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Effects of Non-flooded Cultivation with Straw Mulching on Rice Agronomic Traits and Water Use Efficiency 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the main foodstuffs of Chinese people. More than 30% crop field is used for rice cultivation in China. It provides 45% of crop yields in our country. However, the production of irrigated rice requires considerable water, up t… 相似文献
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Yield, grain quality and water use efficiency of rice under non-flooded mulching cultivation 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Plastic film or straw mulching cultivation under non-flooded condition has been considered as a new water-saving technique in rice production. This study aimed to investigate the yield performance in terms of quality and quantity and water use efficiency (WUE) under such practices. A field experiment across 3 years was conducted with two high-yielding rice cultivars, Zhendao 88 (a japonica cultivar) and Shanyou 63 (an indica hybrid cultivar) and four cultivation treatments imposed from transplanting to maturity: traditional flooding as control (TF), non-flooded plastic film mulching (PM), non-flooded wheat straw mulching (SM), and non-flooded no mulching (NM). Compared with those under the TF, root oxidation activity, photosynthetic rate, and activities of key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grains during the grain filling period were significantly increased under the SM, whereas they were significantly reduced under the PM and NM treatments. Grain yield showed some reduction under all the non-flooded cultivations but differed largely among the treatments. The reduction in yield was 7.3–17.5% under the PM, 2.8–6.3% under the SM, and 39–49% under the NM. The difference in grain yield was not significant between TF and SM treatments. WUE for irrigation was increased by 314–367% under the PM, 307–321% under the SM, and 98–138% under the NM. Under the same treatment especially under non-flooded conditions, the indica hybrid cultivar showed a higher grain yield and higher WUE than the japonica cultivar. The SM significantly improved milling, appearance, and cooking qualities, whereas the PM or the NM decreased these qualities. We conclude that both PM and SM could significantly increase WUE, while the SM could also maintain a high grain yield and improve quality of rice. The SM would be a better practice than the PM in areas where water is scarce while temperature is favorable to rice growth, such as in Southeast China. 相似文献
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为简化麦茬稻栽培流程并促进小麦秸秆有效还田,在小麦收获前,麦茬稻撒播于大田（简称“撒播”,下同）且小麦收获后麦秸覆盖和土壤免耕栽培。结果表明,麦茬稻撒播栽培的播种期较插秧栽培推迟32 d（插秧栽培的育秧期）,各生育期推迟天数随着生育期的发展逐渐减少,即出苗期、分蘖期、抽穗期和成熟期分别推迟31.0 d、24.7 d、18.7 d和12.7 d;全生育期也相应缩短19.3 d。撒播方式下,麦茬稻无分蘖穗,穗粒数和千粒重分别较插秧栽培增加3.36粒和0.27 g,产量仅降低1.60%。可见,麦茬稻撒播栽培方式简化了生产流程、降低了生产成本,并高效利用小麦秸秆。 相似文献
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为明确不同秸秆还田模式下耕作方式对小麦籽粒产量及品质的影响,在沿淮下游地区,以淮麦36为材料,通过二因素裂区试验,以稻秸全量还田（S1）、稻秸不还田（S0）2种秸秆还田模式为主区,以免耕（T1）、旋耕（T2）、翻耕（T3）3种耕作方式为副区,比较分析了不同处理下小麦出苗、干物质转运、产量和品质等方面的差异。结果表明,在土壤墒情适宜（两年度土壤相对含水量分别为78.6%和72.5%）条件下,稻秸全量还田免耕处理的小麦出苗率和出苗均匀度较不还田处理分别下降了14.04%和28.46%,有效穗数降低4.37%,差异均显著。翻耕可减弱秸秆还田对小麦出苗带来的不利影响,提高出苗率和出苗均匀度,改善播种质量,增加拔节后光合面积,促进花后光合物质生产,增粒增重,最终实现增产,使产量较免耕平均增加12.85%。稻秸还田与翻耕均可改善小麦加工和营养品质。综上,稻秸全量还田结合翻耕有助于实现高产优质小麦的生产,适宜在沿淮下游稻茬麦区推广应用。 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》2005,91(2-3):307-318
A 3-year field experiment examined the effects of non-flooded mulching cultivation and traditional flooding and four fertilizer N application rates (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha−1 for rice and 0, 60,120, and 180 kg N ha−1 for wheat) on grain yield, N uptake, residual soil Nmin and the net N balance in a rice–wheat rotation on Chengdu flood plain, southwest China. There were significant grain yield responses to N fertilizer. Nitrogen applications of >150 kg ha−1 for rice and >120 kg ha−1 for wheat gave no increase in crop yield but increased crop N uptake and N balance surplus in both water regimes. Average rice grain yield increased by 14% with plastic film mulching and decreased by 16% with wheat straw mulching at lower N inputs compared with traditional flooding. Rice grain yields under SM were comparable to those under PM and TF at higher N inputs. Plastic film mulching of preceding rice did not affect the yield of succeeding wheat but straw mulching had a residual effect on succeeding wheat. As a result, there was 17–18% higher wheat yield under N0 in SM than those in PM and TF. Combined rice and wheat grain yields under plastic mulching was similar to that of flooding and higher than that of straw mulching across N treatments. Soil mineral N (top 60 cm) after the rice harvest ranged from 50 to 65 kg ha−1 and was unaffected by non-flooded mulching cultivation and N rate. After the wheat harvest, soil Nmin ranged from 66 to 88 kg N ha−1 and increased with increasing fertilizer N rate. High N inputs led to a positive N balance (160–621 kg ha−1), but low N inputs resulted in a negative balance (−85 to −360 kg ha−1). Across N treatments, the net N balances of SM were highest among the three cultivations systems, resulting from additional applied wheat straw (79 kg ha−1) as mulching materials. There was not clear trend found in net N balance between PM and TF. Results from this study indicate non-flooded mulching cultivation may be utilized as an alternative option for saving water, using efficiently straw and maintaining or improving crop yield in rice–wheat rotation systems. There is the need to evaluate the long-term environmental risks of non-flooded mulching cultivation and improve system productivity (especially with straw mulching) by integrated resource management. 相似文献
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龙岩市农技站于2005--2007年在双季稻区连续3a进行了不同免耕栽培方式试验。结果表明,晚季半年免耕早、晚稻产量与习惯有耕相比无显著差异,节本增收效果好,可作为水稻免耕的主要方式推广;全年免耕晚稻产量与习惯有耕相比产量显著减少,土壤容重显著增加,不适宜双季稻区推广。 相似文献
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免耕玉米秸秆覆盖水稻的生育特性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2002~2003年在大田条件下研究了玉米茬移栽稻不同耕作方式对杂交稻的产量和生长特性的影响。结果表明,玉米茬晚稻以免耕畦作玉米秸秆覆盖处理产量最高,免耕玉米秸秆不覆盖处理次之,分别比传统翻耕移栽增产121%~20.5%和7.5%~7.7%。主要表现在白根比例高,根系伤流量大,分蘖早生快发,干物质量高。玉米茬晚稻免耕畦作玉米秸秆覆盖处理各主要生育期叶面积指数大,叶绿素含量和叶片光合速率高,氮素的积累和吸收量大。免耕玉米秸秆不覆盖处理开花前生长较旺,但后期存在早衰现象。 相似文献
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长期秸秆还田与耕作方式对水稻产量及品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过稻麦两熟制下的长期定位试验,研究连续秸秆还田及不同耕作方式对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果显示,与“翻耕+秸秆不还田”（对照,CT）相比,“免耕+秸秆还田”处理（MTS）和“翻耕+秸秆还田”处理（CTS）改善了抽穗期水稻上3叶的氮素水平,显著提高了水稻产量,2年试验水稻产量CTS处理比CT处理增加6.9%~14.8%。从产量构成因素来看,MTS和CTS处理的有效穗数都显著提高,实粒数也有所增加;从稻米品质来看,MTS和CTS处理在一定程度上改善稻米的加工品质、外观品质及蒸煮食味品质。但“连续免耕+秸秆还田”处理（NTS）降低了水稻产量,产量比对照（CT）低10.9%~11.8%;与对照（CT）相比,NTS处理的每穗实粒数显著下降,外观品质和蒸煮食味品质变劣。 相似文献
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为筛选出适宜麦茬免耕覆秸精量播种栽培方式的夏大豆品种(系),运用灰色综合评判法,对来自黄淮海地区的12个夏大豆品种(系)的12个主要农艺性状进行综合分析,对各参试品系的灰色综合评判等级排序。结果表明:商豆1201、冀豆12、菏豆14的综合性状表现突出、产量高,可作为推广麦茬免耕覆秸精量播种技术的主要种植品种;郑7051、周豆22号、阜豆16及山宁19的农艺性状表现也较好,产量高于对照,可适当推广种植;皖豆21144、徐9302-A及皖宿01-15灰色综合评判值低于对照,中黄39的产量低于对照,但是相差很小。本研究表明所有参试品系均适宜免耕覆秸精量播种栽培方式,免耕覆秸精量播种技术在黄淮海地区具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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CHEN Song XIA Guo-mian ZHAO Wei-ming WU Fei-bo ZHANG Guo-ping 《水稻科学》2007,14(4):283-288
A study was conducted to determine the influence of no-tillage cultivation on leaf photosynthesis of rice plants under field conditions. Experiments with the treatments, no-tillage and conventional tillage were carried out at three locations (Jiaxing, Hangzhou, and Xiaoshan, Zhejiang Province, China) for two years (2005 and 2006). Grain yield was constant in Jiaxing, but slightly higher in Hangzhou and Xiaoshan under no-tillage cultivation than that under conventional cultivation. In comparison with the conventional cultivation, no-tillage cultivation showed less biomass accumulation before heading and higher capacity of matter production during grain filling. A significantly higher leaf net photosynthetic rate was observed for the plants under no-tillage than for those under conventional tillage. The fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm) in leaf did not show any difference between the two cultivations. The effect of cultivation management on transpiration rate (Tr) and SPAD value of rice leaf was dependent on the location and year. 相似文献
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以中嘉早17（早稻）和泰优390（晚稻）为材料,进行长期定位试验,研究不同耕作方式与秸秆还田耦合条件下水稻产量和品质的表现。结果表明,与秸秆不还田处理相比,秸秆还田处理能显著增加水稻产量,增产幅度为9%,“早稻旋耕+晚稻翻耕”处理对水稻增产效果最明显,周年产量高达15.8 t/hm2,较其他处理高5%~36%。秸秆还田与耕作方式互作对早、晚稻米垩白粒率、早稻RVA 谱特性、晚稻消减值具有极显著影响,而对其他外观、加工品质影响不显著。不同耕作方式下稻米外观品质差异不明显,“秸秆还田+早晚稻均免耕”处理稻米加工品质最优,而“秸秆还田+早稻旋耕+晚稻翻耕”处理稻米RVA 谱特性最佳。综合得出,“秸秆还田+早稻旋耕+晚稻翻耕”处理增产效果最好且蒸煮品质最优。 相似文献
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LIU Shi ping NIE Xin tao DAI Qi gen Huo Zhong yang XU Ke 《水稻科学》2007,14(3):204-210
The interplanting with zero-tillage of rice, i.e. direct sowing rice 10-20 days before wheat harvesting, and remaining about 30-cm high stubble after cutting wheat or rice with no tillage, is a new cultivation technology in wheat-rice rotation system. To study the effects of interplanting with zero tillage and straw manure on rice growth and quality, an experiment was conducted in a wheat-rotation rotation system. Four treatments, i.e. ZIS (Zero-tillage, straw manure and rice interplanting), ZI (Zero-tillage, no straw manure and rice interplanting), PTS (Plowing tillage, straw manure and rice transplanting), and PT (Plowing tillage, no straw manure and rice transplanting), were used. ZIS reduced plant height, leaf area per plant and the biomass of rice plants, but the biomass accumulation of rice at the late stage was quicker than that under conventional transplanting cultivation. In the first year (2002), there was no significant difference in rice yield among the four treatments. However, rice yield decreased in interplanting with zero-tillage in the second year (2003). Compared with the transplanting treatments, the number of filled grains per panicle decreased but 1000-grain weight increased in interplanting with zero-tillage, which were the main factors resulting in higher yield. Interplanting with zero-tillage improved the milling and appearance qualities of rice. The rates of milled and head rice increased while chalky rice rate and chalkiness decreased in interplanting with zero-tillage. Zero-tillage and interplanting also affected rice nutritional and cooking qualities. In 2002, ZIS showed raised protein content, decreased amylose content, softer gel consistency, resulting in improved rice quality. In 2003, zero-tillage and interplanting decreased protein content and showed similar amylose content as compared with transplanting treatments. Moreover, protein content in PTS was obviously increased in comparison with the other three treatments. The rice in interplanting with zero-tillage treatments had higher peak viscosity and breakdown, lower setback, showing better rice taste quality. The straw manure had no significant effect on rice viscosity under interplanting with zero-tillage, but had the negative influence on the rice taste quality under transplanting with plowing tillage. 相似文献
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不同耕作方式对超级杂交稻两优培九产量形成和养分吸收的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了探明免耕对杂交水稻产量的影响．在前3年定位试验的基础上,于2006-2007年在长沙以两优培九为材料进行了翻耕移栽、翻耕直播、免耕移栽和免耕直播4种耕作方式的田间比较试验。结果表明在直播条件下,免耕稻与翻耕稻氮素的吸收量相似,而磷素和钾素吸收量分别比翻耕稻高11．52％和10．44％;在移栽条件下,免耕稻氮素和磷素的吸收量分别比翻耕稻高13．52％和0．67％,但钾素的吸收量比翻耕稻低12．36％。无论在移栽或在直播条件下．免耕稻与翻耕稻产量差异不显著．但无论在翻耕或在免耕条件下．直播稻产量略高于移栽稻,2006年和2007年试验结果一致。 相似文献
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栽培方式对双季超级稻产量及干物质积累的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2008年在湖南农业大学（长沙）和浏阳市永安镇以超级稻为材料,进行了不同栽培方式的大田比较试验。结果表明：（1）栽培方式对超级稻有效穗数有显著影响,各处理以免耕摆栽的有效穗最多,早稻为280．14万～308．49万／hm^2。晚稻为378．31万～416．53万／hm^2;（2）栽培方式对超级稻干物质积累量有显著影响．“三定”栽培前期干物质积累较慢,但抽穗后干物质积累多和转运效率高．其中早稻提高12．51％,晚稻提高10．20％～18．07％;（3）栽培方式对超级稻产量及其产量构成有显著影响．各处理以“三定”栽培产量最高,早稻为6．94～7．21t／hm^2,晚稻为9．23～9．86t／hm^2,其高产的原因与每穗总粒数增加有关。 相似文献