共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 91 毫秒
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鮟属鱼类的渔业生物学与渔业的研究概况 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以世界上7种具有渔业价值的鮟属(Lophius)鱼类的相关研究为依据,从年龄鉴定、生长规律、繁殖习性和机制、早期生活史、摄食习性、洄游规律等方面,综述了鮟属鱼类的生物学研究进展;并对国内外鮟渔业资源利用和管理现状进行了归纳分析。旨在为研究中国东、黄海黄鮟(Lophius litulon)种群生物学特性及其资源合理利用策略提供借鉴;同时本文所阐述的研究方法学也可为其他深海和底层鱼类的生物学特性研究提供参考。 相似文献
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1978年，中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所从日本引进100尾斑点叉尾鲴鱼种进行试养。1984-1986年间，湖北省水产研究所先后两次从美国引进此鱼，并于引进后对此鱼的生物学、生态、繁殖生物学、繁殖与育苗技术、商品鱼养殖技术等进行了初步研究，并于1987年获得人繁技术的成功。 相似文献
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一、斑点叉尾的引种与试养1978年,中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所从日本引进100尾斑点叉尾鱼种进行试养。1984～1986年间,湖北省水产研究所先后两次从美国引进此鱼,并于引进后对此鱼的生物学、生态、繁殖生物学、繁殖与育苗技术、商品鱼养殖技术等进行了初步研究,并于1987年获得人繁技术的成功。其后,各地纷纷从湖北引种进 相似文献
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致病性弧菌致病机理研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
近年来国内外对弧菌的致病机理进行了广泛而深入的研究，取得了较大进展。从致病性弧菌的生物学性状、致病因子及其作用机理等方面进行了论述。 相似文献
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采用L25(56)正交试验法测定了不同pH(6、7、8、9、10)、温度(10、15、20、25、30℃)和盐度(15、20、25、30、35)对体质量为(71.2±8.5)g的单环刺螠肠蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶活力的影响,以及不同盐度对单环刺螠血液溶菌酶活力的影响。试验结果表明,单环刺螠肠消化酶活力的最适环境条件分别为,蛋白酶:pH 8、温度30℃、盐度35;淀粉酶:pH 9、温度25℃、盐度25;纤维素酶:pH6、温度30℃、盐度35;脂肪酶:pH 6、温度25℃、盐度30。盐度15和20两组单环刺螠血液溶菌酶活力均先降后升再降,而盐度30和35两组则先升后降。至处理第4d,各试验组溶菌酶活力依次为:盐度3025352015,盐度15和20两组溶菌酶活力显著低于盐度较高试验组(P0.05)。盐度25~35、pH 6~9为单环刺螠适宜的环境条件,高温(25~30℃)下其消化酶活力较高,而低盐度(15~20)下其消化酶活力和免疫能力明显降低。 相似文献
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Aquatic food security: insights into challenges and solutions from an analysis of interactions between fisheries,aquaculture, food safety,human health,fish and human welfare,economy and environment 
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下载免费PDF全文 Simon Jennings Grant D Stentiford Ana M Leocadio Keith R Jeffery Julian D Metcalfe Ioanna Katsiadaki Neil A Auchterlonie Stephen C Mangi John K Pinnegar Tim Ellis Edmund J Peeler Tiziana Luisetti Craig Baker‐Austin Mary Brown Thomas L Catchpole Fiona J Clyne Stephen R Dye Nathan J Edmonds Kieran Hyder Janette Lee David N Lees Owen C Morgan Carl M O'Brien Birgit Oidtmann Paulette E Posen Ana Ribeiro Santos Nick G H Taylor Andrew D Turner Bryony L Townhill David W Verner‐Jeffreys 《Fish and Fisheries》2016,17(4):893-938
Fisheries and aquaculture production, imports, exports and equitability of distribution determine the supply of aquatic food to people. Aquatic food security is achieved when a food supply is sufficient, safe, sustainable, shockproof and sound: sufficient, to meet needs and preferences of people; safe, to provide nutritional benefit while posing minimal health risks; sustainable, to provide food now and for future generations; shock‐proof, to provide resilience to shocks in production systems and supply chains; and sound, to meet legal and ethical standards for welfare of animals, people and environment. Here, we present an integrated assessment of these elements of the aquatic food system in the United Kingdom, a system linked to dynamic global networks of producers, processors and markets. Our assessment addresses sufficiency of supply from aquaculture, fisheries and trade; safety of supply given biological, chemical and radiation hazards; social, economic and environmental sustainability of production systems and supply chains; system resilience to social, economic and environmental shocks; welfare of fish, people and environment; and the authenticity of food. Conventionally, these aspects of the food system are not assessed collectively, so information supporting our assessment is widely dispersed. Our assessment reveals trade‐offs and challenges in the food system that are easily overlooked in sectoral analyses of fisheries, aquaculture, health, medicine, human and fish welfare, safety and environment. We highlight potential benefits of an integrated, systematic and ongoing process to assess security of the aquatic food system and to predict impacts of social, economic and environmental change on food supply and demand. 相似文献
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采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)和荧光定量-聚合酶链式反应(Q-PCR)技术分析高体重(high weight,HW)和低体重(low weight,LW)斑点叉尾(鮰)(Ietalurus punetaus)皮肤、鳃和胃肠道菌群多样性,为斑点叉尾(鮰)微生态研究及筛选斑点叉尾(鮰)源益生菌提供理论依据.结果显示,斑点叉尾(鮰)菌群丰富度由低到高依次为鳃、皮肤、前肠、后肠和胃.肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)和气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)是皮肤的优势菌群;肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)和肠球菌属(Enterococeus)是水体、鳃和胃的优势菌群;肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroidetes)、气单胞菌属Aeromonas)和酵母菌属(Saccharomyces)是肠道的优势菌群.HW斑点叉尾(鮰)鳃菌群的香农多样性指数、均匀度和丰富度及前肠菌群的丰富度显著高于LW斑点叉尾(鮰)(P＜0.05).皮肤的黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium),胃的肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae),前肠的拟杆菌属(Bacteroidetes)和双歧杆菌属(Bfidobacterium及后肠的拟杆菌属(Bacteroidetes)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)和酵母菌属(Saccharo-myces)的拷贝数分别是101 97、107.69、106.19、103.83、106.13、103.92和104 26,均显著高于LW斑点叉尾(鮰)(P＜0.05).结果表明,斑点叉尾(鮰)皮肤、鳃、胃肠道均形成独特的菌群结构,LW和HW斑点叉尾(鮰)菌群结构存在明显差异,HW斑点叉尾(鮰)菌群多样性增加. 相似文献
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Effect of dietary eucalyptol on stress markers,enzyme activities and immune indicators in serum and haematological characteristics of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to toxic concentration of ambient copper 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Seyyed Morteza Hoseini Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar Hien Van Doan 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(9):3045-3054
In the present study, protective effects of dietary eucalyptol were investigated against copper toxicity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fish were fed with diets supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5% and 1% eucalyptol for 14 days before exposure to 0.25 mg/L ambient copper for 7 days. Blood samples were taken from the fish before and 1, 3 and 7 days after copper challenge. Before copper challenge, eucalyptol significantly decrease serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, but increase blood WBC, RBC, hematocrit and haemoglobin, serum lysozyme, total immunoglobulin (Ig) compared with the control. Copper exposure led to stress, tissue damage and immunosuppression. After the copper challenge, significant elevation in serum cortisol, glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and AST, but decrease in blood RBC and WBC, and serum lysozyme, complement (ACH50) and total immunoglobulin (Ig) was observed. Eucalyptol administration significantly mitigated the increase in serum cortisol, glucose, ALT and AST, and decrease in WBC, ACH50, lysozyme and total Ig. Dietary 1% eucalyptol had significantly higher protective effects than 0.5% in the case of serum AST, lysozyme, total Ig and ACH50. In conclusion, eucalyptol has beneficial health effects on common carp and enables to mitigate copper‐induced stress, tissue damage, and immunosuppression. Eucalyptol at the dietary 1% level is recommended to protect common carp against adverse effects of copper toxicity. 相似文献
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An Analysis of Nearly One Billion Dollars of Aquaculture Grants Made by the US Federal Government from 1990 to 2015 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 David C. Love Irena Gorski Jillian P. Fry 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2017,48(5):689-710
The aquaculture industry relies on federal investments to stimulate aquaculture research and development (R&D). We conducted this study to track federal spending for aquaculture using a large database of 2957 US federal research grants awarded from 1990 to 2015. During that period, 1.04 billion US dollars (USD) were spent on aquaculture research, with 919 million USD from federal agencies and 123 million USD in matching funds. By comparison, over the same time frame, the US Department of Agriculture's R&D spending was 41 billion USD. Federal grant funding for aquaculture had a 37‐fold return on investment since 2000. Microalgae, oysters, salmon and trout, catfish, and shrimp received the most grant support, and the most common topics/disciplines were aquaculture production sciences, aquatic animal health and disease, genetics and breeding, and nutrition. Our findings can be used to identify research gaps and inform federal policy, grant making, and budget allocation. 相似文献
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目的:探讨川芎嗪和黄芪注射液对家兔急性心肌缺血血流动力学和心电图的影响。方法将2.5月龄家兔18只随机分成3组,设垂体后叶素对照组、川芎嗪组和黄芪组。分别在造模后5min、10min、15min、25min测定左心室收缩压、左心室舒张末压,左心室内压最大上升和最大下降速率;测定Ⅱ导联心电图(ECG)的T波、ST偏移、P-R间期、Q-T间期、心率等的变化。结果:CXz和MR组与PIt组比较,对家兔急性心肌缺血心电图T波抬高和ST段偏移均有极显著或显著抑制作用(P﹤0.01或P<0.05);25min后CXz组MR组均能抑制P-R、Q-T间期的延长、HR增加,但MR组在静脉注射后5~10min对P-R间期和Q-T间期有延长,HR有降低作用。CXz和MR组与PIt组比较对LVSPH和±dp/dtmax均有明显提高,对LVEDP均有降低作用,能够扩张冠状血管和改善心脏舒缩功能。结论川芎嗪和黄芪注射液对垂体后叶素所致家兔急性心肌缺血都具有一定的保护作用,但黄芪组和川芎嗪组对心血管的作用机制有所不同。 相似文献
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基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因序列比较分析养殖与野生银鲳群体遗传多样性 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
运用线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段序列比较分析了养殖与野生银鲳群体的遗传多样性。研究结果显示,线粒体D-loop区片段中,A、T、C与G4种核苷酸的平均含量分别为40.00%、30.55%、16.75%和12.70%,A+T的含量为70.55%,明显高于G+C的含量。COI基因片段中,A、T、C和G的平均含量分别为25.85%、33.90%、21.30%和18.85%,A+T的含量(59.75%)同样高于G+C的含量。基于D-loop序列分析所得出的两群体总的变异位点、单倍型数、单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性及平均核苷酸差异数分别为19、15、0.895、0.007和2.505。基于COI基因所得出的两群体总的变异位点、单倍型数、单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性及平均核苷酸差异数分别为33、17、0.713、0.004和2.239。基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段序列的研究结果均显示,养殖银鲳群体的遗传多样性低于野生群体的遗传多样性。养殖群体基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段分析得出的单倍型多样性分别为0.562与0.571,野生群体基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段分析得出的单倍型多样性分别... 相似文献
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The status of marine biodiversity in the Eastern Central Atlantic (West and Central Africa) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Beth A. Polidoro Gina M. Ralph Kyle Strongin Michael Harvey Kent E. Carpenter Rachel Arnold Jack R. Buchanan Khairdine Mohamed Abdallahi Camara Bruce B. Collette Mia T. Comeros‐Raynal Godefroy De Bruyne Ofer Gon Antony S. Harold Heather Harwell Percival A. Hulley Tomio Iwamoto Steen W. Knudsen Jean de Dieu Lewembe Christi Linardich Kenyon C. Lindeman Vanda Monteiro Thomas Munroe Francis K.E. Nunoo Caroline M. Pollock Stuart Poss Barry Russell Catherine Sayer Aboubacar Sidibe William Smith‐Vaniz Emilie Stump Mor Sylla Luis Tito De Morais Jean‐Christophe Vié Akanbi Williams 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(5):1021-1034
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Christopher T. Solomon Colin J. Dassow Carolyn M. Iwicki Olaf P. Jensen Stuart E. Jones Greg G. Sass Ashley Trudeau Brett T. van Poorten Dane Whittaker 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(5):973-991
Recreational fisheries are culturally and economically important around the world. Recent research emphasizes that understanding and managing these systems requires a social–ecological perspective. We systematically reviewed quantitative social–ecological models of marine and freshwater recreational fisheries to summarize their conceptualization of social, ecological, and social–ecological dynamics and identify research frontiers. From a candidate set of 626 studies published between 1975 and 2018, 49 met criteria for inclusion in our review. These studies, though diverse in terms of focal species and processes considered, were geographically limited to a few locations and ignored large regions of the globe where recreational fishing is important. There were also important gaps in the social and ecological processes that were included in published models. Reflecting on these patterns in the context of previous conceptual frameworks, we define five key frontiers for future work: 1) exploring the implications of social and behavioural processes like heuristics, social norms, and information sharing for angler decisions and fishery dynamics; 2) modelling governance with more realistic complexity; 3) incorporating ideas from resilience thinking and complex adaptive systems, including slow variables, destabilizing feedbacks, surprises and diversity; 4) considering key ideas in fisheries systems, including spatial and temporal effort dynamics, catch hyperstability, and stocking; and 5) thinking synthetically about the models that we use to describe social–ecological dynamics in recreational fisheries, via explicit comparisons and formal integration with data. Exploration of these frontiers, while remembering the distinction between model complexity and model usefulness, will improve our ability to understand and sustain recreational fisheries. 相似文献
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4种沉水植物断枝再生能力研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
比较研究了4种长江中下游湖泊常见的沉水植物(金鱼藻、伊乐藻、黑藻和穗花狐尾藻)断枝在投掷和扦插的移植方式下,生物量、株高、节数的变化及不定根和新芽形成的时间.结果表明,在试验期间,各种断枝均发生了明显的变化,除金鱼藻外,其他3种沉水植物均有不定根产生;除穗花狐尾藻外,其他3种沉水植物断枝均有新芽产生.投掷和扦插对金鱼藻断枝生物量、节数和新芽的产生无明显影响,对株高影响显著;对黑藻和伊乐藻断枝生物量、株高、节数、不定根和新芽的产生影响显著;对穗花狐尾藻断枝的生物量、株高影响显著,对节数影响不明显,而对不定根的产生有一定的影响.研究结果为退化水体的修复、恢复和重建提供了参考. 相似文献