共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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盐硼溶液克服甘蓝自交不亲和性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用不同浓度的盐硼溶液处理甘蓝自交不亲和系开花当天的柱头,处理后的不同时间自交授粉,同时对盐硼溶液处理后的柱头进行了荧光观察.结果表明:5%NaCl+0.3%的硼酸溶液处理效果最好,处理后的花期亲和指数平均可达4.5以上;处理效果与处理后授粉的时间有密切关系,处理后半小时左右授粉效果最好,处理时间超过1 h自交亲和指数下降;通过荧光显微观察,经5%NaCl+0.3%的硼酸溶液处理的柱头自交授粉后其表面乳突细胞中胼胝质含量呈明显减少趋势,部分乳突细胞受损,花粉大多数能萌发,花粉管生长正常. 相似文献
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本试验以不同品种大花萱草为试材，研究了其品种间的杂交亲和性和结实状况。结果表明：大花萱草自交亲和性很低，杂交亲和性也普遍偏低。在17个杂交组合中，金娃娃与不同品种的杂交坐果率相对较高，其中金娃娃♀?红运♂坐果率最高，为27.9%；其次是黄绣客，红运最低。不同授粉方法对大花萱草杂交亲和性影响效果为：2g/L赤霉素 > 2g/L NaCl >4g/L赤霉素>切割柱头>蕾期授粉>1g/L赤霉素>常规授粉。大花萱草结实率的高低与父本的花粉活力、母本柱头可授性、花粉管萌发生长状态及胚败育等因素相关。 相似文献
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利用显微镜观察花粉和柱头形态,采用离体萌发法对花粉活力进行测定,采用压片法对自交授粉后花粉管生长动态进行观察,以探明蓝盆花自交是否存在授粉障碍,为今后蓝盆花人工栽培和杂交育种工作提供理论依据。结果表明:蓝盆花花粉饱满,具有1~3个萌发孔,二裂柱头,花柱细长通直,培养10 h花粉萌发率达86.06%,花粉活力高。授粉后4 h多数花粉萌发后花粉管进入花柱;授粉后10 h花粉管进入花柱中上部;授粉后12 h多条花粉管进入花柱并到达中部;授粉后48 h花粉管到达花柱基部进入子房,但通过观察发现花柱顶端有胼胝质及花柱内的花粉管交叉缠绕停止生长的异常现象,从而花粉管不能进入子房完成受精过程,这可能是导致果实空瘪的一个原因。由此推测,蓝盆花自交授粉存在受精前障碍,属于配子体自交不亲和类型。 相似文献
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玉米与摩擦禾、薏苡的杂交不亲和性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用荧光显微技术, 对摩擦禾、薏苡花粉在玉米柱头上的萌发和生长过程进行了观察。摩擦禾花粉粒在玉米柱头上均能萌发, 花粉管在柱头中伸长并到达花柱基部, 且可将雄配子送入胚囊内, 玉米果穗顶端有受精结实痕迹, 说明摩擦禾与玉米的杂交障碍不是杂交不亲和, 而是胚囊不亲和或杂种衰亡。薏苡花粉粒在玉米柱头也能萌发, 花粉管能伸入花柱, 但玉米与薏苡杂交生殖隔离较摩擦禾严格, 杂交极其困难, 杂交障碍为胚囊不亲和或花柱不亲和。玉米与薏苡杂交时, 薏米花粉管能到达玉米花柱基部, 而川谷花粉管却在花柱中停止生长, 杂交障碍与薏苡种类有关。玉米与薏苡杂交的花粉管异常率高于玉米与摩擦禾杂交花粉管异常率, 反映了玉米与摩擦禾的亲缘关系较与薏苡近。 相似文献
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自交不亲和性是植物的自然机制，它可以防止自交，促进异交。甘蓝（Brassica oleracea）和白菜型油菜（B．campestris）具有这种自我识别的机制，但是它们的双二倍体后代甘蓝型油菜（B．napus）丧失了这种特性而为自交亲和的。自交不亲和性被成功地用作甘蓝杂交育种的授粉控制机制。自交不亲和性可以通过回交引入甘蓝型油菜中，或者通过其祖先——甘蓝和白菜型油菜杂交进行人工合成而引入甘蓝型油菜中。然而，自然条件下，油菜品种也偶尔会发生自交不亲和。Rudloff等从油菜育种材料中筛选到自交不亲和植株。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2021,19(17):5782-5792
紫牡丹是进行栽培牡丹花色改良育种的关键亲本之一。设置紫牡丹与亚组内、亚组间、亚组间杂交后代及芍药组等多个杂交组合,并观察受精前障碍。结果表明:(1)紫牡丹不存在无融合生殖,异株授粉结实率最高,自交结实率最低;(2)紫牡丹作母本的杂交组合亲和性好于作父本,紫牡丹与其杂种后代组合亲和性较好;(3)紫牡丹为母本,栽培品种为父本的杂交组合亲和性高于紫牡丹为父本的组合;(4)紫牡丹×黄牡丹受精前障碍主要表现为花粉粒附着、花粉管萌发慢、到达雌蕊各部分时间延迟,生长方向杂乱、管内出现胼胝质块,形态基本正常且能正常到达子房的花粉数量较少。探究紫牡丹结实特性及不同杂交组合亲和性差异,有助于获得更多杂交种子,提高育种效率。 相似文献
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利用高山杜鹃优异品种与野生种质进行杂交是培育自主观叶新品种的有效途径。本研究开展以高山杜鹃‘XXL’(Rhododendron’XXL’)为母本,蓝果杜鹃(R. cyanocarpum)为父本进行杂交授粉,用荧光显微镜观察授粉花粉萌发及花粉管的生长过程,调查其子房膨大率和结实率。结果显示,在授粉后1～8 d,蓝果杜鹃的花粉萌发率呈缓慢上升趋势,‘XXL’花粉管在花柱中呈显著伸长趋势,期间无受精情况发生;在授粉后11～17 d,花粉管进入‘XXL’子房并发生受精;在授粉后17 d,其花粉萌发率和受精胚珠数达最大值,分别为(31.67±8.50)%和(13.67±3.79)个。在花粉管生长过程中,在柱头细胞、花粉管、花柱、子房和胚珠等多处出现异常胼胝质沉积反应;其杂交子房膨大率为18.75%,结籽率为零。研究表明,高山杜鹃‘XXL’与蓝果杜鹃的杂交不亲和性明显且可能存在较强的杂交障碍。 相似文献
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盐胁迫对油桃生理生化特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为分析不同油桃的耐盐特性,为后续的耐盐品种选育研究打下基础,以‘华光’油桃盆栽苗为试材,研究不同程度盐胁迫对植株茎生理指标的影响。试验发现0.4%盐胁迫下各指标与对照组无明显差异,0.8%盐胁迫中后期开始有一定影响,而1.2%盐胁迫初期时相关指标便有极明显差异,表明该盐环境为植株能够承受的极限。在此基础上,以‘中油桃4 号’、‘艳光’、‘华光’、‘千年红’、‘玫瑰红’5 个品种油桃盆栽苗为试验材料,分析了1.2%盐溶液胁迫下的生理指标变化,研究不同品种油桃的耐盐特性。结果表明：不同油桃品种在盐胁迫下的表现差异性很大,黄肉品种‘中油桃4 号’耐盐特性优于‘千年红’;白肉品种‘华光’耐盐性强于‘艳光’,‘玫瑰红’高于‘华光’;白肉品种耐盐特性整体上强于黄肉品种。 相似文献
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Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) contains high concentrations of isoflavones, compounds that have received much interest lately due to their presumed benefits for human health. In this experiment we tested the possibility to induce isoflavone production in the foliage of two greenhouse‐grown red clover cultivars (‘Azur’ and ‘Start’) through the application of elicitor compounds. Foliar applications of different concentrations of acetic acid (50, 100, 250 and 500 mm ), yeast extract (1, 2, 3 and 4 g l?1), and chitosan (125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg l?1) were carried out on plants at the late vegetative stage, which were harvested 2 or 8 days after spraying. Concentrations of genistein, daidzein, formononetin and biochanin A were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The two cultivars differed in isoflavone concentrations, ‘Azur’ having on average 36 % higher biochanin A, formononetin and total isoflavone concentrations than ‘Start’ (P < 0.05). A cultivar × sampling date interaction (P < 0.1) reflected a 20 % increase over time in total isoflavone concentration with ‘Azur’, which was not observed with ‘Start’. Effects of elicitors were limited, contrasts indicating overall, 12, 14 and 15 % greater total isoflavone concentration in yeast extract (P < 0.1), chitosan (P < 0.05) and acetic acid (P < 0.05)‐treated plants, respectively, than in untreated control plants. There were few differences between the various elicitors and none between concentrations of each elicitor. 相似文献
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为探讨德国鸢尾能否在昆明进行推广种植,以丰富当地的花卉种质资源,对引种自荷兰的20 个德国鸢尾(Iris germanica)品种进行栽培状况和开花特性的研究,并对其主要性状开展灰色关联度分析。结果表明,德国鸢尾在昆明地区具有良好的适应性,大部分品种成活率可达85%以上。通过利用灰色关联度分析,选出与理想参考品种关联度较好的4 个德国鸢尾品种为‘Timescape’、 ‘Batik’、‘OnEdge’和‘Rustic Ceddar’,建议在昆明地区推广种植。 相似文献
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Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the molecular characterization of 10 new radiomutants of chrysanthemum. The original cultivar ‘Richmond’ differed in genetic distance from its Lady group mutants. The analysis of genetic similarity indices revealed low diversity within the radiomutants. The dendrogram obtained after cluster analysis separated the new cultivars as a group that differed from the original cultivar ‘Richmond’. The Lady group cultivars, derived from one original cultivar by radiomutation, could be distinguished from each other by using RAPD markers of only a single primer or sets of two or three primers. Polymerase chain reaction analysis proved the efficiency of the RAPD method for DNA fingerprinting of the original cultivar ‘Richmond’ and its new radiomutants. 相似文献
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针对阿克苏“糖心”苹果“糖心”出现晚、上市迟、不耐贮藏问题,本研究以“糖心”苹果为试材,研究田间不同临采时间(10 d和20 d)喷施100 mg/L赤霉素(GA3)处理,对(0±0.1)℃贮藏的“糖心”苹果“糖心”调控能力及贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,“糖心”苹果在贮藏100 d内,L*值(亮度)、硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量均随贮藏时间的延长呈下降趋势,与对照(喷施等量蒸馏水)相比,采前喷施100 mg/L GA3处理的果实能显著延缓这些指标值的下降速率,利于果实的整体视觉质量维持,保持果实“糖心”完整。同时,与采前10 d喷施GA3处理相比较,采前20 d喷施GA3的“糖心”苹果丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率变化较小,尤其在100 d贮藏结束时,其MDA含量仅增至2.813 mmol/g,相对电导率为49.1%,有效地维持了果实细胞膜结构的完整性。综上所述,采前喷施100 mg/L GA3可调控“糖心”提前出现,促进“糖心”积累,而采前20 d喷施GA3能显著延缓采后水心扩散,并能更好地保持果实采后生理及品质,提高“糖心”苹果耐贮性。 相似文献
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European pear (Pyrus communis) requires insect pollination among compatible cultivars for fruit production. However, most commercial orchards have a limited number of cultivars arranged in monotypic blocks or rows. This can result in insufficient inter-cultivar pollination. We hypothesise that limitations in pollen transfer among cultivars could be explained by both insect behaviour and orchard design. We compared insect activity and pollination efficiency in two European pear cultivars, in orchards with different designs: (i) cultivars alternated in the same row or (ii) cultivars in separate rows. To assess limitations in pollen transfer, we also compared hand pollination with compatible pollen versus open pollination by insects. Insect visitors mainly foraged on neighbouring trees within a row, with few movements across rows (1%). Honey bees (Apis mellifera) and bumble bees (Bombus terrestris) visited significantly more flowers per tree (8.5 vs. 3) and more trees (2.1 vs. 1.3) than solitary bees (Andrena spp.) and hoverflies. Insect visitors deposited large amounts of pollen (∼500 pollen grains) on flower stigmas regardless of the insect type. Cultivar placement affected inter-cultivar pollination; less incompatibility signs were observed when cultivars alternated in the same row (5%) than when cultivars were in separate rows (38%). We observed limitations in pollen transfer as open pollination resulted in significant reduced fruit set, compared with hand pollination, in ‘Conférence’ (21% vs. 30.7%) and ‘Doyenné du Comice’ (7.2% vs. 16.8%). The foraging behaviour of the insects limited thus inter-cultivar pollen transfer in the orchards with cultivars in separate rows. Cultivars used for pollination (pollinizers) should be planted in the same rows as the main cultivar to increase inter-cultivar pollination. 相似文献
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D. A. Laurie 《Plant Breeding》1989,103(2):133-140
Crosses of ‘Highbury’בSeneca 60’ were studied to determine the effect of four crossing procedures on the frequency of fertilization. The procedures were: 1) glumes of emasculated florets left intact, 2) glumes cut to expose the stigmas, 3) intact glumes given a 75 mg 1-1 GA spray 2 h after pollination, and 4) cut glumes given a 75 mg 1-1 GA spray 2 h after pollination. Within each treatment florets with developmental ages ranging from 3 days before an-thesis to 3 days after anthesis were pollinated. Fertilized florets were found in all four treatments. Overall, 20.2 % had only an embryo, 2.5 % had only an endosperm and 7.9 % had an embryo and an endosperm. Significant variation in the frequency of embryo formation, and hence in the frequency of potential plants, was found both between treatments and between developmental stages within treatments. The highest frequency (55.8 % of pollinated florets) was found in florets with intact glumes which had not received a GA spray and which had been pollinated on the day of anthesis. Cutting the glumes to expose the stigmas, pollinating earlier or later than the day of anthesis or application of a GA spray all tended to reduce the number of embryos. This was also the case when the total fertilization frequencies (embryos plus endosperms) were analyzed. The potential of wheat × maize crosses for wheat haploid production is discussed. 相似文献
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喷施硼、钼、铁对苜蓿结实性和种子产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为探索微量元素对苜蓿种子产量及种子特性的影响,为苜蓿种子生产合理利用微量元素提供参考依据,以‘新牧4 号’紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.‘Xinmu No.4’)为材料,在苜蓿现蕾期叶面喷施硼、钼、铁,通过测量花部特征、结荚率、种子产量和种子特性等指标,研究不同微量元素对苜蓿开花结实的影响。试验结果表明,喷施4 kg/hm2的硼砂,苜蓿单荚种子数和种子产量分别对照提高了9.67%、35%;喷施325 g/hm2的钼酸铵,单荚种子数和种子产量分别对照提高12.9%、17%;喷施3 kg/hm2的硫酸亚铁,单荚种子数和种子产量分别对照提高7.5%、69.46%;但喷施不同微量元素的各处理的结荚率均低于对照组(59.66%)。相关性分析表明,苜蓿种子产量与结荚率、单荚种子数和千粒重显著正相关。综合分析认为,在新疆昌吉地区,通过在苜蓿现蕾期喷施硼砂浓度为2.98 kg/hm2、钼酸铵浓度为325 g/hm2、硫酸亚铁的浓度为2.90 kg/hm2时,能够增加单荚种子数和千粒重,提高种子产量。 相似文献
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NaCl胁迫对2个网纹甜瓜幼苗生长量及叶绿素荧光参数特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
摘要：本试验比较了两个网纹甜瓜（‘春丽’和‘阿鲁斯春’）幼苗在不同浓度NaCl（0、50、100、150和200 mmol?L-1）胁迫下幼苗生长量、叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明: 低浓度NaCl(50 mmol/ L)处理后,两个甜瓜幼苗的生长量、Fv/Fm、ETR、ФPSⅡ和qP值与对照比有所上升,随着盐浓度的增加,这些指标开始下降。相同浓度的NaCl处理对‘春丽’幼苗生长和叶绿素荧光参数的变化影响小于‘阿鲁斯春’。在0-200mmol?L-1NaCl胁迫下‘春丽’Pc平均值比“阿鲁斯春”高,Hd所占比例低于‘阿鲁斯春’,两个品种Ex平均值比较接近,这些数值的变化与甜瓜品种的耐盐性有关。 相似文献
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基于分期播种的水稻生长动态及产量对热量条件的响应 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了研究东北地区水稻生长发育和产量对温度变化的敏感性,以2个水稻品种（‘辽星1’、‘辽优5218’）为试验材料,设置4个播种期,分析播期对水稻生长动态和产量特征的影响。结果表明：（1）‘辽星1’在I、III、IV播期分蘖数达到峰值较II播期少用积温400℃左右;I和IV播期最大分蘖数较II播期分别减少3.16%和15.50%,III播期增加3.85%。‘辽优5218’在III和IV播期分蘖数到达峰值较II播期多用积温300℃左右;I、III、IV播期最大分蘖数较II播期分别增加7.12%、32.51%、19.59%。（2）‘辽星1’在I和IV播期株高较II播期偏低,III播期最高;‘辽优5218’在I、III、IV播期株高偏低,I播期最矮。（3）‘辽星1’在I和III播期叶面积指数达到峰值较II播期分别多用积温300℃和200℃左右,IV播期少用100℃左右;I、III、IV播期最大叶面积指数较II播期分别增加48.5%、113.3%、31.6%。‘辽优5218’在I播期叶面积指数达到峰值较II播期多用积温500℃左右,III和IV播期分别少用400℃和100℃左右;I和III播期最大叶面积指数较II播期分别减少31.6%和27.6%,IV播期增加20.9%。（4）‘辽星1’在III播期地上干质量最高,IV播期最低;‘辽优5218’在I播期地上干质量最高,II播期最低。（5）‘辽星1’在I、III、IV播期的产量较II播期分别减产5.64%、6.27%、27.25%;‘辽优5218’在I播期的产量较II播期增加5.66%,III和IV播期分别减产13.14%和31.29%。（6）≥10℃积温2700~2800℃,平均温度24℃左右更适宜辽宁水稻生长和产量形成。 相似文献