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1.
入侵云南草地贪夜蛾种群对5种常用Bt蛋白的敏感性评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)是原分布于美洲大陆热带和亚热带地区的一种重要玉米害虫。在当地,种植抗虫转基因玉米是防控草地贪夜蛾危害的主要手段。该虫于2019年1月入侵我国云南省,为明确入侵我国云南的草地贪夜蛾种群对常用Bt蛋白的敏感性水平,本文通过饲料表面涂抹法测定了瑞丽草地贪夜蛾幼虫对Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1F、Cry2Ab以及Vip3A等5种Bt蛋白的敏感性。结果表明:几种常用Bt蛋白对瑞丽草地贪夜蛾致死作用顺序为Vip3ACry1AbCry1FCry2AbCry1Ac,对草地贪夜蛾抑制生长发育的顺序为Cry1AbCry1FVip3ACry1AcCry2Ab。此外,与美国相对敏感种群比较,云南瑞丽草地贪夜蛾种群对Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1F、Cry2Ab和Vip3A的敏感性指标在0.28～3.76之间,表明该入侵种群对此5种Bt蛋白均未产生抗性。此研究可为将来建立以转Bt基因玉米作为防控草地贪夜蛾的技术体系提供依据。 相似文献
2.
评价转Bt基因玉米对靶标生物亚洲玉米螟的杀虫作用是转基因玉米研发的重要一环。本文采用室内生测法对3种转Bt基因抗虫玉米‘瑞丰125’(表达Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj杀虫蛋白),‘DBN9936’‘DBN9978’(表达Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白)对亚洲玉米螟敏感品系ACB-S及抗Cry1Ab品系ACB-AbR、抗Cry1Ac品系ACB-AcR、抗Cry1F品系ACB-FR、抗Cry1Ah品系ACB-AhR、抗Cry1Ie品系ACB-IeR的杀虫活性进行测定,同时采用心叶期和抽丝期人工接虫法进行田间抗虫效果鉴定。结果表明,取食3种Bt玉米的ACB-S幼虫, 3 d死亡率100%,而取食对照常规玉米3 d存活率100%。取食3种Bt玉米的5个抗性品系幼虫除ACB-AbR和ACB-AcR有2%~6%的个体存活4~5 d, 6 d死亡率也达到了100%,其余品系均在3 d全部死亡,而取食对照玉米5~6 d的死亡率仅为4%~14%,差异显著。田间心叶期食叶级别及穗期活虫数、雌穗被害和茎秆被蛀等为害等级说明3种Bt玉米高抗亚洲玉米螟。明确了‘瑞丰125’‘DBN9936’和‘DBN9978’对亚洲玉米螟有很高的杀虫活性和田间防治效果。5个Bt蛋白抗性亚洲玉米螟品系幼虫在常规玉米上显示一定的适合度劣势。 相似文献
3.
为评估玉米根萤叶甲 Diabrotica virgifera virgifera对我国玉米产业的潜在经济损失，在收集整理玉米产量、种植面积、市场价格以及玉米根萤叶甲为害和防控相关数据的基础上，结合其在我国的潜在地理分布，构建不防控和防控2种场景下玉米根萤叶甲的潜在经济损失随机模型，并利用@RISK软件预测其可能给我国玉米产业带来的潜在经济损失。结果显示，在不防控和防控场景下，玉米根萤叶甲对我国玉米产业造成的潜在经济损失总量分别为187.35亿~273.65亿元（90%置信区间）和47.31亿~102.65亿元（90%置信区间）；而在投入防控措施后，可挽回的潜在经济损失介于104.87亿~205.37亿元（90%置信区间）之间。表明玉米根萤叶甲可对我国玉米产业造成严重的潜在经济损失，采取积极的防控措施严防该害虫入侵我国是十分必要的。 相似文献
4.
粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)是我国玉米上的重要害虫。转Bt基因玉米为防治粘虫提供了新的途径。从室内生测和田间抗性鉴定分别研究了转cry1Ab基因抗虫玉米YieldGard对粘虫的杀虫效果。用4~7叶期转cry1Ab基因玉米心叶室内饲养1~3龄粘虫幼虫3、7和10天的死亡率分别为39.0%~92.0%、96.0%~98.0%和97.0%~100%,第14天全部死亡,而对照的死亡率分别为3.0%~8.0%、6.0%~20.0%和11.0%~28.0%,差异极显著。取食转cry1Ab基因玉米的幼虫不能正常生长发育,存活10天的幼虫其体重仅为取食对照玉米的9.0%。田间玉米4~5叶期,分别接1~6龄粘虫幼虫于转cry1Ab基因和非转基因玉米心叶。转cry1Ab基因玉米上各龄期幼虫平均存活率仅为0.0~6.7%,极显著低于非转基因玉米的8.3%~80.0%。转cry1Ab基因玉米的危害级别0.1~0.7,显著小于非转基因玉米的2.1~7.3。结果说明转cry1Ab基因玉米YieldGard对粘虫各龄幼虫有很高的杀虫作用和田间控制效果,同时能有效保护玉米免受危害。 相似文献
5.
为明确转cry1Ab+cry1C双价抗虫水稻对二化螟的抗性及其杀虫蛋白的时空表达,本研究采用离体水稻组织生测法系统评价了cry1Ab、cry1C、正交cry1Ab+cry1C和反交cry1C+cry1Ab 4种抗虫水稻品系对二化螟的杀虫效果,并用ELISA方法测定了Cry1Ab、Cry1C蛋白在各个抗虫水稻品系中的表达情况。结果显示,二化螟在不同生育期的4种转基因抗虫水稻上取食的叶面积显著低于非转基因对照亲本明恢63。4个转基因抗虫水稻品系在生长前期（苗期、分蘖和拔节期）对二化螟表现极高的杀虫效果,生长后期（孕穗期和成熟期）杀虫效果有所下降。两双价抗虫水稻杀虫效果最好,其次为转cry1Ab和cry1C水稻。Bt蛋白表达水平随着抗虫水稻生育期的变化而变化,且差异显著;Cry1Ab的蛋白表达量在水稻整个生长期均显著高于Cry1C。Cry1Ab蛋白在单价抗虫水稻叶片和茎杆中均表现出随生育期先升高后下降的趋势,但在双价抗虫水稻中表现出随生育期逐渐下降的趋势。Cry1C蛋白在单、双价抗虫水稻的叶片组织中均表现出逐渐升高的趋势。与单价抗虫水稻相比,双价抗虫水稻中的Cry1Ab、Cry1C的蛋白表达水平并没有表现出显著的降低。因此,双价抗虫水稻不仅能高效防治害虫,还能延缓害虫抗性,在生产上表现出良好的应用前景。该研究结果可望为转Bt基因抗虫作物的环境安全评价提供科学数据和理论依据。 相似文献
6.
亚洲玉米螟对Cry1Ab蛋白抗性的遗传规律与分子机理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
意义与目的亚洲玉米螟[Ostrinia furnaca-lis(Guene)]是长期为害玉米、高粱、谷子、棉花等作物的重要害虫。转BtCry1Ab基因抗虫玉米、棉花等在整个生育期其植株能表达Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白,为玉米螟的防治开辟了新的途径。室内汰选条件下亚洲玉米螟能对Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白产生抗性,这将严重威胁到转基因玉米、棉花等的可持续利用。研究亚洲玉米螟对Cry1Ab蛋白抗性的遗传规律与分子机理,对田间抗性监测、延缓抗性产生及抗性治理具有重要的理论和实际意义。材料与方法采自陕西省田间的亚洲玉米螟自然种群,在室内用无琼脂半人工饲料中加入一定量的… 相似文献
7.
根萤叶甲属(Diabrotica)被我国列为进境植物检疫性有害生物,该属中的玉米根萤叶甲(D.virgifera virgifera)、十一星根萤叶甲(D.undecimpunctata)、巴氏根萤叶甲(D.barberi)是北美的主要农业害虫。为了建立一种快速的分子鉴定方法以鉴定这3种根萤叶甲,本研究从田间采集的成虫样品中获得其部分mtDNA COI序列,与Gen Bank中的相关序列进行比对,设计筛选出3种根萤叶甲的特异性引物和TaqMan探针,并进行实时荧光PCR特异性和灵敏度检测。特异性检测结果表明,用目标种根萤叶甲DNA和其特异性探针和引物进行实时荧光PCR反应时,在30个循环反应内(Ct值30)有近S型扩增曲线出现,同时其他种均无荧光信号增长。此外,灵敏度结果显示,玉米根萤叶甲和巴氏根萤叶甲可检测的最小DNA模板浓度,即实时荧光PCR反应的灵敏度为0.1 ng/μL,十一星根萤叶甲为0.01 ng/μL。 相似文献
8.
国产Bt-Cry1Ab和Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米对草地贪夜蛾的抗性测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)是世界性重大农业害虫。种植转基因Bt作物是主要的防治手段之一。我们利用室内生物测定方法评价了国产Bt-Cry1Ab玉米(转化体C0030.3.5)和Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米(转化体DBN3601和DBN3608)对草地贪夜蛾1～4龄幼虫的毒力。结果显示,供试两种转基因玉米共6个品种皆可高效表达目标杀虫蛋白并对草地贪夜蛾具有很强的毒杀作用,对1龄幼虫的致死率达到59%～100%,存活幼虫的生长发育亦受到显著抑制。表明国内研发的Bt-Cry1Ab玉米和Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米对草地贪夜蛾具有良好的控制效果,其中Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米的防治效果显著优于Bt-Cry1Ab玉米,两种转基因玉米皆具有较好的商业化应用前景。 相似文献
9.
转Bt基因抗虫玉米(简称Bt玉米)作为玉米害虫综合治理的基本措施，自1996年在美国被批准商业化种植以来，已在许多国家广泛应用于农业生产，它的抗虫性和经济效益已得到普遍肯定，与此同时，Bt玉米对生态安全的影响也倍受关注。文章综述了Bt玉米在国内外的研究和应用现状、Bt玉米在害虫综合治理中的作用以及种植Bt玉米的生态风险及对策，包括对非目标昆虫及天敌昆虫的影响、害虫产生抗药性以及治理对策，为今后Bt玉米在我国商业化种植过程中正确评价Bt玉米的生态安全性、充分发挥Bt玉米在害虫综合治理中的重要作用莫定基础。 相似文献
10.
玉米根萤叶甲在欧洲和美国是一种严重为害玉米的入侵性害虫,传播速度快,侵入我国的可能性极高。本文针对其难以快速准确进行形态鉴别的问题,以玉米根萤叶甲为研究对象,以其他9种/生物型叶甲总科常见害虫为参照,采用基于COⅠ基因的种特异性PCR方法(species-specific COⅠ, SS-COⅠ),研究其快速分子检测鉴定技术。通过提取10种/生物型叶甲DNA和通用型引物扩增测序,获得其基因片段的碱基序列,并比对分析设计1对玉米根萤叶甲特异性引物(DvvZCE1/DvvZCF1),其扩增片段为462 bp。种特异性检验结果显示,该对引物只对玉米根萤叶甲的COⅠ基因具有扩增能力,对其他常见叶甲类害虫,包括玉米双斑长跗萤叶甲、榆黄毛萤叶甲、黄曲条跳甲、油菜蚤跳甲、黄点直缘跳甲、莲草直胸跳甲、枸杞负泥虫以及褐足角胸叶甲的棕黄型和蓝绿型没有扩增能力,该对引物不仅对成虫有很好的扩增效果,对单粒卵、2龄幼虫以及成虫残体(包括触角、头部、胸部、腹部、前足、后足)也具有同样的扩增效果,其最低检出阈值为102.73 pg/μL(相当于1/122 880头雌性成虫)。玉米根萤叶甲特异性SS-COⅠ检测技术在其口岸检疫,以及有效阻截中具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
Elane Fishilevich Ana M Vélez Nicholas P Storer Huarong Li Andrew J Bowling Murugesan Rangasamy Sarah E Worden Kenneth E Narva Blair D Siegfried 《Pest management science》2016,72(9):1652-1663
The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is the most important pest of corn in the US Corn Belt. Economic estimates indicate that costs of control and yield loss associated with WCR damage exceed $US 1 billion annually. Historically, corn rootworm management has been extremely difficult because of its ability to evolve resistance to both chemical insecticides and cultural control practices. Since 2003, the only novel commercialized developments in rootworm management have been transgenic plants expressing Bt insecticidal proteins. Four transgenic insecticidal proteins are currently registered for rootworm management, and field resistance to proteins from the Cry3 family highlights the importance of developing traits with new modes of action. One of the newest approaches for controlling rootworm pests involves RNA interference (RNAi). This review describes the current understanding of the RNAi mechanisms in WCR and the use of this technology for WCR management. Further, the review addresses ecological risk assessment of RNAi and insect resistance management of RNAi for corn rootworm. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
12.
H. K. Berger 《EPPO Bulletin》2001,31(3):411-414
The western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera is one of the most dangerous pests in maize in the USA. For many years, US growers have had to control this pest in maize fields by soil treatment or spraying. Ten years ago, this pest was also 'imported' into Europe. It was the job of the plant protection advisers and officials to inform endangered countries about the appearance of this pest, to develop control strategies for Europe and to establish research programmes to prevent further spread. This paper presents the history of this pest in Europe, its biology, the situation in 2001 and corn rootworm management scenarios for the future. 相似文献
13.
Benjamin Emmanuel O. Grabenweger Giselher Strasser Hermann Wesseler Justus 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2018,125(3):273-285
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Innovative biological pest control of the western corn rootworm (WCR) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and wireworms Agriotes spp. in maize and potato... 相似文献
14.
The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is the most important pest of maize in the Midwestern USA, and since its detection in 1992 in Europe, also in several countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Methods for managing this pest vary from region to region, depending upon: the different cultural practices in maize production, climatic conditions, soil types, pest behaviour, infestation level and socio-economic conditions. Factors including date of planting, amount of rotated or continuous maize, irrigation, date of rootworm hatching and differences in behaviour of the pest, necessitate developing different management strategies in different areas of the infested countries. Pest monitoring, damage evaluation, threshold development, use of insecticides, risk estimation and crop rotation are some of the starting points in the development of management strategies. Approaches and experiences in D. v. virgifera control and management in Italy, Hungary and the USA, based on the understanding of local agro-ecosystems and socio-economic conditions, are reported. 相似文献
15.
国内外在转 Bt基因抗虫作物的研究和应用上已取得重大进展 ,其中 Bt抗虫棉已在美国、澳大利亚、中国等进入商品化应用阶段 ,近年来种植面积增长很快 ,并取得了显著的经济、生态和社会效益。 1 997年下半年 ,我国农业部分别批准了孟山都公司申报的保铃棉○R在河北省商业化生产和 Bt玉米在我国多省份的田间种植。其中保铃棉 ○R已由河北省定名为新棉 33B,1 998年在全省实际种植了近 1 0万 hm2 ,1 999年的种植面积已达 1 5万 hm2 。我国自主研制的 Bt抗虫棉也于 1 998年开始商品化应用 ,当年种植面积即达 1 0万 hm2以上 ,1 999年推广总面积… 相似文献
16.
BACKGROUND: Genetically engineered maize producing insecticidal Cry3Bb1 protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is protected from root damage by corn rootworm larvae. An examination was made to establish whether western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) adults are affected by Cry3Bb1‐expressing maize (MON88017) when feeding on above‐ground tissue. RESULTS: In laboratory bioassays, adult D. v. virgifera were fed for 7 weeks with silk, leaves or pollen from Bt maize or the corresponding near‐isoline. Male, but not female, survival was reduced in the Bt‐leaf treatment compared with the control. Female weight was lower when fed Bt maize, and egg production was reduced in the Bt‐silk treatment. ELISA measurements demonstrated that beetles feeding on silk were exposed to higher Cry3Bb1 concentrations than beetles collected from Bt‐maize fields in the United States. In contrast to silk and pollen, feeding on leaves resulted in high mortality and low fecundity. Females feeding on pollen produced more eggs than on silk. C:N ratios indicated that silk does not provide enough nitrogen for optimal egg production. CONCLUSIONS: Direct effects of Cry3Bb1 on adult beetles could explain the observed effects, but varietal differences between Bt and control maize are also possible. The impact of Bt maize on adult populations, however, is likely to be limited. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
17.
为明确转cry1Ab基因玉米植株残体中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白在不同条件下的降解动态,选取转cry1Ab基因玉米MON810和Bt11,采用ELISA方法测定4种条件下秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的残留量。结果表明,在不同条件、不同取样时间,2种玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的残留量差异显著;整株秸秆中的Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白降解速度比粉碎后的慢;秸秆粉碎埋入土壤后播种冬小麦,玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白降解速度最快,且可完全降解;在不同条件下,MON810玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解速度比Bt11玉米慢,MON810和Bt11玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的DT50分别为10.2~207.8、13.6~124.0 d,DT90分别为185.1~368.3、45.2~224.0 d。研究表明,在不同条件下MON810和Bt11玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解速度不同,依次为秸秆粉碎后埋在土壤后种植冬小麦秸秆粉碎埋在玉米田土壤中秸秆粉碎后放在地表整株秸秆放在地表。 相似文献
18.
Since 1996, transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) cotton has been commercially grown in numerous countries in an effort to stem the losses caused by key lepidopteran pests. However, the development of pest resistance to Bt toxins has jeopardized the continued utilization of Bt cotton. As a strategy designed to circumvent the development of resistance, Bt cotton varieties expressing two or more toxins targeting the same pest have been introduced. Nevertheless, from the perspective of long-term planting of Bt cotton, the potential risk of cross-resistance to these Bt toxins is a threat that cannot be ignored. In this paper, we review current research(including that based on the analysis of protein binding sites and resistance genes) on the resistance of cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera) to the Bt toxins Cry1 Ac and Cry2 Ab and the interrelationship between these toxins. On the basis of existing evidence, we assume that the actions of Cry1 Ac and Cry2 Ab against cotton bollworm are not completely independent, and then propose the "resistance-associated gene mutation potential hypothesis". Although the mechanisms underlying the resistance of pests to Bt toxins are yet to be comprehensively elucidated, this hypothesis could undoubtedly have important implications for adopting "pyramid" strategy in the future. Further research is recommended to devise strategies to retard the development of H. armigera resistance to Bt cotton, either using different Bt toxins or their various combinations. 相似文献