共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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利用寄主昆虫增殖病毒时，影响病毒产量的因素很多，其中寄主昆虫的敏感性是重要因素之一。尽管国内外在不同寄主对同种病毒敏感性方面进行了较多研究，但在相同寄主不同品系对同种病毒敏感性上的研究，尚未见报道。鉴于此，本文开展了甜菜夜蛾不同品系对甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒（Spodoptera exigua Nucleopolyhedmvirus，SeNPV）敏感性的研究，以期筛选到高敏感性寄主昆虫，从而实现在甜菜夜蛾幼虫末龄高效增殖甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒，达到有效提高甜菜夜蛾病毒杀虫剂生产效率的目的。现报道如下。 相似文献
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粘虫[Mythimna separata（Walker）]是一种重要农业害虫，对麦类、玉米、谷子、高梁、水稻等禾本科作物为害十分严重。粘虫核型多角体病毒（Mythimnn separata nucleopolyhedrovirus，MsNPV）是粘虫的一类重要病原微生物，对防治粘虫有较广阔的应用前景。昆虫细胞系的建立，为昆虫病毒培养开辟了新的途径。随着对MsNPV高敏感性的粘虫胚胎细胞系NEAUMs-980312的建立，为MsNPV离体培养提供了可能。本论文就粘虫活体增殖和细胞系离体培养增殖的MsNPV对粘虫幼虫的毒力进行了比较测定。现将研究结果报道如下。 相似文献
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昆虫病毒在田间随时间的衰减过程为单调下降型，可用指数方程描述这种衰减。灵敏度分析显示，若日光强度大，则其照射时间是决定衰减量的主要因子；反之，日光强度是病毒衰减的主要因子。基于该方程以及昆虫的死亡－剂量反应关系，导出了昆虫病毒田间施用量的计算方程，其中包含日光强度、作物允许受害水平、病毒毒力和对日光的抵抗力、昆虫为害力、种群数量、亩株数、单株叶面积等因子。参数分析证明了该方程的合理性，同时，对斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒的田间施用量进行计算分析，结果与大田表现一致，为利用昆虫病毒防治害虫提供了一种新型的定量标准。 相似文献
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杨双尾舟蛾（Ceruraermineamenciana）又名杨二尾舟蛾，属鳞翅目舟蛾科。国内分布较广，主要危害杨柳科树种〔1〕，能暴发成灾，严重发生年份，可将树叶食光，造成树木早衰枯死。1987年8月，在宁阳县汶河岸杨树林中地面上发现大量的杨双尾舟蛾幼虫破烂虫尸，有的虫尸仍以腹足附着枝条悬挂。病死虫表皮极易破碎，流出黄白色粘稠体液。从病区采回自然患病死亡的虫尸，进行分离鉴定，诊断病原体是一种核型多角体病毒。现将初步观察结果报道如下。研究报告1．材料和方法1．1多角体染色采用什维佐娃（Shvezova）法和杰姆萨法进行染色鉴别。1．2… 相似文献
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昆虫病毒是生物防治的重要资源之一.国际病毒分类委员会ICTV负责病毒的分类和命名.ICTV最近一次报告是2005年的第Ⅷ报告.本文介绍了第Ⅷ报告以来昆虫病毒分类上的一些变化.昆虫杆状病毒科Bacluoviridae被重新分为a杆状病毒属Alphabaculovirus、β杆状病毒属Betabaculovirus、δ杆状病毒属Deltabaculovirus和γ杆状病毒属Gammabaculovirus 4个属.传染性软腐病病毒属Iflavirus中又增加了3个新种,其中2个是昆虫病原病毒,包括正茶尺蠖病毒Ectropis obliqua virus和羽翼畸形病毒Deformed wing virus,并以该属为代表属建立了新科--传染性软腐病病毒科Iflaviridae.蟋蟀麻痹病毒属Cripavirus中新增加了1个新种,即琉璃叶蝉病毒1 Homalodisca coagulata virus-1.ω四体病毒属Omegatetravirus也增加了新种马尾松毛虫病毒Dendrolimus punctatus virus. 相似文献
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很多植物病毒经介体昆虫以持久循回型的方式水平传播至寄主韧皮部致病，而唾液腺是介体昆虫持久传毒的重要器官，也是植物病毒在介体昆虫内循回需要克服的最后一道防线。持久性植物病毒要完成水平传播，必须突破昆虫唾液腺屏障的阻碍，因此病毒和介体昆虫间形成了“攻”与“守”的较量与对决。揭示持久性植物病毒克服昆虫唾液腺屏障，实现水平传播的机制，对病害控制具有重要意义。该文着眼于介体昆虫唾液腺在持久传毒过程中的重要功能，回顾了虫传植物病毒突破介体昆虫唾液腺侵入屏障和释放屏障的分子机制，探讨了昆虫唾液蛋白通过调节植物或昆虫的适应性和行为促进或抑制病毒水平传播的功能，为制定阻断介体昆虫传播植物病毒途径的防控策略提供理论依据。 相似文献
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对于多数植物病毒而言,其在田间的自然扩散主要依赖昆虫等介体生物,而媒介昆虫的垂直传播是植物病毒长期存在并发生的重要原因。对媒介昆虫垂直传播病毒机制的研究不仅可以为未来开发高效低毒农药奠定基础,更可为植物病毒与昆虫的互作和病毒病的预测预报提供新的视野及角度。媒介昆虫在植物病毒传播过程中的具体作用在近几年被广泛研究。该文综述了近年来植物病毒在昆虫体内垂直传播的研究进展,包括昆虫传播植物病毒的方式、植物病毒在昆虫体内的垂直传播方式以及虫媒病毒垂直传播的可能机制等。在整个垂直传播的过程中,植物病毒的衣壳蛋白、磷蛋白和媒介昆虫唐氏综合症细胞黏附分子、硫酸乙酰肝素糖蛋白、热激蛋白以及卵黄原蛋白,甚至共生菌都有参与。最后,基于媒介昆虫和植物病毒的关系对未来植物病毒病的绿色防控和生物防控进行了展望。 相似文献
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Virus-like particles (VLPs) represent a biodegradable, biocompatible nanomaterial made from viral coat proteins that can improve the delivery of antigens, drugs, nucleic acids, and other substances, with most applications in human and veterinary medicine. Regarding agricultural viruses, many insect and plant virus coat proteins have been shown to assemble into VLPs accurately. In addition, some plant virus-based VLPs have been used in medical studies. However, to our knowledge, the potential application of plant/insect virus-based VLPs in agriculture remains largely underexplored. This review focuses on why and how to engineer coat proteins of plant/insect viruses as functionalized VLPs, and how to exploit VLPs in agricultural pest control. The first part of the review describes four different engineering strategies for loading cargo at the inner or the outer surface of VLPs depending on the type of cargo and purpose. Second, the literature on plant and insect viruses the coat proteins of which have been confirmed to self-assemble into VLPs is reviewed. These VLPs are good candidates for developing VLP-based agricultural pest control strategies. Lastly, the concepts of plant/insect virus-based VLPs for delivering insecticidal and antiviral components (e.g., double-stranded RNA, peptides, and chemicals) are discussed, which provides future prospects of VLP application in agricultural pest control. In addition, some concerns are raised about VLP production on a large scale and the short-term resistance of hosts to VLP uptake. Overall, this review is expected to stimulate interest and research exploring plant/insect virus-based VLP applications in agricultural pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献
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储藏物害虫的病原微生物包括病原细菌、真菌、病毒和病原原生动物等。本文综述了储藏物害虫病原微生物的研究与应用概况 ,并就病原微生物防治与其它防治方法的兼容作了简要概述 ,以期为储藏物害虫的生物防治提供参考。 相似文献
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In the isolated Arava region of Israel, virus epidemics in vegetables were avoided by enforcing a crop-free period of one
month during June-July. It was found that the cultivated crops are the major reservoir of viruses, and that during these months
the insect vector population and the natural virus sources are low. Therefore, a one-month crop-free period was declared during
June-July, and since its enforcement in 1986, no economic damage caused by insect-borne viruses has been recorded.
Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 2323-E, 1997 series 相似文献
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取食葛藤的昆虫种类调查初报 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文对取食葛藤的昆虫种类进行了系统调查和初步鉴定，共获得110种，其主种类有豆突眼长蝽Chauliops bisontula Scott、筛豆龟蝽Megacopta cribraria (Fabricius)、紫茎甲Sagra femorata Lichtenstein、斑鞘豆叶甲Colposcelis signata(Motschulsky)、黄守瓜Anlacophora femoralis (Motschulsky)、豆芫菁Epicauta obscurocephala Peitter、大白叶蝉Tettigoniella spetra (Kalrenbach)、烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennidiaus)、棉红蜘蛛Tetranychus urtica(Kock)、花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa Trybom）等。调查结果表明，鞘翅目的昆虫种类最为丰富，有8科46种，其次是半翅目，5科24种，最少的是蜱螨目，仅1科1种。 相似文献
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应用斯氏线虫防治8种鳞翅目、鞘翅目昆虫的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
1991—1993年在哈尔滨、牡丹江和阿城等地进行了应用斯氏线虫防治8种害虫的研究,其中鳞翅目5种:粘虫、甘蓝夜蛾、银纹夜蛾、向日葵螟、小菜蛾;鞘翅目3种:白星金龟子、马铃薯瓢虫和细胸金针虫。用3个种5个品系线虫测定的结果表明,除金针虫外,斯氏线虫对其它7种害虫均能侵染。室内试验表明,Beijing品系对粘虫、甘蓝夜蛾、向日葵螟和小菜蛾的致病力最强,害虫死亡率范围为79.3％—100.0％。田间试验表明,Beijing品系线虫对马铃薯二十八星瓢虫具有较好的防治效果。而NC32和Beijing品系在室内和田间对细胸金针虫均未表现出致病力。这些结果表明,斯氏线虫在本省具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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本文首次报道四川省竹巴龙自然保护区的昆虫种类计有11目,63科,128种。其中以鳞翅目Lepidoptera、双翅目Diptera和鞘翅目Coleoptera种类居多,分别占总数的37．1%、20．5%和16．6%,蜚蠊目Blattaria最少,只有一种。区系成分在低海拔区以典型的东洋种类为主,随着海拔的增加东洋区种类所占比例下降,逐渐为古北成分所替代,昆虫种类的垂直分布明显。 相似文献
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Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are the most commonly used biopesticides for the control of Helicoverpa spp. larvae on cotton crops in Australia. The performance of NPV and Bt against Helicoverpa spp. larvae on cotton crops, is inconsistent and at times totally unsatisfactory against high densities of Helicoverpa spp. larvae. We determined the effect of mixing petroleum spray oils, containing ultra-violet light absorbing compounds, with NPV and Bt for efficacy against Helicoverpa spp. larvae, levels of cotton plant damage, and persistence of efficacy. The study showed that the efficacy and persistence of NPV and Bt were increased when mixed with petroleum spray oil (PSO?–?Canopy®) at the rate of 2% (v/v). In the field experiments, mixing NPV with 1 and 2% (v/v) PSO, increased Helicoverpa spp. mortality from 25.9 to 31.5 and 44.8%, respectively. Similarly, the mortality caused by Bt, when mixed with 1 and 2% (v/v) PSO, was increased from 31.5 to 36.0 and 48.2%, respectively. In addition, 1 and 2% PSO mixtures with NPV increased persistence of efficacy from 1.1 to 1.6 and 2.5 days, respectively, whilst persistence of Bt was increased from 1.5 to 1.8 and 2.6 days, respectively. In another study using potted cotton plants, in which the plants were left outdoors throughout the study, the average NPV induced mortality of first instar Helicoverpa larvae was increased from 20.9% to 35.9 and 43.4% by 1 and 2% (v/v) PSO, respectively. Persistence of NPV efficacy was enhanced by 2 and 3.1 times by 1 and 2% (v/v) PSO, respectively. Similarly, Bt induced mortality of Helicoverpa larvae was increased by 1 and 2% PSO from 68.1 to 78.8 and 83.2%, respectively, and the persistence of Bt efficacy was enhanced 1.3?–?2.0 times, respectively. In a mesh house study, young cotton plants, treated with a PSO/biopesticide mixture, suffered less leaf damage than cotton plants treated with the biopesticides alone. In conclusion, the results of this study showed synergies from the combined use of UV protected PSO and NPV or Bt, against Helicoverpa spp. larvae on cotton. Such a biopesticide-PSO combinations could be a useful tool for IPM program in cotton. 相似文献
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本文报道了甘肃陇东农业害虫主要寄生性天敌昆虫。通过饲养玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee．胡麻短纹卷蛾Falseuncaria kaszabi Razowski．桃小食心虫Carposina niponensis Walsingham．梨星毛虫Illiberis pruni Dxar．梨大食心虫Nephopteryx pirivorella Matsumura．苹果巢蛾Hyponomeuts malinella Zeller．苹果球蚧Rhodococcus sariuoni Borehs．等9种农业害虫，观察记录了大螟瘦姬蜂Eriborus terebrans（Gravenhotst）．派姬蜂Pamperthous sp．金小蜂Eupteromalus sp．多胚跳小蜂Copidosoma sp．无脊大腿小蜂Bracltymeria excarinata Gahan．绒茧蜂Apanteles sp．日本黄茧蜂Meteorus japonicus Ashmead．折肛短须寄蝇Linnaemya scutellaris（Malloch）．卷蛾寄蝇Blondelia spp．选择盆地寄蝇Bessa selecta fugax Rondani．黄眶离缘姬蜂Trathala flavo-orbitalis Cameron．梨大长尾瘤姬蜂Gregopimpla sp．苹果巢蛾跳小蜂Ageniaspis fuscicollis （Dalman）．蓝绿跳小蜂Blastothrix spl．等23种寄生性天敌昆虫。黑光灯诱集，发现地蚕大铗姬蜂Eutanyacra picta Schrank．细颚姬蜂Enicospilus sp．瘦姬蜂Ophion sp．距茧蜂Homolobus sp．等6种寄生性天敌昆虫。计29种寄生性天敌昆虫，隶属姬蜂科Ichneumonldae．茧蜂科Braconidae，小蜂科Chalcididae．金小蜂科Pteromalidae．跳小蜂科Encyrtidae．寄蝇科Larvaevovidae．等9科。其中苹果巢蛾跳小蜂为国内首次记录。 相似文献