共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
《Agricultural Water Management》2005,74(1):23-46
The effects of opening tidal barriers (floodgates) upon water table levels and lateral transport of solutes adjacent drains was investigated at two sites on a coastal floodplain. The sites had contrasting geomorphology, soil texture and sediment hydraulic properties. The site with lower hydraulic conductivity (0.3–0.9 m day−1) soils (Romiaka) also had a higher elevation and hydraulic gradients towards the drain. While floodgate opening at Romiaka enhanced the amplitude of pre-existing tidal interaction with adjacent shallow groundwater, altered hydraulic gradients and caused some salt seepage, lateral solute movement from the drain was highly attenuated (<10 m). The site with very high hydraulic conductivity soils (Shark Creek; >125 m day−1) had a lower elevation and seasonally fluctuating hydraulic gradients. The introduction of a tidal pressure signal into the drain by opening the floodgate at Shark Creek caused tidal forcing of groundwater over 300 m from the drain. Floodgate opening at this site also caused changes in groundwater hydraulic gradients, leading to incursion of saline drain water into shallow groundwater over 80 m from the drain. Lateral movement of solutes was relatively rapid, due to macropore flow in oxidised acid sulfate soil horizons, and caused substantial changes to shallow groundwater chemical composition. Conversely, when groundwater hydraulic gradients were towards the drain at this site there was substantial lateral outflow of acid groundwater into drains. This study highlights the importance of assessing the hydraulic properties of soils next to drains on coastal floodplains prior to opening floodgates, particularly in acid sulfate soil backswamps, in order to prevent unintended saline intrusion into shallow groundwater. 相似文献
2.
《Agricultural Water Management》2005,73(2):87-111
Periodic opening of one-way tidal floodgates was undertaken on two coastal flood mitigation drains to promote exchange with estuarine water and improve drain water quality. The drains were located in areas with acid sulphate soils and their drainage water frequently had high acidity and low dissolved oxygen (DO). Tidal exchange via floodgate opening generally raised drain water pH levels through dilution and/or neutralisation of acidity. Increases in DO and moderation of extreme diurnal DO fluctuations were also observed. The magnitude and stability of the improved physico-chemical conditions was highly dependant on the volume and quality of tidal ingress water. Relatively rapid reversion (hours to days) in drain water pH and DO was observed once floodgates were closed again. The rate of reversion following floodgate closure was strongly related to outflow volumes, antecedent drain water quality conditions and groundwater levels. Floodgate opening caused changes in longitudinal drain water gradients and has potential to slow net drainage rates during non-flood periods. However, complex site specific interactions between drain water and adjacent groundwater can also occur. At one location, a 4-day floodgate opening event caused recharge of adjacent acid groundwater during the opening phase, raising the potentiometric groundwater level above local low tide minima. This was followed by tidally modulated draw down of acid groundwater and enhanced acid export in the period immediately following floodgate closure. There are also practical considerations, which limit the efficacy of floodgate opening as an acid management strategy. The low elevation (close to mean sea level) of some acid sulphate soil backswamps, combined with seasonal migration of the estuarine salt wedge, means there is considerable potential for saline overtopping of what is currently agricultural land. This constrains the magnitude and duration of controlled tidal exchange. Also, it is during wet periods that acid drainage outflow to the estuary is greatest. At such times the salinity and acid buffering capacity of estuarine water is often low, thus reducing the capacity of tidal exchange waters to neutralise acidity. 相似文献
3.
Recharge to the aquifer through seepage from irrigation canals is often quoted as one of the main causes for waterlogging
in Pakistan. In the design of drainage systems to control this waterlogging, rules-of-thumb are often used to quantify the
seepage from canals. This paper presents the option to use a groundwater model for a more detailed assessment. Groundwater
models may assist in evaluating the effect of recharge reducing measures such as interceptor drains along irrigation canals
and lining. These measures are commonly aimed at reducing the drainage requirement of adjacent agricultural lands.
In this paper an example is given of the application of a numerical groundwater model, aimed at assessing the effect of interceptor
drainage and canal lining in the Fordwah Eastern Sadiqia project, being a typical and well-monitored location in Pakistan.
The paper also presents references to other conditions. The model was used to obtain a better insight in the key hydraulic
parameters, such as the infiltration resistance of the bed and slopes of irrigation canals, the drain entry resistance of interceptor drains and the hydraulic conductivity of soil layers. The model was applied to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of interceptor drains under various conditions.
The results of the study show that the net percentage of intercepted seepage is too low to have a significant effect on the drainage requirement of the adjacent agricultural lands. Besides, the operation
of the system, with pumping required, is often an added headache for the institution responsible for operation of the system.
The marginal effect of interceptor drains and lining on the drainage requirement of adjacent agricultural land does not always
justify the large investments involved. It can be concluded that:
Relevant hydrological concepts and modelling parameters with respect to leakage from irrigation canals and interception by
interceptor drains are presented in a separate paper. 相似文献
| • | Use of rules-of-thumb to estimate components of the water balance of irrigation systems in designing drainage can be very misleading; |
| • | Interceptor drainage may cause induced seepage from irrigation canals, which is often an order of magnitude more than the net intercepted seepage; |
| • | Interceptor drains and canal lining do not significantly reduce the drainage requirements, or in other words, cannot prevent the need for the installation of a drainage system; |
| • | A numerical model can aid to evaluate proposed measures and strategies to alleviate water losses and drainage problems. |
4.
Effects of controlled drainage on N and P losses and N dynamics in a loamy sand with spring crops 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of controlled drainage on N and P losses from soil were examined in a 4-year field drainage experiment on a loamy sand in Southern Sweden. Of the three plots (0.2 ha each), one was drained by conventional subsurface drainage (CD), and two by controlled drainage (CWT1 and CWT2). The groundwater level in the CWT plots was naturally drained to at least 70 cm below the soil surface during the vegetation period between early spring and harvest but allowed to rise to 20 cm below the soil surface during the rest of the year. Measurements of precipitation, drain outflow, weir depths and air and soil temperatures were carried out hourly. Groundwater levels were measured and samples of drain outflow for analyses were collected twice a month. Mineral N contents in soil were measured three times a year and grain yields and N uptake in crops after harvest. 相似文献
5.
《Agricultural Water Management》2006,84(3):240-248
Relative performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the conceptual model SALTMOD was studied in simulating subsurface drainage effluent and root zone soil salinity in the coastal rice fields of Andhra Pradesh, India. Three ANN models viz. Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) were developed for this purpose. Both the ANNs and the SALTMOD were calibrated and validated using the field data of 1998–2001 for 35 and 55 m drain spacing areas. Data on irrigation depth, evapotranspiration, drain discharges, water table depths, mean monthly rainfall and temperature and drainage effluent salinity were used for ANN model training, testing and validation. It was observed that the BPNN model with feed forward learning rule with 6 processing elements in input layer and 1 hidden layer with 12 processing elements performed better than the other ANN models in predicting the root zone soil salinity and drainage effluent salinity. Considering coefficient of determination, model efficiency and variation between the observed and predicted salinity values as the evaluation parameters, the SALTMOD performed better in predicting root zone soil salinity and the BPNN performed better in predicting the drainage effluent salinity. Therefore, it was concluded that the BPNN with feed forward learning algorithm was a better model than SALTMOD in predicting salinity of drainage effluent from salt affected subsurface drained rice fields. 相似文献
6.
《Agricultural Water Management》2006,86(3):283-287
The poor water quality of sub-surface drainage, hereafter drainage, water generated in the western San Joaquin Valley in California creates management challenges for farmers and water managers. Elevated concentrations of salt and trace elements in agricultural drainage limit the disposal options. In this constrained environment, determining the original source of drainage water is a crucial step in developing appropriate drainage management policies. Numerical modeling results of near-surface water-table fluctuations indicate that the substantial groundwater rise observed in the vicinity of the region's major water supply canal could not be attributed solely to seepage from overlying irrigated fields. An inverse solution approach is used herein to test the theory that seepage from the canal itself and/or that from surface water retention ponds (designed to protect the structure from flash floods) is responsible for an accentuated groundwater mound. The results suggest that canal seepage is the more likely source of non-agricultural aquifer recharge. 相似文献
7.
In the irrigated western U.S. disposal of drainage water has become a significant economic and environmental liability. Development of irrigation water management practices that reduce drainage water volumes is essential. One strategy combines restricted drainage outflow (by plugging the drains) with deficit irrigation to maximize shallow groundwater consumption by crops, thus reducing drainage that needs disposal. This approach is not without potential pitfalls; upward movement of groundwater in response to crop water uptake may increase salt and sodium concentrations in the root zone. The purposes for this study were: to observe changes in the spatial and temporal distributions of SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) and salt in a field managed to minimize drainage discharge; to determine if in situ drainage reduction strategy affects SAR distribution in the soil profile; and to identify soil or management factors that can help explain field wide variability. We measured SAR, soil salinity (EC1:1) and soil texture over 3 years in a 60-ha irrigated field on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, California. At the time we started our measurements, the field was beginning to be managed according to a shallow groundwater/drainage reduction strategy. Soil salinity and SAR were found to be highly correlated in the field. The observed spatial and temporal variability in SAR was largely a product of soil textural variations within the field and their associated variations in apparent leaching fraction. During the 3-year study period, the percentage of the field in which the lower profile (90-180 cm) depth averaged SAR was above 10, increased from 20 to 40%. Since salinity was increasing concomitantly with SAR, and because the soil contained gypsum, sodium hazard was not expected to become a limiting factor for long term shallow groundwater management by drain control. It is anticipated that the technology will be viable for future seasons. 相似文献
8.
Salt balance methods are generally applied in the root-zone and at local scales but do not provide relevant information for salinity management at irrigation scheme scales, where there are methodological impediments. A simple salt balance model was developed at irrigation scheme and yearly time scales and applied in Fatnassa oasis (Nefzaoua, Tunisia). It accounts for input by irrigation, export by drainage and groundwater flow, and provides novel computation of the influence of biogeochemical processes and variations in the resident amount of salt for each chemical component in the soil and shallow groundwater. Impediments were overcome by limiting the depth of the system so that the resident amount of salt that remained was of the same order of magnitude as salt inputs and allowed indirect and reliable estimation of groundwater flow. Sensitivity analyses as partial derivatives of groundwater salinity were carried out according to non-reactive salt balance under steady-state assumption. These analyses enabled the magnitude of the salinization process to be foreseen as a function of hydrological changes linked to irrigation, drainage, groundwater flow and extension of the irrigated area. From a salt input of 39 Mg ha−1 year−1 by irrigation, 21 Mg ha−1 year−1 (54%) and 10 Mg ha−1 year−1 (26%) were exported by groundwater flow and drainage, respectively. 7 Mg ha−1 year−1 (18%) were removed from groundwater by geochemical processes, while a non-significant 2 Mg ha−1 year−1 were estimated to have been stored in the soil and shallow groundwater where the residence time was only 2.7 years. The leaching efficiency of drainage was estimated at 0.77. With a water supply of 1360 mm by irrigation and 90 mm by rainfall, drainage, groundwater flow and actual evapotranspiration were 130, 230, and 1090 mm, respectively. The current extension of date palm plantations and salinization of groundwater resources are expected to significantly increase the salinity hazard while the degradation of the drainage system is expected to be of lesser impact. The approach was successfully implemented in Fatnassa oasis and proved to be particularly relevant in small or medium irrigation schemes where groundwater fluxes are significant. 相似文献
9.
Long-term hydrologic simulations are presented predicting the effects of drainage water management on subsurface drainage, surface runoff and crop production in Iowa's subsurface drained landscapes. The deterministic hydrologic model, DRAINMOD was used to simulate Webster (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic) soil in a Continuous Corn rotation (WEBS_CC) with different drain depths from 0.75 to 1.20 m and drain spacing from 10 to 50 m in a combination of free and controlled drainage over a weather record of 60 (1945-2004) years. Shallow drainage is defined as drains installed at a drain depth of 0.75 m, and controlled drainage with a drain depth of 1.20 m restricts flow at the drain outlet to maintain a water table at 0.60 m below surface level during the winter (November-March) and summer (June-August) months. These drainage design and management modifications were evaluated against conventional drainage system installed at a drain depth of 1.20 m with free drainage at the drain outlet. The simulation results indicate the potential of a tradeoff between subsurface drainage and surface runoff as a pathway to remove excess water from the system. While a reduction of subsurface drainage may occur through the use of shallow and controlled drainage, these practices may increase surface runoff in Iowa's subsurface drained landscapes. The simulations also indicate that shallow and controlled drainage might increase the excess water stress on crop production, and thereby result in slightly lower relative yields. Field experiments are needed to examine the pathways of water movement, total water balance, and crop production under shallow and controlled drainage in Iowa's subsurface drained landscapes. 相似文献
10.
Subsurface drainage has been implemented in irrigation areas of South-eastern Australia to control water logging and land salinisation. Subsurface drainage has been identified as a major salt exporter from irrigated areas. The water table management simulation model DRAINMOD-S was evaluated to simulate daily water table depth, drain outflow, and salt loads by using experimental field data from a two year field trial was carried out in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area South-eastern Australia to study different options for subsurface drainage system design and management to reduce salt load export. Three subsurface drainage systems were modeled, deep widely spaced pipe drains, shallow closely spaced drains and deep pipe drains that were managed with weirs to prevent flow when the water table fell below 1.2 m. The reliability of the model has been evaluated by comparing observed and simulated values. Good agreement was found between the observed and simulated values. The model confirmed the field observations that shallow drains had the lowest salt load and that by managing deep drains with weirs salt loads could be significantly reduced. This work shows the value of the DRAINMOD-S model in being able to describe various drainage design and management strategies under the semi-arid conditions of South-eastern Australia. The model can now be used to investigate design and management options in detail for different site conditions. This will assist decision makers in providing appropriate subsurface drainage management policies to meet drainage disposal constraints within integrated water resources management planning. 相似文献
11.
P. Minderhoud 《Agricultural Water Management》1982,5(2):95-125
A model is presented that can be used to determine drainage measures and their costs. It has been elaborated for a wet tropical climate, for situations with open field drains, shallow groundwater table and a homogenous soil underlain by an impervious layer. The land is flat and the proposed agricultural use requires control of the groundwater table.A basic element of the model is a scheme to compute the water balance per day for a drainage parcel. Discharge, evapotranspiration, groundwater level and soil moisture storage are estimated as functions of rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, vegetation and soil characteristics and of an assumed drainage intensity. The water balance computation is performed for periods of 5–40 years of daily rainfall data, for a series of drainage intensities. The results can be subjected to a drainage criterion, from which a design drainage intensity and a corresponding drain spacing can be derived.Finally the layout of canals for a block of 4 × 1 km2 is determined and excavation and a series of canal characteristics are computed.A summary of some applications is included. 相似文献
12.
S. Bouarfa A. Hammani A. Debbarh D. Zimmer A. Taky C. Chaumont B. Vincent M. Zeraouli 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2002,16(2):89-110
The Gharb plain in Morocco faces both problems of excesswinter rainfall and salinity hazards due to a shallow,permanent and saline groundwater. A large area of 80.000 hahas been equipped with subsurface drains out of a totalplanned area of 200.000 ha. This system has been designedwithout any local references and has encountered severalmaintenance problems mainly caused by high drain depths.A pilot experiment has been installed to provide drainagedesign criteria appropriate to the local conditions. Mainexperimental results based on water and salinity balance andon groundwater flow are presented in the paper. They show thatin the Gharb plain, drainage systems should be designed fromwinter drainage design criterion. The paper also stresses onthe particular attention to paid to the surface drainage whichremove about 40% of the excess water. 相似文献
13.
《灌溉排水学报》2019,(8)
暗管排水工程是控制灌区地下水位,防治耕地盐碱化的主要技术手段。【目的】综合考虑排水条件、排水目的等因素,选择合适的计算方法计算暗管间距。【方法】对几种常用的暗管间距计算方法进行了理论分析并总结了其适用条件,编写了基于VBA的计算程序以实现不同计算方法的优选并确定相应的暗管间距。在此基础上,选取宁夏引黄灌区2个典型暗管排水工程案例进行了分析计算。【结果】稳定流状态下,当kH/q≤100时,宜选择阿维里扬诺夫-瞿兴业公式计算暗管间距,当kH/q>100时,宜选择Hooghoudt公式计算暗管间距;非稳定流状态下,以治渍为目的地区选择按地下水位下降速度计算暗管间距,以防治盐碱化为目的地区选择按排蒸比计算暗管间距。【结论】利用VBA开发的程序可以解决暗管间距计算过程中较繁琐的迭代、累加等计算问题,操作便捷,实用性强;非稳定流方法更适合于宁夏引黄灌区暗管排水间距的计算,银北灌区宜按排蒸比计算暗管间距,银南灌区宜按地下水位下降速度计算暗管间距。 相似文献
14.
在对沂沭河下游平原212组地下水化学样品进行分析的基础上,总结出研究区不同循环深度地下水TDS和水化学类型的空间分布:1北部丘岗区地下水以淡水为主;东部滨海平原区浅层地下水几乎均为微咸水和咸水;深层承压水以淡水和微咸水为主,微咸水分布于沿海大部分地区和内陆的滨海县附近,沿海地区洋桥农场、图河乡一带以及东南部八滩乡的深层地下水为淡水。2北部丘岗区地下水化学类型单一;东部滨海平原区浅层地下水化学类型具有水平分带规律;深层承压水化学类型总体上由陆向海存在水平分带规律,洋桥农场、图和乡及八滩镇的水化学类型与沿海咸水区地下水化学类型存在差异。 相似文献
15.
In situ use of groundwater by alfalfa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Disposal of saline drainage water is a significant problem for irrigated agriculture. One proposal is to recycle drainage water to irrigate salt tolerant crops until the volume has been reduced sufficiently to enable final disposal by evaporation. Part of this concept requires in situ crop water reuse from shallow groundwater; and data is needed to quantify the potential use of groundwater by alternative crops. A column lysimeter study was initiated to determine the potential crop water use from shallow groundwater by alfalfa as a function of groundwater quality and depth to groundwater. The results demonstrated that up to 50% of the crop water use could be met from shallow groundwater (<1.2 m) with an electrical conductivity less than 4 dS/m, and that the potential crop water use from deeper groundwater (2 m) increased over the years. The columns with high salinity (>4 dS/m) in the shallow groundwater experienced increased salinity in the soil profile with time, which resulted in reduced crop water use from shallow groundwater. Yields decreased with time as the groundwater salinity increased and periodic leaching will be required for in situ use to be a sustainable practice. Statistical analysis of crop yield demonstrated that there was significant use of groundwater with an EC of 6 dS/m for a few years. 相似文献
16.
The Zawia and Mansour irrigation areas, formerly part of Lake Burullus, were reclaimed, drained and developed in the 1960's. Reclamation was not fully successful, however, and the agricultural land is still highly saline. Recent studies carried out on behalf of the Executive Authority for Land Improvement Projects by Euroconsult and the Study and Design Department of the Authority concluded that the groundwater tables were still too high and that the drainage should be intensified and deepened. The question remained whether, and to what extent, improved drainage would increase seepage from the lake into the polder area. The studies reported here showed that geohydrological conditions were such that no seepage of importance can be expected. Piezometer observations of vertical pressure gradients confirmed these results. Calculations showed that an increase in seepage due to improved drainage would be very small compared with the capacity of the existing drainage system. 相似文献
17.
The effect of salinity on water productivity of wheat under deficit irrigation above shallow groundwater 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Saline groundwater is often found at shallow depth in irrigated areas of arid and semi-arid regions and is associated with problems of soil salinisation and land degradation. The conventional solution is to maintain a deeper water-table through provision of engineered drainage disposal systems, but the sustainability of such systems is disputed. This shallow groundwater should, however, be seen as a valuable resource, which can be utilised via capillary rise (i.e. sub-irrigation). In this way, it is possible to meet part of the crop water requirement, even where the groundwater is saline, thus decreasing the need for irrigation water and simultaneously alleviating the problem of disposing of saline drainage effluent. Management of conditions within the root zone can be achieved by means of a controlled drainage system.A series of lysimeter experiments have permitted a detailed investigation of capillary upward flow from a water-table controlled at shallow depth (1.0 m) under conditions of moderately high (5 mm/day) evaporative demand and with different levels of salinity. Experiments were conducted on a wheat crop grown in a sandy loam soil. Groundwater salinity was held at values from 2 to 8 dS/m while supplementary (deficit) irrigation was applied at the surface with salinity in the range 1-4 dS/m.Our experiments show that increased salinity decreased total water uptake by the crop, but in most treatments wheat still extracted 40% of its requirement from the groundwater, similar to the proportion reported for non-saline conditions. Yield depression was limited to 30% of maximum when the irrigation water was of relatively good quality (1 and 2 dS/m) even with saline groundwater (up to 6 dS/m). Crop water productivity (grain yield basis) was around 0.35 kg/m3 over a wide range of salinity conditions when calculated conventionally on the basis of total water use, but was generally above 1.0 kg/m3 if calculated on the basis of irrigation input only. 相似文献
18.
Assessment of irrigation and environmental quality at the hydrological basin level: I. Irrigation quality 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Irrigated agriculture notably increases crop productivity, but consumes high volumes of water and may induce off-site pollution of receiving water bodies. The objectives of this paper were to diagnose the quality of irrigation and to prescribe recommendations aimed at improving irrigation management and reducing the off-site pollution from a 15,500 ha irrigation district located in the Ebro River Basin (Spain). Three hydrological basins were selected within the district where the main inputs (irrigation, precipitation, and groundwater inflows) and outputs (actual crop's evapotranspiration, surface drainage outflows, and groundwater outflows) of water were measured or estimated during a hydrological year. The highest volume of water (I = 1400 mm/year) was applied in the basin with highly permeable, low water retention, flood irrigated soils where 81% of the total surface was planted with alfalfa and corn. This basin had the lowest consumptive water use efficiency (CWUE = 45%), the highest water deficit (WD = 5%) and the highest drainage fraction (DF = 57%). In contrast, the lowest I (950 mm/year), the highest CWUE (62%), and the lowest WD (2%) and DF (37%) were obtained in the basin with 60% of the surface covered with deep, high water retention, alluvial valley soils, where 39% of the cultivated surface is sprinkler irrigated and with only 48% of the surface planted with alfalfa and corn. We concluded that the three most important variables determining the quality of irrigation and the volume of irrigation return flows in the studied basins were (i) soil characteristics, (ii) irrigation management and irrigation system, and (iii) crop water requirements. Therefore, the critical recommendations for improving the quality of irrigation are to (i) increase the efficiency of flood-irrigation, (ii) change to pressurized systems in the shallow and highly permeable soils, and (iii) reuse of drainage water for irrigation within the district. These management strategies will conserve water of high quality in the main reservoir and will decrease the crop water deficits and the volume of irrigation return flows, therefore, minimizing the off-site pollution from this irrigation district. 相似文献
19.
为实现排涝泵站出水流道的优化设计,根据泵站基本参数设计出14种出水流道方案,各方案具有不同的龟背形式、倒圆弧半径、倒直角等结构参数。在0.9Q1、Q1、.15Q3种工况下,利用CFD技术,采用标准κ-ε湍流模型对14种方案的内部三维流动进行数值模拟。计算结果表明:在出水流道的进出口尺寸相同条件下,龟背和倒圆弧的设计方案水力损失最小,因此选择该方案合理,实现了流道水力特性的预测,为出水流道水力设计优化和模型试验研究提供了参考依据。 相似文献
20.
在地下水位较高、地表易于形成积水的中国南方地区,通过农田排水措施可以及时排除多余地表积水,快速降低地下水位,以达到排涝降渍、协同调控的目的.文中基于室内砂槽试验,揭示暗管排水、明沟排水、不同反滤体高度的反滤体排水及改进暗管排水等措施的地下排水规律及效果.结果表明:将暗管周围土体置换为高渗透性土体介质的改进暗管排水可明显提高排水流量,当土体置换高度达2 cm时(对应于田间条件40 cm),其排水流量均高于相同埋深条件下的其他排水措施,达暗管排水的1.59~1.66倍;改进暗排在地表积水消失时仍保持较大的排水流量,可达相同埋深暗管流量的2倍以上,在积水层消失后,能迅速降低农田土壤水的渍害胁迫,将地下水位降低至暗管埋设高度;各种排水措施,在地表积水即将消失时,出现了流量与水头变化幅度较大的现象.相对于各种地下排水措施,改进暗管排水在除涝降渍中存在明显优势.研究结果可为涝渍灾害易发地区高效除涝降渍减灾工程设计和建设提供参考. 相似文献