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1.
This study evaluated the median lethal concentration values (LC50) and the histopathological effects of un‐ionized ammonia (NH3‐‐N) on juvenile maroon clownfish Premnas biaculeatus. After 96 h of exposure to different concentrations of ammonia, juveniles were sampled for histopathological evaluation. The 24 and 96 h LC50 values of NH3?‐N determined were 1.68 and 0.89 mg L?1 respectively. Maroon clownfish exposed to different ammonia concentrations displayed histopathological alterations in the gills, kidney, liver and brain. Gill tissue damage included lamellar hyperplasia, lamellar shorting and hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mucous cells. The kidney showed hyperanaemia, enlarged sinusoids within an apparently decreased amount of haematopoietic tissue, oedema on tubular cells and tubular necrosis, and an enlarged Bowman's capsule. The liver presented dilatation of hepatic sinusoids, fatty deposition in hepatocytes and Mallory bodies. Examination of the brain revealed a proliferation of glial cells, and the Virchow‐Robin space indicated a severe perivascular oedema and signs of neuronal suffering with satellitosis. The results of this study indicate that juvenile maroon clownfish are relatively sensitive to ammonia and particular attention must be given to this toxic compound in culture systems.  相似文献   

2.
为进一步了解氨氮对团头鲂幼鱼的毒性毒理影响,以体质量为(14.27±0.01)g的团头鲂幼鱼为研究对象,研究了氨氮胁迫对其鳃、肝、肾组织结构的影响。实验首先进行96h的氨氮胁迫,得出96h LC50,在此基础上,设置对照组(0.472 mg/L)和实验组(25 mg/L)两个氨氮浓度处理组,进行0、6、12、24、48h的氨氮胁迫,取样后剩余团头鲂幼鱼移入曝气自来水进行96h的毒后恢复实验。结果表明：96h LC50为56.492 mg/L;三种组织观察表明,氨氮胁迫6h,鳃丝毛细血管扩张,上皮组织增生;肝细胞肿胀,细胞核肿大,肝细胞空泡化;肾小球萎缩,肾小囊腔膨大,肾小管管腔缩小;胁迫12h,泌氯细胞增生,呼吸上皮细胞出现部分脱落;肝细胞水样变性、血窦扩张、细胞轮廓模糊,形成点状病灶;肾小管上皮细胞肿大、水样变性、浊肿;胁迫24h,鳃小片融合、变短,呼吸上皮细胞大面积脱落;肝细胞水样变性、血窦扩张严重,形成局部病灶;肾组织淋巴细胞浸润严重,充血,肾小球坏死,肾小管坏死;胁迫48h,鳃小片卷曲,上皮细胞部分脱落;肝细胞部分溶解、血窦扩张,形成点状病灶;肾小管上皮细胞坏死,肾小球坏死;96h恢复后,泌氯细胞和上皮组织增生严重;肝组织大面积细胞核肿大,血窦扩张;肾组织淋巴细胞浸润严重,肾小管坏死,肾小球坏死。实验表明,不同的器官之间病症的损伤程度是不同的,肝组织的损伤最严重,然后依次是鳃和肾。随着胁迫时间延长,鳃、肝和肾组织受到的损害增加,同时鱼体也产生防御反应,但96h的恢复期不足以让团头鲂幼鱼在胁迫中完全恢复,而恢复能力最差的是肾组织。  相似文献   

3.
生物学指标在评定养殖鲫肝脏脂肪蓄积程度中的作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了了解配合饲料养殖鲫肝脏中脂肪蓄积状况,以及肥满度、体质量/体长、脏体指数、肝体指数、肠系膜脂肪指数、肠道指数等6项生物学指标在评定养殖鲫肝脏脂肪蓄积程度中的作用,分别采用物理方法和索氏抽提法对30尾野生鲫和60尾配合饲料养殖鲫的生物学指标和肝脏脂肪含量进行了检测;采用HE染色法制作和观察了鲫肝脏组织切片;采用SPSS 19.0软件对生物学指标和肝脏脂肪含量的相关关系进行了统计分析.结果表明,养殖鲫的肥满度、体质量/体长、脏体指数、肝体指数、肠系膜脂肪指数、肠道指数、肝脏脂肪含量平均值均高于野生鲫;其中野生和养殖鲫肝脏脂肪含量平均值分别为2.11％±0.69％和19.49％±4.31％.肝脏组织学检查发现野生鲫肝细胞形态正常,肝细胞轮廓清晰,且沿肝细胞索有序排列,无脂肪空泡;养殖鲫的肝脏细胞形态大小不一,细胞核萎缩、溶解以及偏移细胞中央的现象比较严重,肝细胞轮廓不清,脂肪严重蓄积时可见明显脂肪空泡.养殖鲫的肥满度、体质量/体长、肠道指数均与肝脏脂肪含量之间无显著相关;但脏体指数(X1)、肝体指数(X2)、肠系膜脂肪指数(X3)均与肝脏脂肪含量(Y)存在显著中等正相关,多元线性回归方程为Y=8.085 +0.282X1+3.726 X2 +0.505X3(R =0.562,F=3.995,P=0.018).养殖鲫肝脏中脂肪蓄积现象严重,并且蓄积程度随脏体指数、肝体指数、肠系膜脂肪指数的增加而加重.  相似文献   

4.
斜带石斑鱼肝细胞分离及原代培养方法的建立   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
本研究以斜带石斑鱼肝细胞为实验对象,在不同培养条件下进行原代培养,旨在探讨稳定可靠的斜带石斑鱼肝细胞分离及原代培养方法。采用组织块分离法和胰蛋白酶(含EDTA)消化法分离肝细胞,并通过密度梯度离心法分离纯化肝细胞,细胞悬液于DMEM/F-12、M199和L-15培养液中培养;细胞活力及数量采用血球计数板计数,并通过MTT法测定细胞增殖率;同时,测定不同时间培养上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、白蛋白(ALB)和尿素氮(BUN)的含量,以分析肝细胞生长状态。结果表明,组织块方法不适于斜带石斑鱼肝细胞的培养,未见细胞从组织块中迁出,而胰蛋白酶消化法获得良好稳定的培养效果,细胞产量达到1.6×108个/g肝重,活细胞数达到95%;L-15培养基细胞生长明显优于DMEM/F-12和M199培养基;启动原代培养的48~72 h阶段肝细胞生长代谢旺盛,培养上清液中LDH活性显著降低,ALB和BUN含量显著升高。结果显示,0.25%的胰蛋白酶常温消化法适合斜带石斑鱼肝细胞的分离,斜带石斑鱼肝细胞原代培养的最适培养基为L-15培养基,肝细胞在启动原代培养的48~72 h生长代谢旺盛。  相似文献   

5.
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin that is cytotoxic to a wide variety of cells, particularly to the hepatocytes. In this study, the toxic effects of purified CYN were investigated in primary cultured hepatocytes of Neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus. After isolation, attachment, and recovery for 72 h, the cells were exposed for 72 h to 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 μg l?1 of CYN. Then, cell viability and a set of oxidative stress biomarker responses were determined. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutathione S-transferase activities were not affected by exposure to CYN. Concentration-dependent decrease of glutathione reductase activity occurred for most CYN-exposed groups, whereas non-protein thiol content increased only for the highest CYN concentration. Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA damage levels were not altered, but reactive oxygen species levels increased in the cells exposed to the highest concentration of CYN. Cell viability decreased in all the groups exposed to CYN. Thus, CYN may cause a slight change in redox balance, but it is not the main cause of cell death in H. malabaricus hepatocytes.  相似文献   

6.
Most water bodies in Brazil, and in the world, are contaminated by some types of pollutants, ranging from sewage to metal/chemicals, carcinogenic products, and biodegradable detergents. Despite the extensive knowledge on their effects on fish biology and especially on gill morphology, research that concerns their impacts on gill rakers and implications in parameters such as food consumption cannot be found in the literature. Gill rakers are vital because, together with gills, they are responsible for the defense and protection of the organism and for selecting appropriate food for survival. When detergents, which can act as toxic chemical agents, get in contact with the body of the fish, they can cause severe effects that must be understood. Therefore, our study investigated ultramorphological changes in gill rakers of Astyanax altiparanae (Lambeth) caused by the exposure to biodegradable detergents. Fish were exposed to a 1 mg/L dilution of a mixture of detergents and pure water from an artesian well for 5 months. Results revealed that the first month of exposure to detergent caused dilation of chemical receptors in taste buds and the rise of a large number of orifices for mucus release among pavement cells in gill rakers, although only a small amount of mucus was found in fish exposed both to pure water and the detergent dilution. After 5 months, there was an increase in the dilation of these chemoreceptors, excess mucus on gill rakers of detergent groups, and the emergence of microbridges between microridges in pavement cells.  相似文献   

7.
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of oregano oil as a growth promoter for the yellowtail tetra, Astyanax altiparanae. The fish (1.46 ± 0.09 g) were distributed into twenty‐four 60‐L aquaria at a stocking density of 0.5 fish/L. Six isonitrogenous (350 g crude protein/kg) and isocaloric (4272 kcal gross energy/kg) diets containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/kg of oregano oil were evaluated. At the end of 90 d there was a quadratic effect of oregano oil levels for weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and carcass weight, and the estimated values to maximize these variables were between 0.2 and 0.6 g/kg. There was also a quadratic effect on the feed conversion ratio, and the estimated value to improve this variable was 0.62 g/kg. A positive linear effect of the treatments was observed for muscle glycogen. With increased levels of oregano oil in the diet, there was a reduction in dry matter and ether extract and an increase in the protein content of the carcass. Thus, it can be concluded that oregano oil, at the level of 0.5 g/kg, acts as a growth promoter for A. altiparanae by improving growth performance and carcass composition.  相似文献   

8.
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9.
The Iwagaki oyster Crassostrea nippona may represent an aquaculture alternative to the Pacific oyster in Korea, Japan and China. In this study, morphology and immune-related functions of hemocytes of C. nippona were characterized using light microscopy and flow cytometry. Both light microscopy and flow cytometry indicated that C. nippona hemocytes are composed of three different types: granulocytes, hyalinocytes, and blast-like cells. Hyalinocytes were the most abundant and intermediate-sized cells, while granulocytes were the largest cells, containing many granules in the cytoplasm. Blast-like cells were characterized by a smaller size and very thin cytoplasm. Granulocytes were mainly engaged in phagocytosis and oxidative activities, although hyalinocytes also exhibited a certain level of immune-related activities. On the other hand, blast-like cells exhibited an absence of phagocytosis and extremely low oxidative capacity, suggesting that this subpopulation is not directly involved in cell-mediated immune response. The flow cytometry analyses carried out in the present study confirmed that granulocytes are the major hemocyte population involved in cellular defense of C. nippona, and allow for further studies on the impact of environmental stresses or pathogens on this alternative aquaculture species.  相似文献   

10.
Incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as biofunctional compounds with feed is an effective way for gonadal maturation without any hazardous effects on animal health, and thus it is possible to save the vulnerable species from the danger of extinction. In the present study sperm quality, level of Ca2+ concentration in serum, histological structure of the liver and developmental stages of ovary of an endangered fish species, Nandus nandus were investigated for the confirmation of the positive effects of PUFAs in reproduction and gonadal maturation. Fishes were collected from Brahmaputra River, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Treated group was fed 1 % squid extracted phospholipid supplemented diet that was mixed with silver carp fish muscle where as controlled group was fed the same except phospholipid. For histology of liver and gonads, samples were dehydrated, cleaned and infiltrated, embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned. After that, the samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The photomicrographs of the stained samples were taken by using light microscope. In comparison with the control group, treated group exhibited higher gonadal maturation which resulted in spontaneous spawning. Treated female demonstrated advanced gonadal developmental stages in comparison with the controlled female during different months. During spawning season, lipid granules and normal morphological alteration were observed in case of treated fish liver, whereas less lipid granules with more histological alteration of liver were observed in control group. Serum Ca2+ concentration in treated female was found significantly higher (P < 0.01) in contrast to the controlled female during the breeding season which was an indicator of the augment of estrogen secretion during ovarian maturation. Better sperm quality, early maturation of oocytes, less histological alteration of liver hepatocytes and spontaneous spawning performances of PUFA-treated fish were as a result of the efficiency of PUFAs in enhancing maturation. The experiment suggests that supplementation of dietary PUFAs improve the spawning performances of fish.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract. Severe melanotic liver and visceral fibroses in bluegill associated with infections of plerocercoids of Proteocephalus sp. and metacercariae of the digenean Posthodiplostomum minimum , were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. Fibrosis was most evident in bluegill carrying heavy worm burdens. Tubular and multilocular melanotic and non-melanotic cysts were formed of concentric layers of non-cellular eosinophilic connective tissue surrounding central spaces containing basophilic material. Moribund and deteriorating plerocercoids and metacercariae were surrounded by, and sometimes invested with, fibrous tissue. Living plerocercoids in the liver were surrounded by necrotic and compressed hepatocyte zones. Fibro-blasts, epithelioid cells and eosinophilic granulocytes were common in compressed cell zones. Intrahepatic fibrotic cysts were surrounded by granulomatous zones. Parenchyma in fibrotic livers showed increased numbers of macrophages, melano-macrophage centres and engorged blood vessels with thickened walls. Histochemical tests for lipofuscin and haemosiderin were strongly positive in melanotic liver tissue. Ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes adjacent to fibrotic cysts and epithelioid zones included intranuclear lipid and glycogen inclusions, chromatin alterations and mitochrondrial degeneration. Bile canaliculi, sinusoids and perisinusoidal spaces showed reduced micro villarsurfacesand a decrease in luminar diameter. Degenerating hepatocytes contained phagolysosomes and myelin bodies.  相似文献   

12.
In the present study, we investigated the mercury distribution, mercury bioaccumulation, and oxidative parameters in the Neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus after trophic exposure. Forty-three individuals were distributed into three groups (two exposed and one control) and trophically exposed to fourteen doses of methylmercury each 5 days, totalizing the doses of 1.05 μg g?1 (M1.05) and 10.5 μg g?1 (M10.5 group). Autometallography technique revealed the presence of mercury in the intestinal epithelia, hepatocytes, and renal tubule cells. Mercury distribution was dose-dependent in the three organs: intestine, liver, and kidney. Reduced glutathione concentration, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase significantly decreased in the liver of M1.05, but glutathione reductase increased and lipid peroxidation levels were not altered. In the M10.5, most biomarkers were not altered; only catalase activity decreased. Hepatic and muscle mercury bioaccumulation was dose-dependent, but was not influenced by fish sex. The mercury localization and bioaccumulation corroborates some histopathological findings in this fish species (previously verified by Mela et al. in Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 68:426–435, 2007). However, the results of redox biomarkers did not explain histopathological findings previously reported in M10.5. Thus, fish accommodation to the stressor may reestablish antioxidant status at the highest dose, but not avoid cell injury.  相似文献   

13.
The effects of clove oil anaesthetic on mitigating the physiological responses to air exposure, a stressful and routine situation in fish farming, laboratory conditions and sport fishing (catch and release), were evaluated in lambari (A. altiparanae). Adult females (n = 80) were randomly sorted to receive one of four treatments: control, anaesthesia (clove oil 50 mg/L), stress (5 min air exposure) and pre‐anaesthesia associated to stress. Their cortisol, glucose, lactate and haematocrit levels, the hepatosomatic index (HSI), liver and muscle glycogen, lipid peroxidation and the enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR), were recorded. Glucose levels increased (53.9%) after anaesthesia and/or stress. The stress situation increased plasma cortisol (146.6%), lactate (294.6%) and lipid peroxidation in white muscle (45%) and decreased glycogen in white muscle (40.1%). The haematocrit increased after stress or anaesthesia (7.9%) while the liver glycogen and HSI did not change. Anaesthesia or stress did not affect the LDH but reduced the activity of CAT (46.1%) and GR (30.3%). We concluded that the anaesthetic clove oil in the concentration 50 mg/L modulates the physiological responses to air exposure stress improving the welfare; air exposure and clove oil affect the antioxidant defences of lambari; the activity of CAT and GR and the concentration of MDA can be used as biomarkers of stress in A. altiparanae.  相似文献   

14.
Histopathological lesions due to third‐larval stage of nematode Brevimulticaecum sp. within the liver of a subpopulation of 31 Gymnotus inaequilabiatus from the Pantanal Region (Brazil) were studied with histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. In 93.5% of fish, livers harboured nematode larvae and the intensity of infection ranged from 8 to 293. In livers with highest number of larvae, the hepatic tissue was occupied primarily by the nematodes. Each larva was encircled by focal inflammatory granulomatous reaction. Within the thickness of the granuloma, three concentric layers were recognized: an inner layer of densely packed epithelioid cells, a middle layer of mast cells (MCs) entrapped in a thin fibroblast‐connective mesh and an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue with fibroblasts. Epithelioid cells and fibroblasts within the thickness of the granuloma wall were positive for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Moreover, several hepatocytes in infected liver were immunoreactive to PCNA. Occurrence of rodlet cells and MCs in parenchyma, in close proximity to the encysted nematode larvae and near the blood vessel of infected liver, was observed. Macrophage aggregates (MAs) were numerous within the granulomas and scattered in parenchyma of the infected liver. High quantity of haemosiderin was encountered in MAs and hepatocytes of infected liver.  相似文献   

15.
This paper reports an initial trial to cryopreserve semen from two freshwater South American fishes, the curimbatá (Prochilodus scrofa) and the dourado (Salminus maxillosus). Motility and duration of motility were observed in curimbatá and dourado fresh sperm. Semen mixed with extender (0.8% NaCl) was frozen using vials (1 ml) with subsequent storage in liquid nitrogen. Samples were thawed in 1% NaHCO3 or in 0.8% NaCl solutions. Post-thawing motility and duration of motility were verified. A simple extender consisting of 0.8% NaCl plus 10% DMSO was able to initiate motility in fresh spermatozoa. The percentage of motile cells and duration of motility were similar in both thawing solutions, but lower than in fresh sperm.  相似文献   

16.
Prochilodus lineatus (curimbatá), from the Procholodontidae family, is a Brazilian freshwater fish, which is important commercially, nutritionally and ecologically. It is encountered in the Rio da Prata Bay in Southern South America. Studies on the immune system of this fish are scarce, but the physiological mechanisms of the species are analogous to those of other vertebrates. Thus, this work discusses the present study, which correlates P. lineatus leukocytes and the generation of reactive oxygen species after modulatory stimuli. Leukocytes were characterized by light and electron transmission microscopy and investigated by the generation of H2O2 and O2 ?, using phenol red, flow-cytometry and electron transmission histochemistry. The study determined that monocytes and neutrophils are the main cells responsible for generating O2 after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxide dismutase successfully inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils and monocytes, but stimulated generation when in association with phorbol myristate acetate. Fish leukocyte samples from P. lineatus showed cross-reactivity with antibodies directed against human NADPH-oxidase antibody subunits (p47phox and p67phox). Thus, catalase enhanced the presence of p47phox. Neutrophil mitochondria were shown to be generators of H2O2 (charged by cerium precipitate), being enlarged and changing their format. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the respiratory burst pathways in this species and suggests mitochondria as the organelle responsible for generation of reactive oxygen species.  相似文献   

17.
High-fat diets may have favorable effects on growth and cost, but high-fat diets often induce excessive fat deposition, resulting in liver damage. This study aimed to identify the hepatoprotective of a Chinese herb (berberine) for blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Fish were fed with a normal diet (LFD, 5 % fat), high-fat diet (HFD, 15 % fat) or berberine-supplemented diets (BSD, 15 % fat with berberine 50 or 100 mg/kg level) for 8 weeks. After the feeding, histology, oxidative status and mitochondrial function of liver were assessed. The results showed that HFD caused fat accumulation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in hepatocytes of fish. Hepatocytes in HFD group appeared to be hypertrophied, with larger liver cells diameter than these of LFD group. Berberine-supplemented diets could attenuate oxidative stress and hepatocytes apoptosis. HFD induced the decreasing mitochondrial complexes activities and bulk density and surface area density. Berberine improved function of mitochondrial respiratory chain via increasing the complex activities. Moreover, the histological results showed that berberine has the potential to repair mitochondrial ultrastructural damage and elevate the density in cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that berberine has attenuated liver damage induced by the high fat mainly via the protection for mitochondria.  相似文献   

18.
急性氨氮胁迫对虎斑乌贼肝脏、鳃和脑组织结构的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了探讨氨氮对虎斑乌贼器官组织结构的影响,以体质量为(13.80±0.65)g的幼虎斑乌贼为对象,研究了氨氮胁迫对其肝脏、鳃和脑组织结构的影响。根据96 h的LC50实验结果设计5个梯度(0、1、3、6和12 mg/L)进行96 h的氨氮胁迫后,利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察其肝脏、鳃和脑组织结构。结果显示,在相同浓度的氨氮胁迫下,虎斑乌贼不同组织器官之间损伤程度存在差异,其中肝脏损伤的程度最大,对氨氮胁迫表现最敏感,其次是鳃组织和脑组织,组织器官损伤程度与氨氮浓度呈现正相关。氨氮胁迫浓度越大或胁迫时间越长,肉眼观察发现肝脏颜色越鲜红,肿胀和易糜烂程度越明显,可通过肉眼观察肝脏颜色和肿胀程度初步判断机体氨中毒程度;氨氮胁迫后,对肝脏和鳃组织造成较为严重的损伤,可能是虎斑乌贼氨中毒致死的原因。当氨氮高于或等于6 mg/L时胁迫96 h后,通过显微观察发现肝小叶轮廓模糊不完整、排列不紧密和胞浆疏松透明,大量的细胞核溶解,细胞出现空泡化,肝血窦扩张;通过电镜观察发现细胞核皱缩变形、核仁消失、线粒体嵴紊乱、线粒体空泡化、线粒体外室肿胀,高尔基体数量减少;显微观察发现鳃组织的泌氯细胞和上皮细胞核溶解,细胞出现空泡化、排列紊乱,鳃丝肿胀淤血、轮廓模糊不完整,并出现坏死脱落和缺损;通过透射电镜观察,发现细胞核皱缩、核膜破损和细胞核裂解,线粒体出现了皱缩变形、空泡化和不完整破损现象;观察脑组织的神经团和视叶,未发现脑组织的细胞有显著损伤。  相似文献   

19.
Τhe uptake and distribution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), isolated from Aeromonas salmonicida, was investigated in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L., and Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. LPS was radiolabelled by bromine oxidation and subsequent sodium borotritide reduction (3H-LPS), and fluorescence-labelled by introducing a fluorescein isothiocyanate derivative (FITC-LPS). After intravenous and intraperitoneal injections in cod, high amounts of radioactive LPS (3H-LPS) were present in heart, spleen and kidney throughout the experimental period (1–168 h). After peroral administration, a high amount of 3H-LPS was observed in intestinal tissues, whereas internal organs and tissues contained considerably lower amounts. Following intravenous administration of 3H-LPS in turbot, high contents of radioactivity were revealed in spleen, liver and kidney, whereas the content in heart was lower than in blood at the sampling times (1–24 h). The same pattern was observed after intraperitoneal administration. The spleen and liver contained high amounts of radioactivity when the turbots were intubated perorally with 3H-LPS. The spleen, kidney and heart were the main scavenging organs following intravenous administration of 3H-LPS in Atlantic halibut. A minor amount of radioactivity was present in the liver. The same pattern emerged after intraperitoneal injection in halibut. As observed for turbot, the spleen was the main accumulation site for 3H-LPS following peroral administration. Fluorescence microscopy of sections of organs and tissues from cod, intravenously and intraperitoneally injected with FITC-LPS, revealed that endocardial cells of both atrium and ventricle contained large amounts of the fluorochrome, whereas in turbot and halibut only atrial endothelial cells accumulated the substance. In all species, macrophages in kidney and spleen contained FITC-LPS and in the spleen the fluorochrome was trapped in the ellipsoidal walls. At later time points (e.g. 48 h) in the turbot spleen, FITC-LPS was located in cells adjacent to the ellipsoidal walls. Halibut endothelial cells that were located in the connective tissue of the intestine and gills also contained FITC-LPS. After peroral administration to the different fish species, specific fluorescence was found only in intestinal epithelial cells of halibut and in cells located in the lamina propria. Fluorescence was not detected in internal organs such as the kidney, spleen and liver after peroral administration of FITC-LPS. Gel chromatographic analysis of plasma samples from cod, turbot and halibut after intravenous and intraperitoneal injections showed that high molecular weight radioactivity was present. A minor amount of radioactivity that corresponded to low molecular weight substances was also observed. In conclusion, there is a high degree of variation with respect to the site of accumulation and some variation in the type of cells involved in the uptake of purified LPS in cod, turbot and halibut.  相似文献   

20.
In this study, we describe for the first time the details of the pituitary gland morphogenesis and the ontogeny of adenohypophyseal cells of a South American Characiform species with great importance for Brazilian Aquaculture, Salminus brasiliensis (Characiformes, Characidae), from hatching to 25 days after hatching (dah), by histochemical and immunocytochemical methods. The pituitary placode was first detected at hatching (0 dah), and the pituitary anlage became more defined at 0.5 dah. The neurohypophysis (NH) development started at 3 dah, and the early formation of its stalk at 12.5 dah. An increase in adenohypophyseal and NH tissues was also observed, and in juveniles at 25 dah, the pituitary displayed similar morphology to that found in adults of this species, displaying the main features of the teleost pituitary. PRL cells were detected at 0.5 dah, together with ACTH and α-MSH cells, followed by GH and SL cells at 1.5 dah. β-FSH cells were detected at 25 dah, while β-LH cells at 5 dah. The pituitary development in this species comprises a dynamic process similar to other teleosts. Our findings in S. brasiliensis corroborate the heterogeneity in the ontogeny of adenohypophyseal cells in teleosts and suggest a role for adenohypophyseal hormones in the early development of this species.  相似文献   

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