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外来树种如果形成生物入侵,对生态系统会产生多方面影响,其中最严重的是对入侵地生物多样性和生态系统功能的影响.生物入侵造成的危害具有爆发性和长期性,且不可逆转.与其他种类的生物相比,外来树种的入侵具有很长的时滞,预测比较困难.我国引种的外来树种数量多,过去对外来树种的生物入侵研究很少,开展外来树种入侵性评价和生态风险评估,制定统一的技术规程和标准,确定各种外来树种的入侵性等级,对我国林业经济和生态环境建设具有重要价值和意义.我国在外来树种生物入侵方面的研究起步较晚,建立外来树种信息系统,加强信息交流与共享,制定外来树种入侵评价标准与风险评估体系,研究建立外来树种监测及生物入侵早期预警系统是未来的研究重点.正确处理林木引种与生物入侵的相互关系,对外来树种进行生物入侵风险评估,制定生物入侵防范战略,可以有效地防止生物入侵的发生.同时也要针对树木的生命周期长、具有重要利用价值的特点,避免夸大外来树种的生物入侵风险,更好地促进外来树种事业的发展. 相似文献
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目前外来入侵植物已对我国经济、社会造成了极大危害.本文根据国内外近十几年来入侵植物防治方面的研究进展,从预防和治理两个角度提出了一些防治措施,包括：（1）加强风险评估和预警;（2）加强生态系统的稳定性;（3）减少有意和无意引种造成生物入侵行为的发生;（4）拓宽对生物入侵方面的研究领域.治理措施包括：（1）加强对入侵植物的利用;（2）增强人工清除入侵植物的能力;（3）丰富生物治理的手段. 相似文献
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目前我国在入侵物种及贸易对策方面的研究主要集中在外来入侵物种与国际贸易的相互关系等层面, 在结合经济模型对采用的贸易对策经济后果进行分析预测方面仍属空白。文中通过分析生物入侵及国际贸易相关文献, 在概括介绍国内外控制外来入侵物种的贸易对策研究进展的同时, 提出应该借鉴国外研究成果, 增加通过关税、补贴、禁令等贸易措施控制外来入侵物种的相关研究, 结合相关贸易模型预测分析这些贸易对策可能产生的经济后果, 并建立专业、实用的生物入侵数据库以满足模型的数据需求, 为政府选择控制生物入侵的政策提供决策参考和依据。 相似文献
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植物引种与外来物种入侵的探讨 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
生物入侵正在成为影响我国生态系统的重要因素之一。外来生物入侵的问题 ,越来越受到全社会的关注。本文主要分析了我国外来入侵植物的现状 ,如外来入侵植物的主要种类、对我国生态环境的危害、主要传入途径以及监控措施。 相似文献
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指出了近年来生物入侵已经对入侵地的自然环境、生物多样性、经济发展以及人类健康造成了严重影响,成为了生态安全及生物多样性研究的热点。生物入侵过程因复杂而难以用某一入侵假说来解释入侵种的入侵机制。生物入侵成功的机制主要包括入侵种的生物学特性、入侵种与土著种间的相互作用、新栖息地的物种多样性和新栖息地的环境变化这几个方面。从入侵种与新栖息地土著种之间的相互作用方面综述了近年来有关生物入侵机制中种间相互作用的研究进展,并探讨了研究方法的发展和亟待解决的问题。 相似文献
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湿地是处于陆地与水域过渡地带的特殊自然综合体,在维持生态平衡、保持生物多样性等方面均起到重要作用,被誉为"地球之肾"."外来物种入侵"也称"生物入侵".美国人Elton于1958年率先提出"生物入侵"的概念,1982年,生物入侵问题才被人们广泛认知.湿地生态系统比较敏感、脆弱,在野生动物迁徙、规划建设、旅游活动等过程中... 相似文献
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<正>1新疆外来林业有害生物入侵现状1.1有害生物入侵形势生物入侵是指生物由原生存地经自然的或人为的途径侵入到另一个新环境,对入侵地的生物多样性、农林牧渔业生产以及人类健康造成经济损失或生态灾难的过程。外来入侵物种是指对生态系统、栖境、物种、人类健康带来威胁的外来种。外来入侵种包括植物、动物和微生物。据中国农业生物入侵研究室提供的数据,截至2015年底,确定入侵中国的外来有害生物达到580余种,其中危害严重的达200多种。国际自然保护联盟 相似文献
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浙江外来有害生物入侵预警体系构建研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过实地调查和前人的研究结果表明,浙江外来有害植物有32科95种,动物有15科19种,对浙江的生态环境、生物多样性和社会经济造成了严重的负面影响。提出建立和完善有害生物入侵预警体系的重要性及构建框架:加强行政管理职能,建立有效的管理机制;配备专项资金,保障生物入侵预警体系的运转;建立生物安全研究基础平台,适时掌握各类入侵有害生物的线索;开展入侵物种预测和风险评估体系,及时编制预警应急预案等。 相似文献
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辽阔的地域、多气候带的生态系统,使我国容易遭受入侵种的侵害,来自世界各地的大多数外来物种都可能在我国找到合适的栖息地。专家指出,目前我国几乎所有的生态系统,森林、水域、湿地、草地、畜牧业区和城市居民区等,都可见到外来物种入侵的现象。入侵的生物由于缺失本土的天敌,生境的平衡被打破而形成“疯长”的势态,形成单势群体,打压本土植物,侵占了大片领域,使其他物种逐渐减少灭绝。物种的丧失,打破了生态系统中的食物链,使那些与人类密切相关的、我们所需要的遗传资源也逐渐减少,造成生物多样性的缺失。据最新研究表明,在全世界濒危物种名录中的植物,大约有35%至46%是由外来生物入侵引起的,生物入侵已成为导致物种濒危和灭绝的第二位因素,仅次于生存环境的丧失。 相似文献
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INTRoDUCTIoNManyforestentcrpriscslnHeiIonaiiangForestRcgion,Chinaarefacingx`ithseriousproblemsoffi-nanceshortageandresourccrapidly'dccrcasingtoday.Highdemandoftimberandotl1erforestproductsintI1epastresultedinoverharvestingandi111proPerharvesting.Thishasbe… 相似文献
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湿地生态系统服务价值评价研究综述 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
生态系统服务价值评价逐渐成为近几年生态学研究的热点。生态系统服务价值评价结合了生态学、经济学、社会学、伦理学等学科的相关内容,部分或全部揭示了生态系统服务的经济价值。本文就国内外生态系统服务价值评价研究和湿地生态系统服务价值评价研究的进展情况分别进行了回顾和总结,指出了目前湿地生态系统服务价值评价存在的不足,提出今后湿地生态系统服务价值评价需要努力的方向。 相似文献
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Agroforestry for soil health 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Healthy soil is one of the most critical resources for the health and sustainability of ecosystems, including agroecosystems. Although the agroforestry community has long been convinced of the soil health benefits of agroforestry practices, many of such practices remain to be fully accepted by the mainstream agriculture community. Agroforestry, as a sustainable land management practice, has shown solid evidence of its role in improving soil quality and health based on at least four decades of data gathered from the world over. This thematic issue presents 28 papers that add further to the body of knowledge to reaffirm that agroforestry can improve the major measurable soil metrics that define soil health. Collectively, these papers show that agroforestry has the ability to (1) enrich soil organic carbon better than monocropping systems, (2) improve soil nutrient availability and soil fertility due to the presence of trees in the system, and (3) enhance soil microbial dynamics, which would positively influence soil health. It is imperative that agroforestry, as part of a multifunctional land-use strategy, should receive increased attention in our policy discussion for the future of soil and soil health. 相似文献
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Review of study on mineralization, saturation and cycle of Nitrogen in forest ecosystems 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
YANGJin-yan FANJing 《林业研究》2003,14(3):239-243
Nitrogen is one of the most important elements that can limit plant growth in forest ecosystems. Studies of nitrogen mineralization, nitrogen saturation and nitrogen cycle in forest ecosystems is very necessary for understanding the productivity of stand, nutrient cycle and turnover of nitrogen of forest ecosystems. Based on comparison and analysis of domestic and international academic references related to studies on nitrogen mineralization, nitrogen saturation and nitrogen cycle in recent 10 years, the current situation and development of the study on these aspects, and the problems existed in current researches were reviewed. At last, some advices were given for future researches. 相似文献
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《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3-4):337-364
Abstract Panama contains some of the most productive and diverse ecosystems in the world, and receives many benefits from the natural services provided by those ecosystems. Yet formal markets for ecosystem services in Panama are poorly developed. We assume that functioning markets for ecosystem services would partially counter development pressures on Panama's natural forests and ecosystems, and propose a suite of policy alternatives that could help develop such markets with the expectation that revenues would fund conservation and restoration efforts. These recommendations fall into five broad categories: (1) increase conservation of existing forests; (2) promote reforestation; (3) strengthen institutional capacity; (4) lower transaction costs; and (5) build the Panama brand for environmental services. A variety of fiscal, legal, organizational, and information-based approaches are recommended. In addition, we recommend convening a national Ecosystem Services Task-Force to organize diverse stakeholders and implement policy alternatives deemed most appropriate for advancing market development. We emphasize policy alternatives that are consonant with political and economic conditions in the country, that leverage outside funding, that recognize political feasibility, and that build upon existing legal and institutional frameworks. 相似文献
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The science of ecology is undergoing many important shifts in emphasis and perspective which have important implications for its role in designing sustainable farming systems. In particular, a shift has occurred from the equilibrium paradigm to one which recognises the dynamic, non-equilibrium nature of ecosystems. Allied to this is the recognition that ecosystems can occur in any one of a number of alternative stable states, depending on the disturbance and management history. An increased emphasis on spatial patchiness in ecosystems has also emerged as appropriate tools have emerged to analyse spatial mosaics. These features have led to a recognition that considerable uncertainty is associated with the outcome of any particular ecosystem modification; hence predictive capacity is also low. Recent considerations of the interrelation between biodiversity and ecosystem function have also explored the questions of how many species need to be in a system to fulfil certain functions and confer resilience. We identify a set of steps that are required for the development of an agricultural system based on mimicking natural ecosystems. Central to this is identifying (1) the functions which are currently suboptimal in the agricultural system, and (2) the species which have key functional roles in the natural system, and then reaching decisions as to the array of species needed to confer system function and resilience. 相似文献
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开创竹制乐器的新纪元 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
中国是世界上的产竹大国,它更是世界上竹乐文化的大国。我国是世界上最早利用竹材做乐器的国家,是竹乐器种类最多的国家,同时也是竹乐器使用方面最普及和最发达的国家之一。 相似文献