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1.
盐胁迫对油桃生理生化特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为分析不同油桃的耐盐特性,为后续的耐盐品种选育研究打下基础,以‘华光’油桃盆栽苗为试材,研究不同程度盐胁迫对植株茎生理指标的影响。试验发现0.4%盐胁迫下各指标与对照组无明显差异,0.8%盐胁迫中后期开始有一定影响,而1.2%盐胁迫初期时相关指标便有极明显差异,表明该盐环境为植株能够承受的极限。在此基础上,以‘中油桃4 号’、‘艳光’、‘华光’、‘千年红’、‘玫瑰红’5 个品种油桃盆栽苗为试验材料,分析了1.2%盐溶液胁迫下的生理指标变化,研究不同品种油桃的耐盐特性。结果表明：不同油桃品种在盐胁迫下的表现差异性很大,黄肉品种‘中油桃4 号’耐盐特性优于‘千年红’;白肉品种‘华光’耐盐性强于‘艳光’,‘玫瑰红’高于‘华光’;白肉品种耐盐特性整体上强于黄肉品种。 相似文献
2.
为了发掘和利用具有优良耐盐性状的草地早熟禾种质资源,对其14个品种种质资源苗期耐盐性进行初步研究。通过测定不同浓度NaCl胁迫下各品种的耐盐系数,利用主成份分析和隶属函数对草地早熟禾的耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明：在 0、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%和 1.2% NaCl胁迫下,筛出适宜草地早熟禾苗期耐盐性鉴定的NaCl浓度为0.6%;相对发芽率、相对活力指数、相对根系平均直径等8个指标与早熟禾耐盐性密切相关。经主成分分析得出,前3个主成分累积贡献率达84.263%,综合指标的权重依次为：0.616、0.216和0.168,根据综合评价Ｄ值,对草地早熟禾不同品种的耐盐性进行排名,得出：耐盐性较好的品种有‘蓝天鹅’、‘优异白’、‘蓝狐’、‘肯塔基’和‘优美’,有望成为滨海地区的优势种。 相似文献
3.
NaCl胁迫对15个紫花苜蓿品种种子萌发的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为研究盐胁迫对紫花苜蓿萌发的影响，本试验以不同浓度的NaCl盐浓度对15个紫花苜蓿品种进行萌发期的室内发芽鉴定，通过对不同盐浓度下种子发芽势、相对发芽势、发芽率、相对发芽率及根、茎、苗高等数据的比较分析，结果表明：在低浓度盐胁迫下（0.2%，0.4%，0.6%），多数品种（13个品种）都能保持较高的发芽能力（89%以上）；而当盐浓度达到0.8%时，各品种发芽能力有了较大差别。同时，开始出现畸形苗，是开展苜蓿萌发期耐盐（NaCl）鉴定时最适的起点浓度。耐盐能力越强的品种，畸形苗出现的比例越少。随着盐浓度的增大，毒害作用越大，很多已萌发植株的根失活，而苗越长的植株虽然根已失活，但个别苗会从根茎处发出新根，增加了紫花苜蓿种质资源的耐盐性。通过对以上指标的聚类分析，结果显示耐盐较强的品种有：‘岩石’、‘中苜1号’、‘陇东’、‘中苜3号’、‘DS310FY’。本试验的开展，为紫花苜蓿耐盐碱品种快速筛选及盐碱地区紫花苜蓿引种和培育较耐盐的紫花苜蓿新品种提供理论支持。 相似文献
4.
为研究NaCl胁迫对丁香‘瓷蓝’光合作用的影响,以‘瓷蓝’的一年生扦插苗为试材,对不同浓度NaCl胁迫下‘瓷蓝’的叶绿素含量、光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数等进行研究。结果表明:盐胁迫使得光合性能降低,并且随着盐浓度的增加,叶绿素含量、光化学猝灭系数(q P)、PSⅡ的实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)呈下降趋势。非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)呈先增加后下降趋势。光合速率下降的主要原因为气孔限制。‘瓷蓝’的耐盐范围在0.4%以下,在盐浓度低于0.4%时会通过提高非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)来抵抗胁迫造成的伤害,当盐浓度高于0.4%时其光合机构受损严重,产生严重光抑制。 相似文献
5.
为筛选出耐盐性较高的甜菜品种,营养液培养33份甜菜幼苗,并进行盐胁迫处理。通过比较这些材料处理组与对照组幼苗的根长、株高等指标,对甜菜种质资源苗期的耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明：（1）盐胁迫对甜菜幼苗根的影响最大,对SPAD值影响最小,对株高、植株鲜重和地上部鲜重3个指标影响一般。（2）最终将33个供试材料分为3类：第1类为耐盐材料,包括‘54338’、‘FLORES’、‘44581’等19个材料;第2类为敏盐材料,包括‘52212-1’、‘2928’、‘54303’等6个材料;第3类为耐盐性一般的材料,包括‘44176’、‘28010’、‘KUHN1387’等8个材料。研究结果可为甜菜的耐盐处理研究和耐盐育种提供材料基础。 相似文献
6.
盐胁迫对苜蓿种子发芽性状的影响及其耐盐性评价 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了阐明盐胁迫条件下紫花苜蓿种子的发芽性状表现和种子萌发期耐盐性能强弱,同时为改良盐碱化土壤提供更加耐盐碱的植物品种,提高盐碱化土地资源利用率,本试验以5个苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种为材料,采用不同浓度NaCl处理(0、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%),研究了不同盐浓度对苜蓿种子发芽率、发芽势、苗高、根长的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫对苜蓿种子发芽性状均有较大影响,随着NaCl浓度的提高,苜蓿种子发芽率和发芽势降低,苗长和根长明显缩短,而且,高质量浓度盐胁迫对苜蓿种子发芽性状的影响尤为显著。不同苜蓿品种在不同盐浓度间的差异显著;品种间各指标的表现不尽相同,发芽势与发芽率指标在品种间的差异显著,苗高和幼根长指标在品种间的差异不显著。综合单项指标耐盐系数和品种综合耐盐指数来看,5个苜蓿品种的耐盐性能强弱顺序为‘Magnum salt’>‘中苜1号’>‘维多利亚’>‘巨人201T’>‘皇冠’。 相似文献
7.
盐胁迫下小麦品种生理指标的变化规律 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究以不同品种在不同盐浓度下的生理指标的变化研究盐胁迫下小麦的耐盐性、筛选耐盐品种,选用本地区生产上常用的18个小麦品种为试验材料,用0 mmol/L NaCl和150 mmol/L NaCl处理小麦,测定小麦品种的脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量及细胞膜透性变化;结果表明：在盐溶液的胁迫下,不同品种的叶绿素含量、细胞膜透性及脯氨酸含量对NaCl胁迫的反应不同‘沧麦6005秃’、‘6005诱-1’、‘沧麦6005诱-2’、‘沧麦6005诱-3’四个品系的耐盐性较好,‘沧麦6005秃’、 ‘沧麦6005诱-1’耐盐性最好。可见盐处理后小麦叶绿素含量、细胞膜透性和脯氨酸含量的变化与其抗盐性密切相关,这将为研究小麦盐渍逆境下的小麦育种及鉴定提供理论依据。 相似文献
8.
水稻籼型不育系萌发期和幼苗期的耐盐性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了鉴定水稻籼型不育系在不同生育阶段的耐盐性,筛选出适合耐盐杂交水稻新组合测配的强耐盐不育系,笔者分别在萌发期、幼苗期对8个水稻籼型不育系进行耐盐性鉴定,以耐盐品种FL478、盐敏感品种IR29为对照。结果显示：盐胁迫对水稻种子的萌发起到抑制作用,抑制效应随盐浓度的提高而增强,10 g/L NaCl浓度胁迫能较好反映水稻不育系萌发期耐盐性的差异。‘沪旱7A’、Y58S在萌发期的耐盐性最好,与FL478均属于1级,具极强的耐盐性;‘荃9311A’的盐害级别为3级,具强耐盐性。盐胁迫对水稻幼苗的生长也起到明显的抑制作用,8 g/L NaCl浓度胁迫下的枯叶率性状能较好反映水稻不育系幼苗期耐盐性的差异,‘沪旱11A’与耐盐对照FL478耐盐性相仿。 相似文献
9.
不同水稻品系芽期耐盐性比较分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究不同水稻品系在芽期耐盐性,为今后培育耐盐品种提供优良种质资源,本研究以7个水稻品系为实验材料进行芽期耐盐试验,用不同浓度NaCl（盐浓度分别为0、0.125、0.15、0.2 mol/L）胁迫后,对水稻的发芽势、发芽率、根长、芽长、芽鲜重以及主根数目进行测定分析,并通过多元分析对各品种相关指标进行统计分析。试验结果表明：随着盐浓度的升高,不同水稻品系的各项指标均有不同程度的降低。其中,0.15 mol/L盐处理下,‘S83’,‘S85’号水稻品系表现出一定的耐盐性,‘S88’号水稻品系表现出较强的耐盐性。多元统计分析结果表明,在高盐胁迫下‘S88’号水稻品系具有较强的耐盐性。 相似文献
10.
《中国农学通报》2019,(29)
为了筛选出耐盐性的谷子品种,本试验选用了山西、陕西、河北等地的27个常用谷子品种的种子和幼苗进行处理,通过调查不同盐梯度下种子的发芽率,测得发芽相对盐害率;依据《谷子种质资源描述规范和数据标准》苗期耐盐性鉴定方法,测得苗期盐害指数。结果表明:不同谷子品种芽期在0 mmol/L和150 mmol/L盐胁迫下,差异很小,在200 mmol/L盐胁迫下,差异明显;在200 mmol/L NaCI溶液的环境下,‘张杂谷3号’达到3级耐盐标准,‘张杂谷DH3’达到5级耐盐标准。苗期耐盐性鉴定结果表明,‘张杂谷3号’达到3级耐盐标准、‘张杂谷DH3’达到7级耐盐标准。苗期出苗和生长结果表明,不同谷子品种在盐胁迫下随着盐浓度的提高,出苗率逐渐下降;随着盐浓度的提高,谷苗生长高度逐渐下降。个别不耐盐的谷子父母本,通过杂交获得的杂交种,耐盐能力得到显著增强。经以上结果分析,土壤盐度大于千分之三,不适宜谷子的正常生长,含盐量在千分之三以下的轻度盐碱地,是将来选育耐盐谷子品种的重点利用领域。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
13.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
14.
Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献
15.
B. Julier P. Guy C. Castillo-Acuna G. Caubel C. Ecalle M. Esquibet V. Furstoss C. Huyghe C. Lavaud A. Porcheron P. Pracros G. Raynal 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):241-250
Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality. 相似文献
16.
In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,... 相似文献
17.
[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat... 相似文献
18.
不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应. 相似文献
19.
Summary
Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids. 相似文献
20.
Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO2 compensation pointdistinguishing C3 and C4 plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO2 compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C3 rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T
CO2 compensation point
- T21
CO2 compensation point at 21% O2
- T2
CO2 compensation point at 2% O2
- dR/sR
deep Root-to-shoot Ratio
- LAR
Leaf Area Ratio
- CER
photosynthetic rate
- TR/SR
Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio 相似文献