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1.
不同时间超声波处理对油菜种子萌发的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用培养皿纸上发芽法研究不同时间超声波处理对油菜种子萌发的影响,对种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和发芽持续时间进行测定,以探寻最佳的超声波处理时间促进种子萌发条件.结果表明,与未经预处理的种子作为对照,超声波处理10、20 min和30 min均促进了油菜种子的萌发,发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均显著升高.在油菜幼苗生长的过程中,与对照相比,油菜的幼根长和幼芽长均显著增加.超声波处理不同的时间对种子的发芽率和发芽指数有不同的影响效果,经40 kHz、1 000W超声波处理20 min,黔油18号油菜种子的萌发情况和幼苗生长情况最佳. 相似文献
2.
超声波促进黑皮冬瓜种子萌发 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
探讨了超声波对黑皮冬瓜种子萌发的影响.用超声波水浴对黑皮冬瓜种子进行5 min、15 min、30 min、60 min的处理,然后进行种子发芽试验.结果表明,超声波处理5 min的种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、发芽速率和发芽整齐度等种子发芽力和活力指标分别比对照提高了12.3%、54.0%、39.4%、30.8%和81.8%.超声波处理显著地促进了黑皮冬瓜种子的萌发,提高种子活力. 相似文献
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4.
理化处理促进冬瓜种子萌发 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
探讨了超声波和双氧水处理对冬瓜种子萌发的影响。冬瓜种子经不同时间的超声波水浴处理,结果表明,处理5min的种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和发芽速度等种子活力指标分别比对照提高了12.3%、54.0%、39.4%和30.8%。种子用不同浓度的双氧水处理,0.5%和1.0%的双氧水可显著促进冬瓜种子的萌发,提高种子活力。尤其是0.5%的双氧水处理效果最佳,种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和发芽速度分别比对照提高了14.8%、56.4%、48.8%和38.5%。 相似文献
5.
《种子》2018,(11)
刀叶金合欢种子种皮透性差,常规处理种子萌发率低。为获得更高的种子发芽率,采用浓硫酸6种不同拌种时间、4种不同水温处理种子,浸种24h后置床催芽进行比对。结果表明:1)刀叶金合欢种子的种子膨胀率、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数与浓硫酸拌种时间长短和浸种水温高低处理关系密切;2)水温是影响刀叶金合欢种子膨胀率、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数的主要因子,浸种处理水温越高,其种子膨胀率、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数越大;3)浓硫酸不同拌种时间对提高种子膨胀率、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数起重要作用,经浓硫酸不同拌种时间处理下的种子,其种子膨胀率、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数,均高于对照处理;4)浓硫酸拌种5min+100℃水温烫种处理,其种子膨胀率、发芽率、发芽指数分别为14.8%、76.4%和2.55%,在本试验中表现最好,种子发芽势则以浓硫酸拌种1min+100℃水温烫种处理最好,达到66.8%,以上与其它处理相同因子比较,差异性也达到显著水平(p0.01)。 相似文献
6.
以二色胡枝子2个种源和3个无性系为研究对象,研究了简易热水浸种和浓硫酸处理对遗传性能不同的二色胡技子种子萌发的影响,以探寻促进二色胡枝子种子萌发的技术方法.结果表明,不同类型的二色胡枝子种子千粒质量和硬实率存在明显差异,来自华北地区的二色胡枝子种子明显比来自美国的二色胡枝子种子的千粒质量大,硬实率低,其相应的未经过酸、热处理的种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数均好于美国种源的二色胡枝子.经过浓硫酸处理或热水处理,在种子的发芽率方面,2个种源之间存在显著性差异,但在种子发芽势、发芽指数方面,种源之间则差异不显著.尽管3个无性系之间在种子硬实率上也存在显著性差异,但在种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数方面则差异不显著.对供试的5种类型的二色胡枝子,普遍是浓硫酸处理20～30min、95℃热水烫后浸泡1d,种子萌发效果最好.二色胡枝子荚果果皮明显影响种子的萌发,种子用95℃热水烫后浸泡1d,带果皮的二色胡枝子的种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数明显低于不带果皮的种子,但发芽2周时的胚根长度则显著高于不带果皮的种子. 相似文献
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水浸与赤霉素处理对荆条种子萌发影响研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究了水浸时间(1、2、3d)及水浸处理后再进行0.8‰赤霉素(2、4、6h)综合处理的方法对提高荆条种子萌发的影响.结果表明:2种处理方式对荆条种子萌发均具有明显促进作用.水浸3d处理显著提高荆条种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,分别达到70.00％、65.33％和22.01,水浸1d效果不明显;水浸后再进行赤霉素处理对提高荆条种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数作用明显,尤以发芽率变化最显著,表达发芽活力的发芽势和发芽指数与单纯水浸处理相比变化不明显.综合处理中以水浸2d后赤霉素处理4h的荆条种子发芽效果最理想,发芽率达到最高值,为87.33％,且显著高于其他处理及单用赤霉素处理,发芽势达到64.67％,发芽指数达到20.00. 相似文献
9.
为了探索梓树种子萌发的最佳处理,提高种子萌发率,为生产实践提供科学指导,研究了赤霉素(GA3)、萘乙酸(NAA)2种不同植物激素及其不同浓度,以及浸种时间对湖北和辽宁2种源地梓树种子发芽特性的影响.结果表明:NAA抑制梓树种子发芽,但GA3对梓树发芽率的提高有促进作用.不同种源梓树种子的发芽特性有差异,湖北种源种子的发芽效果优于辽宁种源.50mg/L的GA3处理12h或36h,湖北种源地种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数最高,而辽宁种源最高发芽特性处理为300mg/L 36h. 相似文献
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11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献