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1.
ghrelin对生殖系统的调节作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ghrelin是新近发现的一个含有28个氨基酸残基的多肽,是生长激素促分泌素受体(GHS-R)的天然配体,除具有调节GH分泌和能量平衡的功能之外,尚有其他许多功能。近年来体外或体内试验研究表明,ghrelin对生殖激素如LH、PRL具有一定的调节作用;另外,ghrelin及其受体系统广泛存在于生殖系统中。提示这一新发现的激素可能对生殖系统具有重要的调节作用。文章就ghrelin对生殖系统调节作用的研究进展加以综述。 相似文献
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通过免疫技术调控动物生长和胴体品质 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1 生长激素的免疫调控 生长激素(GH)是一种重要的促进生长和调节代谢的激素。免疫调控技术通过瞄准生长激素轴,主要以三种方式达到提高生长速度,改善胴体品质的目的。这三种方式是促进生长激素分泌、提高生长激素活性、模拟生长激素的作用。 1.1 免疫中和环状脑肠肽及促进内源GH的分泌 生长激素的分泌,受多种因素影响,其中生长抑素(SS)和生长激素释放因子(GRF)是两种最主要的影响因子。SS抑制GH的分泌,而GRF促进GH的分泌。因此通过免疫中和SS,能提高机体内源性GH的分泌,从而促进动物生长。 相似文献
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为探讨ghrelin对奶山羊下丘脑促生长激素释放激素(GHRH)、生长抑素(SS) mRNA表达的影响,10只青春前期莎能母奶山羊随机分为2组,试验组和对照组,每组5只.试验组羊经颈静脉注入一定量的ghrelin(3.0 μg/kg)3 h后宰杀,用RT-PCR方法检测ghrelin对下丘脑GHRH、SS mRNA表达的影响.结果表明试验组羊下丘脑GHRH mRNA的表达显著上调(P＜0.01);下丘脑中SS mRNA的表达也显著升高(P＜0.05).表明ghrelin在下丘脑水平上对GHRH和SS mRNA的表达具有上调作用,提示ghrelin可能通过GHRH途径调节垂体GH的分泌. 相似文献
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半胱胺在畜牧生产中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
动物的生长受到多种激素的调节，生长激素、甲状腺激素(T3、T4)、胰岛素和性激素均对动物生长起着重要的作用，但起核心作用的激素是生长激素(GH)。在动物体内生长激素的生成、释放受到下丘脑生长激素释放因子(GHRF)和生长抑素(SS)的双重调节，GHRF促进GH的分泌，SS抑制GH的分泌。研究表明，半胱胺(Cysteamine，CS)能够有效降低生长抑素的活性，提高生长激素、胰岛素、甲状腺激素等激素的含量，促进畜禽的生长，在畜牧生产中具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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垂体催乳素和生长激素对雌性哺乳动物泌乳的启动和维持以及乳腺的发育都发挥着重要的调节作用.为探讨ghrelin对奶畜泌乳的调节作用,10只泌乳期莎能奶山羊随机分为2组(试验组和对照组),每组5只.试验组羊静脉注射ghrelin(3.0μg/kg)3 h后检测垂体催乳素(Prolactin,PRL)和生长激素(Grouth hormone,GH)mRNA的表达,结果显示一定剂量的ghrelin对催乳素mRNA的表达具显著上调作用(P<0.01);对生长激素mRNA的表达也有显著促进作用(P<0.01).结果表明,ghrelin在垂体水平上对催乳素和生长激素mRNA的表达具有上调作用,提示ghrelin可能通过对这些激素的作用参与了对奶畜泌乳的调节. 相似文献
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Ghrelin是目前为止除了生长激素释放激素(growth hormone releasing hormone,GHRH)和生长激素抑制素(somatostatin,SS)外,第3个调节GH分泌的内源性物质。根据现有的资料分析,Ghrelin除调节GH分泌外,对其他器官系统也有广泛的生物学作用,如刺激垂体生长激素的分泌,促进胃酸分泌,促进食欲,增加体重和脂肪积累,调节能量平衡。目前对Ghrelin在人、鼠、鸡等动物体内分布及作用的机制已有一些认识,但是对于鸡Ghrelin基因的研究较少。研究根据GenBank上检索的DNA序列设计引物,用PCR-SSCP验证其多态性。1材料与方法1.1材料江苏海门京海黄… 相似文献
8.
生长激素(GH)是调节动物生长和发育的重要激素之一。最近研究表明，GH也能调节类固醇的生成、配子的形成、性腺分化以及促性腺激素的分泌和应答，GH在繁殖上具有重要的作用。而且．其他一些组织，如性腺、胎盘和乳房组织中也能生成GH．并且以自分泌或旁分泌方式调节由垂体GH直接调节的一些过程。 相似文献
9.
生长抑素的作用及调控技术研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生长是一个高度协同的复杂生理过程,神经内分泌轴在动物的生长发育调控中起着最关键的作用。作为调控生长的核心,生长激素(GrowthHormone,GH)的分泌主要受下丘脑分泌的生长激素释放因子和生长激素释放抑制因子的双向调节,其中生长抑素是抑制垂体GH分泌的主要下丘脑激素。目前通过人工方式调节动物体内的生长抑素含量,提高GH和胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-I)等与生长相关因子水平,进而促进动物生长方面的研究已取得明显效果,日益受到人们重视。1 生长抑素的化学结构、体内分布及代谢 相似文献
10.
生长激素释放肽(ghrelin)是在大鼠和人胃内发现的,是一种生长激素促分泌素受体(growth hormone secretagogue receptor,GHSR)的内源性配体.ghrelin与位于垂体、下丘脑的GHSR结合后,具有促进生长激素释放、增加食欲、调节消化系统功能和能量代谢等作用.本文对ghrelin的... 相似文献
11.
生长激素释放肽(Ghrelin)是一种在动物体内广泛存在的生长激素促分泌素受体(GHSR)的内源性配体, Ghrelin与位于下丘脑的GHSR结合后,具有促进生长激素释放、增加食欲、调节消化系统功能及能量代谢等作用。文章就Ghrelin的结构、分布、生物学效应及在畜牧业上的应用前景等方面进行综述,以期促进Ghrelin的进一步深入研究。 相似文献
12.
ThidarMyint H Yoshida H Ito T He M Inoue H Kuwayama H 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2008,34(1):118-123
Ghrelin is a gut peptide which participates in growth regulation through its somatotropic, lipogenic and orexigenic effects. Synergism of ghrelin and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) on growth hormone (GH) secretion has been reported in humans and rats, but not in domestic animals in vivo. In this study, effects of a combination of ghrelin and GHRH on plasma GH and other metabolic parameters, and changes in plasma active and total ghrelin levels were studied in Holstein bull calves before and after weaning. Six calves were intravenously injected with vehicle (0.1% BSA-saline), ghrelin (1 microg/kg BW), GHRH (0.25 microg/kg BW) or a combination of ghrelin plus GHRH at the age of 5 weeks and 10 weeks (weaning at 6 weeks of age). Ghrelin stimulated GH release with similar potency as GHRH and their combined administration synergistically stimulated GH release in preweaning calves. After weaning, GH responses to ghrelin and GHRH became greater compared with the values of preweaning calves, but a synergistic effect of ghrelin and GHRH was not observed. The GH areas under the concentration curves for 2h post-injection were greater in weaned than in preweaning calves (P<0.05) if ghrelin or GHRH were injected alone, but were similar if ghrelin and GHRH were injected together. Basal plasma active and total ghrelin levels did not change around weaning, but transiently increased after ghrelin injection. Basal plasma insulin, glucose and non-esterified fatty acid levels were reduced after weaning, but no changes by treatments were observed. In conclusion, ghrelin and GHRH synergistically stimulated GH release in preweaning calves, but this effect was lost after weaning. 相似文献
13.
Ghrelin is a highly conserved peptide hormone secreted by the stomach, which is involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Ghrelin stimulates growth hormone (GH) release, and increases appetite in a variety of mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates, including several fish species. Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding and fasting on plasma and stomach ghrelin, and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis in the Mozambique tilapia, a euryhaline teleost. No postprandial changes in plasma and stomach ghrelin levels or stomach ghrelin mRNA levels were observed. Plasma levels of GH, IGF-I and glucose all increased postprandially which agrees with the anabolic roles of these factors. Fasting for 4 and 8 d did not affect ghrelin levels in plasma or stomach. Plasma GH was elevated significantly after 4 and 8 d of fasting, while plasma IGF-I levels were reduced. Plasma ghrelin levels were elevated significantly after 2 and 4 wk of fasting, but no change was detected in stomach ghrelin mRNA levels. Four weeks of fasting did not affect plasma GH levels, although plasma IGF-I and glucose were reduced significantly, indicating that GH resistance exists during a prolonged nutrient deficit (catabolic state). These results indicate that ghrelin may not be acting as a meal-initiated signal in tilapia, although it may be acting as a long-term indicator of negative energy balance. 相似文献
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In the chicken and other avian species, the secretion of GH is under a dual stimulatory and inhibitory control of hypothalamic hypophysiotropic factors. Additionally, the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), contrary to the mammalian situation, is also somatotropic and equally important in releasing GH in chick embryos and juvenile chicks compared to the (mammalian) growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) itself. Consequently, the negative feedback loop for GH release not only involves the insulin-like growth factor IGF-I but also thyroid hormones. In adult chickens, TRH does no longer have a clear thyrotropic activity, whereas its somatotropic activity depends on the feeding status of the animal. In addition, as in mammals, the secretion of GH and glucocorticoids is stimulated by ghrelin, a novel peptide predominantly synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract. Two chicken isoforms of the ghrelin receptor have been identified, both of which are highly expressed in the hypothalamus and pituitary, suggesting that a stimulatory effect may be directed at these levels. GH and glucocorticoids control the peripheral thyroid hormone function by down-regulating the hepatic type III deiodinating enzyme (D3) in embryos (GH and glucocorticoids) and in juvenile and adult chickens (GH). Moreover, glucocorticoids help to regulate T3-homeostasis in the brain during embryogenesis by stimulating the type II deiodinase (D2) expression. This way not only a multifactorial release mechanism exists for GH but also a functional entanglement of activities between the somatotropic-, thyrotropic- and corticotropic axis. 相似文献
16.
Gastric-derived peptide hormone ghrelin is known for its potent growth hormone (GH) stimulatory effects. The acyl-modification on N-terminal Ser(3) residue is reported to be important to stimulate the ghrelin receptor, GH secretagogue-receptor type1a (GHS-R1a). However, major portion of circulating ghrelin lacks in acylation, and some biological properties of des-acyl ghrelin have been reported in monogastric animals. In the present study, the responsiveness of plasma hormones and metabolites to ghrelin in steers was characterized, and role for des-acyl ghrelin in these changes was investigated. The repeated intravenous administrations of bovine ghrelin (1.0 microg/kg BW) every 2h for 8h to Holstein steers significantly increased the plasma acylated ghrelin, total ghrelin, GH, insulin and NEFA levels. The GH responses in peak values and area under the curves (AUCs) were attenuated by repeated injections of ghrelin, however, the responses of plasma total ghrelin were similar. Plasma insulin AUC decreased after fourth injection of ghrelin while plasma NEFA AUCs gradually increased by repeated injections of ghrelin. Pretreatment of des-acyl ghrelin (10.0 microg/kg BW) 5 min prior to the single injection of ghrelin (1.0 microg/kg BW) did not affect the ghrelin-induced hormonal changes. Moreover, the responses of plasma GH to bovine and porcine ghrelin, which differ in C-terminal amino acid residues, were similar in calves. These data show that (1) GH release was attenuated by repeated administration of ghrelin, (2) ghrelin regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism probably via different pathway, and (3) des-acyl ghrelin is unlikely the antagonist for ghrelin to induce endocrine effects in Holstein steers. 相似文献
17.
Yokoyama M Murakami N Naganobu K Hosoda H Kangawa K Nakahara K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(11):1189-1192
Although the release of growth hormone (GH) is known to be regulated mainly by GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF) secreted from the hypothalamus, ghrelin also may be involved in GH release during juvenile period. We have examined plasma concentrations of acylated ghrelin, desacyl ghrelin, and GH in juvenile beagle dogs. Plasma acylated and desacyl ghrelin levels changed through aging; however, there was no closely correlation between ghrelin, body weight and circulating GH levels during juvenile period. The increase in body weight was essentially linear until 8 months of age, whereas plasma GH concentrations exhibited bimodal peaks for the meanwhile. The results suggest that ghrelin may not play internal cueing in GH secretion in juvenile beagle dogs. 相似文献
18.
Bhatti SF Duchateau L Van Ham LM De Vliegher SP Mol JA Rijnberk A Kooistra HS 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,172(3):515-525
The effects of three growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs), ghrelin, growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6), and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), on the release of adenohypophyseal hormones, growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and on cortisol were investigated in young and old healthy Beagle dogs. Ghrelin proved to be the most potent GHS in young dogs, whereas in old dogs GHRH administration was associated with the highest plasma GH concentrations. The mean plasma GH response after administration of ghrelin was significantly lower in the old dogs compared with the young dogs. The mean plasma GH concentration after GHRH and GHRP-6 administration was lower in the old dogs compared with the young dogs, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. In both age groups, the GHSs were specific for GH release as they did not cause significant elevations in the plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, TSH, LH, and PRL. It is concluded that in young dogs, ghrelin is a more powerful stimulator of GH release than either GHRH or GHRP-6. Ageing is associated with a decrease in GH-releasing capacity of ghrelin, whereas this decline is considerably lower for GHRH or GHRP-6. 相似文献
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Itoh F Komatsu T Yonai M Sugino T Kojima M Kangawa K Hasegawa Y Terashima Y Hodate K 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2005,28(1):34-45
Release of growth hormone (GH) is known to be regulated mainly by GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF) secreted from the hypothalamus. A novel peripheral release-regulating hormone, ghrelin, was recently identified. In this study, differences of the GH secretory response to ghrelin and GHRH in growing and lactating dairy cattle were investigated and an alteration of plasma ghrelin levels was observed. The same amounts of ghrelin and GHRH (0.3 nmol/kg) were intravenously injected to suckling and weanling calves, early and mid-lactating cows and non-lactating cows. Plasma ghrelin levels were also determined in dairy cattle in various physiological conditions. The peak values of ghrelin-induced GH secretion were increased in early lactating cows compared to those in non-lactating cows. The relative responsiveness of GH secretion to ghrelin was also increased compared with that to GHRH in early lactating cows. GH secretory responses to GHRH were blunted in mature cows with and without lactation. Conversely, GHRH-induced GH secretory response was greater than that to ghrelin in calves, and also greater in calves than in mature cows. Plasma ghrelin concentrations were elevated in early lactating cows compared to those in non-lactating cows. Plasma GH concentrations were higher in suckling calves and early lactating cows compared with those in non-lactating cows. These results suggest that GHRH is an effective inducer of GH release in growing calves, and that the relative importance of ghrelin in contributing to the rise in plasma GH increases in early lactating cows. 相似文献