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1.
Gary W. Webb PhD PAS Codi L. Burris MS Sarah E. Harmon MS Rachel H. Baker MS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2011,31(4):166-173
Three experiments were conducted to determine whether replacement of chicken egg yolk, as a component of freezing extenders, with egg yolk from other avian species would improve the post-thaw motility and percentage of intact acrosomes of stallion spermatozoa. In the first experiment, substitution of chicken egg yolk with chukar egg yolk, as a component of the lactose-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid extender, improved (P ≤ .05) the post-thaw motility of stallion spermatozoa. These results were not replicated in (IMV Technologies, Maple Grove, MN, USA) a more expansive study comparing 2%, 4%, 6%, or 8% egg yolk combined with INRA 96 when a “slow freeze” method was used, or the same substitution at levels ranging from 13% to 22% when egg yolk was combined with lactose-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for diluents used for a “fast freeze” method of cryopreservation. In the third study, egg yolks from regular and high omega-3 chicken eggs as well as from turkey, chukar, and mallard duck eggs were analyzed for lipid content and fatty acid profile. The yolk from the turkey eggs was higher (1,300 mg/100 g) and that from mallard ducks was lower (560 mg/100 g) in cholesterol as compared with the two types of chicken eggs and chukar egg yolk (range, 1,046-1,094 mg/100 g). In addition, the high omega-3 eggs did test higher for fatty acids (4.51 g/100 g) than other types of eggs (range, 0.28-0.73 g/100 g). Substitution of chicken egg yolk with turkey, but not duck, egg yolk resulted in higher post-thaw total motility (P ≤ .05) for spermatozoa obtained from two of the three stallions used in the third experiment. 相似文献
2.
P N Klein A E Castro C U Meteyer B Reynolds J A Swartzman-Andert G Cooper R P Chin H L Shivaprasad 《Avian diseases》1991,35(1):115-125
Turkey viral hepatitis (TVH) was experimentally reproduced in two experiments in 1-day-old poults. In the first experiment, an infectious inoculum was prepared from filtered yolk materials harvested from dead embryonating chicken eggs (ECE) previously inoculated with suspensions of liver and pancreas tissues collected from TVH-affected birds in commercial turkey flocks. One-day-old poults given a yolk-sac inoculation or oral gavage with this preparation developed lesions in the liver and pancreas characteristic of TVH at 20 days postinoculation (PI) in 60% and 14% of the experimentally infected birds, respectively. With the identical inoculum, embryo mortality occurred at 8 and 10 days PI in embryonating turkey eggs (ETE) inoculated into the yolk sac. In the second experiment, an infectious inoculum was prepared from filtered yolk materials from dead ETE harvested in the first experiment. One-day-old poults given a yolk-sac inoculation with this filtered yolk material developed lesions in the liver and pancreas within 5 days PI. At 20 days PI, 67% of the experimentally infected birds had similar lesions. With the inoculum given to these poults, embryo mortality occurred at 6, 8, and 10 days PI in ETE inoculated into the yolk sac. Virus particles 26-28 nm in diameter with icosahedral morphology typical of picornaviruses were identified by EM in the yolk sacs of ETE that died in both experiments, and inoculated ETE that died following passage of filtered suspensions of pancreatic tissues collected from affected birds in the first experiment. 相似文献
3.
M M Wittenbrink X Wen N B?hmer G Amtsberg A Binder 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1991,38(6):411-420
By inoculation of embryonating chicken eggs via the yolk sac route Chlamydia psittaci was grown from 11 lungs of 45 pigs with pneumonia (24.4%). From the lungs of 55 pigs with other diseases the organism was isolated in five cases (9.1%). Chlamydiae were not detectable by cultural methods in the uterine mucosa of 87 sows, arthritic joints of 30 store pigs and in aborted fetuses. A commercial available enzyme amplified immunoassay indicated the presence of chlamydial antigen in mucosal scrapings from the uterus of two sows and in the fetal membranes as well as fetal organs in one case of porcine abortion. 相似文献
4.
Özlem Varol Avcılar Esin Ebru Onbaşılar Afşin Kocakaya 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(5):946-951
The aim of this research was to determine the effects of coating broiler hatching eggs with chitosan on egg quality, embryonic growth, hatching results and chick quality. Eggs obtained from old broiler breeder, aged 59 weeks, were used. Eggs were divided into two groups (coated with chitosan and uncoated) groups. Each group was divided into three groups according to the storage period. Eggs were stored for periods of 1, 4 and 7 days at 15°C and 80% humidity. Then, they were incubated. Storage period of eggs up to 7 days did not affect the egg quality, egg weight loss, embryo growth, chick properties and hatchability of fertile eggs. However, embryo development, relative residual yolk sac weight and relative chick weight were affected by coating eggs with chitosan. Interaction was not found between storage lengths and coating of eggs with chitosan for all examined parameters. The results of the present study suggested that hatching eggs obtained from old broiler breeder flocks were immersed into chitosan solution once and quickly have negative effect on the embryo weight, yolk sac absorption and relative chick weight. It has been observed that covering the hatching eggs with chitosan is not suitable in this respect even if immersion takes place once and in a short time. 相似文献
5.
Clinical effects, virological and serological responses in chickens following in-ovo inoculation of reticuloendotheliosis virus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M X Motha 《Veterinary microbiology》1987,14(4):411-417
Six-day-old embryonated specific pathogen free chicken eggs were inoculated with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) into the yolk sac and were incubated until they hatched. The hatchability of eggs inoculated with REV was significantly less (P less than 0.025) than that of media-inoculated controls. Although there were no significant differences in the body weights of these chickens at hatching, there were differences (P less than 0.001) at 6, 25 and 51 days of age between the infected and control chickens. Six of 10 chickens hatched from eggs inoculated with REV had feathering defects at 6 days of age. All chickens hatched from infected eggs had cell-free viraemia and antigenaemia, but not precipitating antibodies. Some of these chickens had very low neutralising antibody titres (less than 45) when examined at 25 and 37 days of age, as did all 10 chickens at 51 days of age. A low rate of horizontal transmission was indicated by the detection of antibodies at 37 and 51 days of age in chickens running in contact with the chickens hatched from eggs inoculated with REV. 相似文献
6.
1. A higher concentration of cystatin, measured using the ELISA technique, was found in whites from unfertilised than fertilised eggs. 2. Up to day 8 of embryogenesis a decrease in cystatin concentration was observed, then at d 10 the concentration rose reaching the maximal value at d 14. 3. Immunoblot analyses showed both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated isoforms of chicken cystatin in unfertilised egg white as well as in egg yolk and chicken serum. 4. Significantly lower immunostaining of the phosphorylated form after the 4th d of embryogenesis in egg white suggests its preferential transport into the yolk sac. 相似文献
7.
I Halle 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1999,52(4):371-390
The aim of two experiments with broiler breeder hens was to evaluate the effect of diets containing palm butter or safflower oil (25 g and 50 g/kg feed, resp.) on fertility, hatchability and growth of progeny. Especially the incorporation of oleic and linoleic acid in egg yolk reflected the dietary fatty acid source. Eggs were collected and stored in the incubator at a hen age of 31, 40, 50, and 60 weeks. Hatched chicks were reared over 5 weeks. The number of fertile eggs (Experiment 1 and 2, 75 and 88%, resp.) differed between the experiments (P < or = 0.05). Neither embryonic mortality nor hatchability (Experiment 1 and 2, 76 and 78%, resp.) were significantly affected by fatty acid composition of yolk. No clear maternal dietary effect was recorded on chicken weight at hatching (Experiment 1 and 2, 43.3 g and 43.7 g, resp.) and at 35 days of age (Experimental 1 and 2, 1676 g and 1764 g, resp.) The fatty acid composition in the analysed egg yolk sac of chicks showed a different fatty level but corresponded to fatty acid composition of breeding eggs before incubation. According to a decreased level of docosahexaenoic acid in egg yolk due to increased incorporation of linoleic acid, the content of this fatty acid was also diminished in phospholipids of the brain of chicken on days 1 and 5 after hatching. 相似文献
8.
In this study, nine anticoccidial drugs commonly used in poultry were tested for efficacy for the prevention and treatment of Goussia carpelli (Apicomplexa) infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). To establish experimental infection with G. carpelli, paratenic host oligochaetes of the genera Tubifex and Limnodrilus were infected with oocysts, and laboratory-cultured parasite-free common carp fingerlings were infected by feeding to them oligochaetes containing sporozoites. The anticoccidial drugs (amprolium, narasin, maduramicin, salinomycin Na, lasalocid Na, diclazuril, robenidine HCl, monensin Na and toltrazuril), mixed in the food of the fish in a dose of 200 mg/kg, were fed for 12 days. Common carp fingerlings fed diclazuril, lasalocid, robenidine HCl or maduramicin and killed on day 14 after exposure were free from infection, while other groups treated with amprolium, toltrazuril, monensin Na, narasin or salinomycin Na harboured oocysts in the mucus and epithelium of the gut. 相似文献
9.
试验旨在研究多巴胺受体D2(dopamine receptor D2,DRD2)基因多态性及其与欣华鸡蛋用性状的相关性,寻找可用于欣华鸡蛋用性状选育的分子遗传标记。应用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计4对引物,利用PCR-RFLP技术对欣华E系鸡群的473个个体进行基因型鉴定,使用SPSS 19.0软件将欣华鸡的蛋用性状与DRD2基因多态性进行关联分析。群体多态性分析结果表明,存在4个SNPs位点:A-16105G(SNP1)、G-12510T(SNP2)、G+3360A(SNP3)和T+5042C(SNP4),其中SNP1和SNP2位点符合哈代-温伯格平衡(P>0.05),且杂合度较低,但SNP3和SNP4位点显著偏离哈代-温伯格平衡(P<0.05)。关联分析表明,DRD2基因4个SNPs位点与欣华E系鸡群体蛋用性状存在关联,其中与产蛋性状关联结果:SNP1与开产日龄显著关联(P<0.05),SNP2与33周龄产蛋数、300日龄产蛋总数极显著关联(P<0.01),SNP3与开产体重(P<0.05)、300日龄产蛋总数(P<0.01)、平均连产(P<0.01)和最长连产(P<0.05)关联,SNP4与开产日龄极显著关联(P<0.01);与蛋品质关联结果:SNP1与蛋形指数(P<0.01)、蛋黄颜色(P<0.01)和哈氏单位(P<0.05)关联,SNP2与蛋黄重显著关联(P<0.05),SNP3与蛋壳强度极显著关联(P<0.01),SNP4与蛋黄重、蛋清重和哈氏单位显著关联(P<0.05)。单倍型分析发现,DRD2基因4个SNPs位点的不同单倍型组合与欣华鸡的最长连产长度呈极显著相关(P<0.01),与哈氏单位呈显著相关(P<0.05)。组织表达谱分析发现,DRD2基因主要在欣华E系鸡垂体中表达,在58周龄鸡胸肌中有较高表达,在36周龄鸡脑中有少量表达。结果表明,DRD2基因可作为候选基因辅助用于欣华E系鸡群体蛋用性状的遗传改良。 相似文献
10.
氯苯胍在鸡组织中的残留消除规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用超高效液相色谱一串联质谱法（UPLC-MS／MS）研究了氯苯胍在鸡组织中的残留消除规律。白来杭鸡以含氯苯胍500mg／kg饲料饲喂7d,停药后的第0、1、3、5、7天取其肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、皮和脂肪五种组织,采用UPLC-MS／MS法测定其残留状况。结果表明,氯苯胍在肌肉中残留量较小,代谢消除比较快,2d后未检出;而在脂肪、皮和肝脏中残留量较大,代谢消除较慢。 相似文献
11.
Comparison of culturing Mycoplasma gallisepticum from fresh eggs and 18-day-old embryos 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Twenty-four 70-week-old and sixteen 27-week-old white leghorn hens were challenged with R strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) by injection into the caudal thoracic air sac and infraorbital sinus. Eggs were collected daily and cultured within 7 days or incubated for 18 days. Vitelline membranes of eggs were cultured directly; in 18-day-old embryos, cultures were taken from the yolk sac, air sacs, and oral cavity. Culture of vitelline membrane of eggs within 2 days was compared with culture of eggs stored 10 days post oviposition. The first MG-positive egg was laid 2 days postinfection (PI). Hens continued to lay positive eggs to the end of the experiments. There was no significant difference in MG recovery between eggs cultured within 2 days and those cultured 10 days post oviposition. MG was isolated at a significantly higher rate from eggs than from 18-day-old embryos. MG was isolated at a higher rate from the yolk sac of 18-day-old embryos than from the air sacs or oral cavity of the same embryos. 相似文献
12.
试验旨在了解产蛋鸡对犬瘟热病毒(canine distemper virus,CDV)抗原的免疫反应及其血清抗体和卵黄抗体的消长规律,为制备卵黄抗体提供依据。将CDV接种Vero细胞和DF1细胞进行传代并测定其病毒滴度,选取细胞病变出现早、病毒滴度高的Vero细胞毒作为接种病毒抗原免疫蛋鸡。每10 d免疫蛋鸡1次,第4次免疫后每30 d加强免疫1次。免疫前及免疫后每10 d采血分离血清,每5 d收集鸡蛋提取卵黄抗体,用琼脂扩散法和间接ELISA法测定其抗体水平。结果显示,血清抗体比卵黄抗体的滴度高,两者呈正相关性,卵黄抗体出现较血清抗体迟3~5 d,卵黄抗体在第3次免疫后3~5 d就已达到较高水平,此时即可开始收集鸡蛋制备卵黄抗体。 相似文献
13.
不同品种鸡蛋品质的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随机抽取40周龄尼克粉鸡、仿草鸡、苏禽黄鸡、青壳蛋鸡的蛋各100个,进行蛋品质测定。结果表明不同品种鸡蛋的蛋品质存在着差异,除蛋形指数差异不显著外,4种鸡蛋的蛋壳颜色和蛋黄颜色相互间存在极显著差异(P<0.01);尼克粉鸡蛋、苏禽黄鸡蛋与仿草鸡蛋及青壳蛋鸡蛋的蛋重相互间存在极显著差异;尼克粉鸡蛋、青壳蛋鸡蛋与仿草鸡蛋、苏禽黄鸡蛋的蛋黄比率存在极显著差异;尼克粉鸡蛋与仿草鸡蛋、苏禽黄鸡蛋、青壳蛋鸡蛋的蛋壳厚度存在极显著差异;4种鸡蛋的哈氏单位相互间表现出显著(P<0.05)或极显著的差异;蛋壳强度只在尼克粉鸡与仿草鸡之间有显著差异。 相似文献
14.
Peebles ED Kidd MT McDaniel CD Tanksley JP Parker HM Corzo A Woodworth JC 《British poultry science》2007,48(3):299-307
1. Ross 308 broiler breeder hens were given diets containing 0 or 25 mg L-carnitine/kg (8 replications per treatment) from 21 weeks of age. 2. Hens were inseminated with semen from Ross broiler breeder males. In a common facility, subsequent progeny hatchability and embryonic mortality at 25, 30, 32, and 38 weeks of breeder age were evaluated. 3. Subsequent egg component weights, incubational egg water loss, progeny embryo growth, and embryo, yolk sac and liver composition through 18 d of incubation at 27, 32, and 38 weeks of breeder age were evaluated. 4. Calculated additions of L-carnitine were in agreement with analysed contents of 3.5 and 31.1 mg free L-carnitine/kg of diet, respectively, and total L-carnitine concentrations increased by 48.6, 21.7, and 10.0% in 0-d yolk, 18-d yolk sac, and 18-d liver samples, respectively, due to the addition of dietary L-carnitine. 5. Supplemental L-carnitine resulted in increased (0.6%) relative 0-d egg yolk weight across weeks 27, 32, and 38, and reduced (0.38%) 18-d yolk sac palmitoleic acid concentration at week 27 without altering embryogenesis. 6. In conclusion, dietary L-carnitine (25 mg/kg of the diet) was deposited in the yolks of broiler breeder hens and was subsequently transferred to the embryonic liver via yolk sac absorption through 18 d of incubation. Furthermore, dietary L-carnitine supplementation increased ovarian follicle yolk deposition in 27-, 32-, and 38-week-old breeder hens, and influenced yolk sac fatty acid beta-oxidation in embryos from 27-week-old breeder hens causing yolk sac palmitoleic acid concentrations to be reduced by 18 d of incubation. 相似文献
15.
个品种鸡的蛋品质比较研究 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(11):12-12
随机选取43周龄的拉萨白鸡鸡蛋、藏鸡鸡蛋和白来航鸡鸡蛋各30枚,进行蛋品质测定。结果表明,3个品种鸡的蛋品质存在差异,除蛋比重差异不显著（P〉0.05）外,拉萨白鸡鸡蛋、白来航鸡鸡蛋与藏鸡鸡蛋的蛋重、蛋壳颜色、气室直径、蛋壳百分率、蛋壳强度、蛋黄重量、蛋壳厚度均存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）;拉萨白鸡鸡蛋、藏鸡鸡蛋与白来航鸡鸡蛋的蛋形指数存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）;拉萨白鸡鸡蛋与藏鸡鸡蛋、白来航鸡鸡蛋的蛋白高度、哈氏单位存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）;蛋白重量、蛋黄比色在3个品种鸡的鸡蛋中存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）;拉萨白鸡鸡蛋与藏鸡鸡蛋、白来航鸡鸡蛋的蛋白百分率存在显著差异（P〈0.05）;3个品种鸡的蛋壳重量和蛋黄百分率相互表现出显著或极显著差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;拉萨白鸡鸡蛋、白来航鸡鸡蛋与藏鸡鸡蛋的血肉斑存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。综合来看,拉萨白鸡的蛋品质最佳,具有良好的市场前景,应加大对拉萨白鸡的品种培育力度。 相似文献
16.
为了解产蛋鸡对犬瘟热病毒杭原的免疫反应及其血清抗体和卵黄抗体的消长规律及相关性,为制备卵黄抗体提供依据,将犬瘟热病毒接种Vero细胞和DF1细胞进行传代并测定其病毒滴度,选取细胞病变出现早,病毒滴度高的Vero细胞毒作为接种病毒抗原免疫蛋鸡。通过每10d进行蛋鸡免疫一次,四免后每30d加强免疫一次的方法进行免疫。免疫前和免疫后每10d采血分离血清和每5d收集鸡蛋提取卵黄抗体,用琼脂扩散法和间接ELISA法测定其抗体水平。结果显示,血清抗体比卵黄抗体的滴度高,两者间呈正相关性,卵黄抗体出现较血清抗体迟3～5d,卵黄抗体在三免后3～5d就已达到较高水平,此时即可开始收集鸡蛋制备卵黄抗体。 相似文献
17.
M. Shah-Majid 《Research in veterinary science》1994,57(3):177
The effect of Mycoplasma gallinarum isolated from village chickens on embryonated village chicken eggs was investigated. Seven-, 10−, 12− and 18-day-old embryos were inoculated with medium containing 106 colony forming units of M gallinarum or with uninfected medium and incubated at 37°C until they hatched. There was no significant difference between the infected embryos which failed to hatch and those which hatched or between them and the group inoculated with medium only. A much higher percentage of the eggs inoculated as 18-day-old embryos hatched than of those inoculated at seven, 10 and 12 days old. The hatchability of the uninoculated village chicken eggs used in the four trials ranged from 60 to 100 per cent. Mycoplasmas were isolated from the oesophagus, trachea and yolk of the infected chicks and from the dead-in-shell embryos. 相似文献
18.
Comparative evaluation of the effect of two maternal diets on fatty acids, vitamin E and carotenoids in the chick embryo. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1. The fatty acid profile of egg yolk and vitamin E and carotenoid accumulation in the egg yolk and embryonic tissues were investigated in relation to the maternal diet. 2. Two hundred fertile eggs (Ross 308 Broiler Breeder), obtained from hens fed on a maize-based (M-diet) or a wheat-based diet (W-diet), were incubated using standard conditions. 3. The egg yolk and embryo tissues (residual yolk, yolk sac membrane, liver, kidney, lung, muscles, adipose tissue and plasma) were collected on d 18 of incubation and on d 21 (newly-hatched chicks) and analysed for fatty acids, vitamin E and carotenoids. 4. The diets did not differ in terms of fatty acid or alpha-tocopherol concentrations. The concentration of carotenoids in the M-diet was 11.8 mg/kg and in the W-diet was 5.6 mg/kg with lutein and zeaxanthin being major carotenoids. 5. Eggs from the M-group contained higher (P<0.01) concentrations of beta+gamma-tocopherols, total carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin. Chickens hatched from those eggs were characterised by the increased concentrations of total carotenoids and zeaxanthin in all the tissues studied. The concentration of beta+gamma-tocopherol was enhanced only in the liver and yolk sac membrane. 6. It is concluded that the maternal diet plays an important role in antioxidant systems formation during chick embryonic development; the M-diet can increase the antioxidant potential of the egg yolk and embryonic tissues compared to the antioxidant potential provided by parent birds fed the W-diet. 相似文献
19.
Laying hens were inoculated orally, intracloacally (IC), or intravenously (IV) with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 8 isolates from a human (E700-87) eggs (Y-8P2), or the ovary of a hen (27A). Oral or IV inoculation of 2 x 10(8) to 4 x 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU) of E700-87 caused depression, anorexia, reduced egg production, diarrhea, and some mortality. Lower doses resulted in milder clinical signs. S. enteritidis was cultured from the shells of a few eggs but not from egg contents. Fecal shedding persisted for up to 6 weeks in some birds. Isolate Y-8P2 (10(6) CFU) also caused anorexia, diarrhea, and a drop in egg production. Hens inoculated orally or IC were less severely affected than those inoculated IV. Fecal shedding was intermittent and lasted up to 18 days. Eggshells from the IC-inoculated birds had the highest rate of contamination, and S. enteritidis was isolated from the albumen of 11 and yolk of three of 726 eggs. Oral inoculation of 10(6) CFU of isolate 27A resulted in a bacteremic infection with seeding of the liver, spleen, peritoneum, ovule, and oviduct. However, the birds remained clinically normal with normal egg production. S. enteritidis was cultured from the yolk and albumen of a small number of eggs until 11 days postinfection. Antigen prepared from S. enteritidis detected antibody in more sera than did commercially available S. pullorum antigen in agglutination tests. 相似文献
20.
Intestinal tissues from swine affected with proliferative enteritis were ground, filtered through a 0.65-micron pore membrane filter, diluted, and injected into 7-day-old embryonated hens' eggs via the yolk sac. At 2, 4, and 7 days later, yolk sac swab specimens taken from live embryos were cultured for Campylobacter species. Campylobacter hyointestinalis was recovered from eggs injected with tissues of swine with acute hemorrhagic proliferative enteritis at dilutions up to 10(-4). Campylobacter mucosalis was recovered from eggs injected with tissues of swine with chronic proliferative enteritis at dilutions up to 10(-6). Campylobacter coli was recovered from several specimens without lesions of proliferative enteritis and also from some specimens with lesions of proliferative enteritis. Two previously undescribed hemolytic Campylobacter species designed as hemolytic number 1 and hemolytic number 2 were recovered from normal and experimentally inoculated swine tissues. Few contaminating organisms grow in eggs and these were usually recovered at dilutions of 10(-2) or less. Recovery of Campylobacter species by use of these techniques was seldom successful in tissues stored at -70 C for more than 6 months. 相似文献