仔猪肺脏和外周免疫器官损伤的差异,本实验分别采用PRRSV变异株(HuN4株)和PRRSV经典株(CH-1a株)感染35日龄健康的断奶仔猪,并在感染后0 d、3 d、7 d、10 d和14 d各迫杀3头,检测肺、颌下淋巴结、肠系淋巴结、腹股沟淋巴结、扁桃体和脾脏的病毒载量及病理变化情况,同时检测血清中抗PRRSV的抗体水平。结果表明:感染后3 d肺脏及各免疫器官可检测到病毒,HuN4感染组病毒载量比CH-1a感染组病毒载量高1 000倍;HuN4感染组病毒载量峰值出现在感染后10 d,而CH-1a感染组维持着较低水平的病毒载量。组织病理学检测显示HuN4感染组淋巴结内淋巴细胞显著减少,呈空泡状;CH-1a感染组淋巴结内淋巴细胞轻度减少,呈星隙状。本实验表明HuN4株比CH-1a株对肺和外周免疫器官造成更严重的损伤。  相似文献   

13.
The generation of aromatic-dependent (aro-) Salmonella havana (Group G2, 01, 13, 23) from a smooth wild-type parent strain by transduction with phage P1 is reported. Mice immunized with this live aro- S. havana strain (CS234) by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route were protected against challenge with wild-type S. havana, whereas those immunized by the oral route were not. Mice immunized with two doses of formalin-killed aro- S. havana by the i.p. route were also unprotected, in spite of high antibody titers. However, only those mice immunized with live aro- S. havana by the i.p. route developed significant delayed-type hypersensitivity. Following i.p. inoculation in mice, the aro- S. havana strain CS234 was detected in the liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes on day 9 but not on day 15 post-inoculation (p.i.). On the other hand, when mice were inoculated with the parent wild-type strain (CS4) or the aro- derivative strain CS234 by the oral route, the organisms were recovered from the mesenteric lymph nodes and intestine only on day 3 but not on day 6 post-inoculation. In sheep inoculated with the aro- strain CS234 in the gastroc muscle, organisms were recovered from the muscle, and popliteal and medial iliac lymph nodes for up to 21 but not 28 days p.i. However, no mutant organisms were recovered from liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes or faeces. In orally-inoculated sheep, the mutant organisms were recovered from the mesenteric lymph nodes, rumen, intestinal contents, and faeces up to 14-21 days post-inoculation but not at 28 days. When sheep immunised with the aro- S. havana strain CS234 by the intramuscular or oral route were challenged with the parent wild-type S. havana strain CS4 by the oral route, the latter strain was detectable in the mesenteric lymph nodes and faeces of immune sheep up to 14 days post-challenge in contrast with the non-immune sheep, where the challenge strain was detectable even at 28 days post-challenge. Only sheep immunized by the intramuscular route developed high antibody levels and delayed-type hypersensitivity.  相似文献   

14.
Norfloxacin was given to 2 groups of chickens (8 chickens/group) at a dosage of 8 mg/kg of body weight, IV and orally. For 24 hours, plasma concentration was monitored serially after each administration. Another group of chickens (n = 30) was given 8 mg of norfloxacin/kg orally every 24 hours for 4 days, and plasma and tissue concentrations of norfloxacin and its major metabolites desethylenenorfloxacin and oxonorfloxacin were determined serially after the last administration of the drug. Plasma and tissue concentrations of norfloxacin, desethylenenorfloxacin, and oxonorfloxacin were measured by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic variables were calculated, using a 2-compartment open model. For norfloxacin, the elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) and the mean +/- SEM residence time for plasma were 12.8 +/- 0.59 and 15.05 +/- 0.81 hours, respectively, after oral administration and 8.0 +/- 0.3 and 8.71 +/- 0.23 hours, respectively, after IV administration. After single oral administration, norfloxacin was absorbed rapidly, with Tmax of 0.22 +/- 0.02 hour. Maximal plasma concentration was 2.89 +/- 0.20 microgram/ml. Oral bioavailability of norfloxacin was found to be 57.0 +/- 2.4%. In chickens, norfloxacin was mainly converted to desethylenenorfloxacin and oxonorfloxacin. Norfloxacin parent drug and its 2 major metabolites were widely distributed in tissues. Considerable tissue concentrations of norfloxacin, desethylenenorfloxacin, and oxonorfloxacin were found when norfloxacin was administered orally (8 mg/kg on 4 successive days). The concentration of the parent fluoroquinolone in fat, kidneys, and liver was 0.05 micrograms/g on day 12 after the end of dosing.  相似文献   

15.
The following ascorbic acid levels were recorded from different organs of cattle, with all values quoted being related to mg/100 g fresh matter: 150 +/- 20 in pituitary gland, 170 +/- 40 in left adrenal gland, 45.5 +/- 12.5 in spleen, 38.1 +/- 7.3 in liver, 30.0 +/- 8.5 in cerebrum, 23.2 +/- 7.2 in cerebellum, 16.4 +/- 6.1 in kidney, 11.0 +/- 2.9 in heart, and 9.1 +/- 2.1 in M. longissimus dorsi. The ascorbic acid level in blood plasma of normally developed piglets was 6.5 +/- 2.7 mg/dl and was thus higher with significance (p less than 0.01) than that recorded from splayleg piglets which was 2.3 +/- 0.96 mg/dl. The levels in the M. semimembranosus and M. semitendinosus in piglets of moderate birth weight were higher, as well (p less than 0.05). The liver level in pigs for slaughter was 30.8 +/- 9.0 mg/100 g lower than that in piglets. Piglets exhibited genetically founded differences in their capability of biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. The highest ascorbic acid level in dog was recorded from the pituitary and adrenal glands, values being 135.5 +/- 7.5 mg/100 g fresh matter or 90.3 +/- 37.8 mg/100 g. Their liver level was 27.9 +/- 11.9 mg/100 g.  相似文献   

16.
The objectives of this study were to characterize the tissue compositional changes in porcine mammary glands after weaning and to determine whether administration of estradiol alters the profile of these tissue changes. Forty-five primiparous sows were assigned randomly to one of two treatment groups after weaning, control or estrogen treated. Estrogen-treated sows received twice-daily injections of estradiol-17beta (0.125 mg/kg of BW); control sows received vehicle injections. Sows were weaned at d 21 of lactation and killed on either d 0 (d of weaning; n = 5) or on d 2, 3, 4, 5, or 7 after weaning (n = 4 per treatment on each day). Teat order relative to suckling behavior was observed on the day before weaning to determine which mammary glands the piglets suckled. Suckled and non-suckled glands were identified from the teat order observation, and individual mammary glands were collected at slaughter. Mammary glands were trimmed of skin and extraneous fat pad, individually weighed, and bisected to measure cross-sectional area. The remaining half of each gland was ground and stored at -20 degrees C for chemical analyses. Frozen tissue was used for measuring tissue DNA, DM, protein, fat, and ash contents. Suckled mammary glands of sows undergo significant and dramatic changes during the initial 7 d after weaning, with significant changes occurring even by d 2 after weaning. Mean cross-sectional area of parenchymal tissue in suckled mammary glands decreased from 59.7 +/- 2.1 cm2 on the day of weaning to 26.8 +/- 2.3 cm2 by d 7 after weaning (P < 0.0001). Mammary gland wet weight decreased from 485.9 +/- 22.0 g on the day of weaning to 151.5 +/- 24.8 g by d 7 after weaning (P < 0.0001), whereas DNA decreased from 838.8 +/- 46.2 g on the day of weaning to 278.4 +/- 52.5 g by d 7 after weaning (P < 0.0001). The changes in gland wet weight and DNA during the period of mammary gland involution in the sow represent loses of over two-thirds of the parenchymal mass and nearly two-thirds of the cells that were present on the day of weaning. Estrogen treatment did not affect overall mammary involution during the first 7 d after weaning. Mammary glands that were not suckled during lactation had no further loss of parenchymal tissue during the first 7 d after weaning. Mammary gland involution in the sow is a rapid process and is probably irreversible within 2 or 3 d after weaning.  相似文献   

17.
Absorption rate and plasma and fat disposition of lindane after various lindane percutaneous treatments in shorn and unshorn sheep were investigated. To analyze data with a deconvolution method, IV administration was performed to determine the basic pharmacokinetic values of lindane in sheep. After IV administration, the steady state volume of distribution was very high (8.07 +/- 3.60 L/kg of body weight), and the mean residence time was long (28.1 +/- 11.7 hours). Deconvolution analysis indicated that lindane absorption was continuous until 33 to 41 days after spraying with a 0.025% lindane solution. Total amount of absorbed lindane in shorn (15,171 +/- 4,463 micrograms/kg) sheep was about twice that in unshorn (7,615 +/- 3,128 micrograms/kg) sheep; from deconvolution analysis, it was calculated that the time required for 50% of the available dose to be absorbed was between 115 and 179 hours. After percutaneous lindane administration, the fat concentration was compared with the available lindane dose. The apparent half-life of lindane elimination in fat was 225 +/- 47.4 hours, which is similar to the value calculated for the absorption rate constant. By comparing fat and plasma concentrations, it was calculated that for a mean plasma concentration of 5 ng/ml, the fat lindane concentration was 1.65 +/- 0.87 micrograms/g (ie, lower than the generally accepted tolerance level of 2 micrograms/g).  相似文献   

18.
The effects of different doses and dosage regimens on gentamicin pharmacokinetics and tissue residues were determined. Five groups of 12 sheep each were given gentamicin IM: group I, 2 mg of gentamicin sulfate/kg once; group II, 6 mg/kg once; group III, 18 mg/kg once; group IV, 6 mg/kg every 24 hours for 3 doses; and group V, 2 mg/kg every 8 hours for 9 doses. Serum concentrations were determined serially until sheep were killed and necropsied. Three sheep from each group were killed at 1, 4, 8, and 12 days after the last dose was administered. Renal cortex, renal medulla, liver, spleen, lung, skeletal muscle, and skeletal muscle at the injection site were assayed for gentamicin. An exponential equation was fitted to the serum concentrations, and various pharmacokinetic variables were determined. Serum clearance tended to increase as the single dose increased (P = 0.0588). Steady-state volume of distribution increased as the single dose was increased (P less than 0.05). Renal cortex contained the highest concentration of gentamicin which decreased in a biexponential manner. Concentrations in all tissues, except the injection site, were dependent upon the amount of the total dose, not the size of the injected dose (P less than 0.05). Concentrations at the injection site were up to 29 micrograms/g of tissue at 1 day after the last dose was given and were dependent upon the amount of total dose from multiple injections, not on the amount of each injected dose (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

19.
根据高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,HP-PRRSV)的Nsp2基因部分缺失的特征,设计合成1对特异性引物,对长春某猪场4份疑似HP-PRRSV感染病死猪的淋巴结、脾脏、肺脏等病料进行RT-PCR检测,结果均扩增出226 bp的特异片段,与预想结果一致。取病死猪淋巴结、肺脏、脾脏等组织,用10%中性福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋,HE染色,进行病理组织学分析,结果显示,淋巴结和脾脏中淋巴细胞严重坏死,肺脏呈弥漫性间质性肺炎病变,肝脏、肾脏、脑等器官实质细胞均出现不同程度的损伤。  相似文献   

20.
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a mycotoxin commonly found as Penicillium genus secondary metabolite in feedstuffs and silages. Feeding with MPA contaminated silages may modulate the immune system in the farm animals and can cause appetite lost, ketosis, paralysis and abortion. The aim of the present study was to characterize the long-term MPA effect on both the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) isoforms I and II mRNA expression in white blood cells (WBC) and various tissue of healthy sheep. In treated animals 300 mg MPA/day/sheep was applied. In all investigated tissues the IMPDH I and II mRNA was abundant: WBC, spleen, thymus, ileum, jejunum, kidney, liver, pharyngeal and mesenterial lymph node. An efficiency-corrected relative quantification of the IMPDH types I and II isoforms mRNA were performed by normalizing with the constant reference gene expression of beta-actin. High IMPDH I mRNA expression levels were seen in kidney > mesenterial lymph node > jejunum > spleen > pharyngeal lymph node. Medium and low abundance was found in ileum > WBC > liver > thymus. Type II mRNA was highly expressed in liver > thymus > jejunum. In pharyngeal lymph node > spleen > ileum > mesenterial lymph node > kidney > WBC medium to low IMPDH II mRNA concentrations were detected. Under MPA treatment the IMPDH I mRNA expression was not significantly regulated in WBC, only trends of down- and upregulation were observed. Surprisingly in jejunum an upregulation could be observed (P < 0.05). In pharyngeal lymph node a tendency to downregulation was shown. This may be due to frequent ruminant activities and frequent exposition of MPA to the pharyngeal lymph nodes. In contrast to type I mRNA expression, IMPDH II mRNA was significantly downregulated in ileum (3.4-fold, P < 0.01) and tendencies in downregulation could be seen in jejunum (5.1-fold, P = 0.14). In addition, significant downregulation of IMPDH II gene expression over the entire feeding experiment could be shown in WBC of MPA-treated animals compared with untreated animals (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the recent study demonstrates that feeding sheep with MPA-contaminated silage did not induce IMPDH I mRNA expression in various tissues and blood, except in jejunum, but has suppressive effects on IMPDH II mRNA expression in WBC and ileum.  相似文献   

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