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1.
Repeated transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in dogs   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Four litters of German Shorthaired Pointers from one owner developed a toxoplasmosis-like illness. According to the records, 29 of 39 dogs had hind limb paralysis. Six dogs from 2 litters were necropsied and had generalized encephalomyelitis. Tachyzoites and tissue cysts of Neospora caninum were found in the brain and spinal cord of each dog. Lesions were found in the eyes, extraocular muscles, or both in all of the dogs, and N caninum was detected microscopically in the eyes (retina and choroid in 1 dog), extraocular muscles, or both in 5 of the 6 dogs. Ocular lesions consisted of focal retinitis, choroiditis, mild nonspecific iridocyclitis, and myositis of extraocular muscles. Organisms stained with anti-N caninum serum, but not with anti-Toxoplasma gondii serum in an immunohistochemical test, except in 1 dog. In one dog, aged thick-walled N caninum tissue cysts reacted mildly with anti-T gondii serum.  相似文献   

2.
During the lambing season of 1983/1984, 8 of 44 purebred Hampshire ewes on a farm in Knoxville, Md had reproductive problems. In at least 4 of these ewes, the problem was attributed to toxoplasmosis. Necrosis and Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were found in placental specimens from 3 ewes. Agglutinating antibody to T gondii, at a titer of 1:80, was found in pleural fluids of both fetuses aborted from 1 ewe; this ewe had an antibody titer of 1:6,400 at the time of abortion. In another ewe, the diagnosis was confirmed by the isolation of T gondii from the placenta and 1 of her lambs. Of numerous free-roaming adult cats on the farm, 16 were trapped, euthanatized, and examined for T gondii. Agglutination antibody to T gondii, at titers of 1:4 to 1:64, was found in serum samples from all the cats. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the brain and skeletal muscles of 9 of the cats, and from the feces of 1 cat. Blood samples obtained from all 78 sheep on the farm 6 months after the episode of abortion were examined for antibody to T gondii. Agglutinating antibody titers to T gondii were less than 1:16 in 46 sheep, 1:16 in 16, 1:64 in 12, 1:256 in 2, 1:024 in 1, and 1:4,096 in 1. Analyses of serologic data in sheep of various age groups suggested that the Toxoplasma infection was acquired sporadically, probably from feed contaminated with oocysts.  相似文献   

3.
Specimens of tongues, esophagi, diaphragms, or abdominal muscles of 115 range goats from San Angelo, Tex, were examined for Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma gondii infections. Sarcocystis spp zoites were found microscopically in pepsin digests of muscles of 60.8% goats and sarcocysts of S capracanis were found in histologic sections of 27.8% goats. Sarcocysts were more common in sections of tongue (19.1%) than in those of other muscles (9.9% to 10.7%). A dog fed Sarcocystis-infected tissues shed sporocysts in feces, whereas 2 cats fed the same tissues did not shed sporocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was neither seen in histologic sections of goat tissues nor found by bioassays in mice or cats. Mice inoculated with pepsin digests of muscles did not develop T gondii infection and 2 cats fed goat tissues did not shed oocysts. Also, antibody to T gondii was not found in serum samples from goats. The low prevalence of T gondii infection in range goats may be because of the relative absence of domestic cats on Texas ranges.  相似文献   

4.
Each of thirteen 6-week-old pigs was inoculated per os with 10,000 sporulated oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii. By postinoculation day (PID) 13, pigs were seropositive by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Beginning on PID 13 and every 7 days thereafter through PID 97, 1 pig was killed and 6 tissues were examined for T gondii. Of the 13 pigs, 11 were infected, including the 1st pig killed on PID 13, although none of the pigs had gross lesions of toxoplasmosis. Tissues harboring T gondii most frequently were the heart and brain; organisms were detected less frequently in the longissimus muscles, diaphragm, and liver. Toxoplasma gondii was not detected in the bronchial lymph nodes. There was good correlation between antibody and presence of T gondii in these pigs. One additional pig, maintained as a noninfected control, remained seronegative and had no evidence of infection when killed on PID 97.  相似文献   

5.
Cats are the most important hosts in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infections in humans and animals. Serologic and parasitological prevalence of T. gondii were determined in 237 cats from 15 counties in S?o Paulo state, Brazil. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in a 1:25 dilution of serum of 84 (35.4%) out of 237 cats by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Samples of brain, heart, tongue, and limb muscles (total 50 g) of 71 of the seropositive cats were pooled for each cat, digested in pepsin and bioassayed in mice. Faeces (1 g) from the rectum of each cat were examined microscopically for T. gondii-like oocysts and verified by bioassay in mice; T. gondii oocysts were found in the faeces of three (1.3%) of 237 cats. T. gondii was isolated from tissue homogenates of 47 cats. The DNA obtained from these 47 tissue isolates was characterized using the SAG2 locus: 34 (72.4%) isolates were type I, 12 (25.5%) were type III and one (2.1%) was mixed with types I and III. No type II isolates were detected. Most (23/34) of the type I isolates killed all infected mice and 7 of 12 type III isolates did not kill infected mice. Characterization of the SAG2 locus directly from tissue homogenates from 37 of 46 cats was successful. Genotypes obtained from these primary samples were the same as those from the corresponding isolates obtained in mice. Genotyping of the three oocyst isolates revealed that two were type I and one was type III. Molecular and biologic characteristics of T. gondii isolates from animals from Brazil are different from those from other parts of the world.  相似文献   

6.
In a retrospective study of 15 cases of encephalomyelitis in dogs, three cases of Neospora caninum and two cases of Toxoplasma gondii infection were identified using immunohistochemical staining of central nervous system sections. All cases of neosporosis showed ataxia and progressive hind limb paralysis due to multifocal non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis which was most severe in the spinal cord and base of the brain stem. Neospora tissue cysts could not be distinguished morphologically from those of T. gondii using light microscopy, but electron microscopy confirmed their characteristic features. Although Neospora abortion in cattle has only recently been recognised in New Zealand, this study has shown that neosporosis has been present in dogs since at least 1972.  相似文献   

7.
Diagnosis and treatment of Neospora caninum infection in a dog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Neospora caninum, a protozoan organism, caused extensor rigidity of the pelvic limbs in a 12-week-old dog. Diagnosis was based on results of muscle biopsy, neuroelectrodiagnostics, serotesting, and cell culture. Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titer to N caninum was 1:800 at time of admission and 1:3,200 after 4 and 6 weeks. A reciprocal IFA titer of 50 to N caninum was also found in the CSF. Serotesting for T gondii was negative. Treatment with clindamycin followed by sulfadiazine and trimethoprim did not change the pelvic limb extensor rigidity, but other signs of minor neurologic dysfunction improved.  相似文献   

8.
An epizootic of toxoplasmosis among captive black-faced kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus melanops) is reported. Eight of 25 adult kangaroos had antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Serologic data indicated recent exposure to T. gondii in six kangaroos. Two kangaroos had high T. gondii antibody titers (greater than or equal to 16,384) in the modified agglutination test and their infants died when less than 7 months old. Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were found in several organs of one infant kangaroo (joey) that died at about 82 days of age and numerous cysts were seen in skeletal muscles of the other joey that died at about 7 months of age. Adult kangaroos had subclinical infections. The modified agglutination test and the dye test were more sensitive than the indirect hemagglutination and latex agglutination tests for the detection of T. gondii antibodies in kangaroo sera.  相似文献   

9.
Newly recognized fatal protozoan disease of dogs   总被引：46，自引：0，他引：46  
Histologic sections and case histories from 23 dogs with proven fatal toxoplasmosis-like illness at the Angell Memorial Animal Hospital were reviewed. Toxoplasma gondii was identified in 13 dogs. A newly identified parasite, Neospora caninum, structurally distinct from T gondii, was found in 10 dogs. The newly discovered organism, belonging to a new genus and new species, formed meronts in many tissues of the dogs, especially the brain and spinal cord. Neospora caninum was located directly in the host cell cytoplasm without a parasitophorous vacuole; it divided by endodyogeny, contained more than 11 rhoptries, and did not react with the anti-T gondii serum in the immunoperoxidase test. Meningoencephalomyelitis and myositis were the main lesions associated with N caninum. Ulcerative and fistulous dermatitis was the major lesion in 1 dog.  相似文献   

10.
Disseminated adenocarcinoma with ocular involvement in a cat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Disseminated adenocarcinoma was associated with unilateral uveitis and multiple subcutaneous nodules in an 8-year-old domestic shorthair cat. Erythroleukemia and hind limb paresis developed over a 5-month period. At necropsy, numerous sites of metastases were found that had histologic features similar to the neoplasm in the left eye. Neoplastic cells were identified in the lungs, mediastinum, muscles, subcutaneous tissues, lymph nodes, and vasculature associated with the meninges of the brain and spinal cord. Morphologic associations were not found between erythroleukemia and the neoplastic process.  相似文献   

11.
In September 2004, a neonatal sea otter pup was found alive on the beach in northern Monterey Bay, CA. Efforts to locate the mother were unsuccessful. Due to a poor prognosis for successful rehabilitation, the pup was euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed emaciation, systemic lymphadenopathy and a malformation of the left cerebral temporal lobe. On histopathology, free tachyzoites and tissue cysts compatible with Toxoplasma gondii were observed in the brain, heart, thymus, liver, lymph nodes and peri-umbilical adipose. The presence of T. gondii within host tissues was associated with lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and tissue necrosis. Immunofluorescent antibody tests using postmortem serum were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG (at 1:320 and 1:1280 serum dilution, respectively), but were negative for IgG directed against Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora caninum (<1:40 each). Brain immunohistochemistry revealed positive staining for tachyzoites and tissue cysts using antiserum raised to T. gondii, but not S. neurona or N. caninum. T. gondii parasite DNA was obtained from extracts of brain and muscle by PCR amplification using the diagnostic B1 locus. Restriction enzyme digestion followed by gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing confirmed the presence of Type X T. gondii, the strain identified in the majority of southern sea otter infections.  相似文献   

12.
Toxoplasma gondii infection was diagnosed in a full term stillborn reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) fetus. The fetus had encephalitis and placentitis associated with T. gondii. Tissue cysts were identified histologically in sections of brain and tachyzoites were present in placenta and the myocardium. Protozoa in the brain, heart, and placenta stained positively with T. gondii antibodies, but not with Neospora caninum antibodies in an immunohistochemical test. The dam of the fetus had a 1:12,800 titer to T. gondii in the modified agglutination test employing whole tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol. This is the first confirmed report of T. gondii infection in reindeer.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) as indicators of changes in pressor response for muscle afferents after topical application of menthol (MEN)-based analgesic balm. ANIMALS: 11 decerebrate cats. PROCEDURE: Pressor responses were reflexively evoked by static contraction of hind limb muscles, which are caused by group III and IV afferents. Responses were monitored without interference from anesthesia or effects of higher brain function by the use of decerebrate cats. After obtaining baseline data, MEN analgesic balm (1.9%) was applied to the skin over contracting muscles of 1 hind limb in 6 cats; petrolatum was applied to 5 control cats. Muscle contractions were evoked every 10 minutes, alternating between hind limbs, for 120 minutes. Peak MAP and HR were analyzed. RESULTS: Peak MAP responses evoked by static muscle contraction for the ipsilateral hind limb were significantly attenuated 20 minutes after application, but approached baseline values 40 minutes after application. The pressor response was significantly decreased 20 minutes after application during the last 12 seconds of the stimulus, which was attributed to group IV afferents. There were no significant differences in HR responses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Application of MEN analgesic balm to the skin over contracting muscles significantly decreased the pressor response to static muscle contractions. This suggests that topical application of MEN has effects on responses evoked from receptors located in muscles. The MEN analgesic balm appeared to attenuate the pressor response 20 minutes after application, but it was a short-term effect.  相似文献   

14.
A serological survey for antibodies against Neospora caninum in cattle, goats and farm dogs in Taiwan was carried out. Sera of 613 cattle from 25 dairy farms, 24 goats from six goat farms and 13 dogs from six dairy cattle farms were tested for antibodies against N. caninum using indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The same sera were also tested for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii using latex agglutination test. Of the 613 cattle sera, 44.9% (275/613) were found to have antibodies against N. caninum. Among these 275 positive cattle, 77 also possessed antibodies against T. gondii. Nevertheless, 92 cattle which were negative for N. caninum showed antibodies against T. gondii. Of the 24 goat sera tested, none was found to be positive for N. caninum but 50% (12/24) were positive for T. gondii. Of the 13 farm dogs tested, three were found to possess antibodies against N. caninum, two of which tested negative for T. gondii antibodies. Besides sera, antibodies to N. caninum in cattle could be observed in the milk, vaginal secretion and saliva. However, the order of higher frequency of antibodies detection is in sera, milk, vaginal secretion and saliva. This is the first demonstration of the presence of antibodies to N. caninum in vaginal secretion and saliva of cattle. A 50microm cyst was observed in the brain of one of the 13 prednisolone-treated SPF ICR mice which had been peritoneally inoculated 4 months earlier with the brain homogenate of a serologically N. caninum positive but T. gondii negative cattle. Thus, we have confirmed for the first time the presence of N. caninum in Taiwan and also observed that it is widespread among dairy cattle and farm dogs.  相似文献   

15.
In this report we describe the lesions produced by the protozoal organism, Toxoplasma gondii, in the eyes and brain of the common yellow canary (Serinus canaria). Nine of 15 birds in a flock were affected with blindness, which developed over a 3-mo span, and two birds developed torticollis. Microscopic alterations within the eye consisted of a nonsuppurative chorioretinitis with large numbers of macrophages that contained the tachyzoite form of T. gondii in the subretinal space, and aggregates of tachyzoites were found in the nerve fiber layer of the retina with and without necrosis. Tissue cysts with bradyzoites were scattered throughout the meninges and neuropil of the cerebrum and cerebellum. Both forms were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy in the eye and brain. Frozen brain samples reacted with T. gondii-specific cat sera in indirect fluorescent antibody tests. The source of infection was hypothesized to be from a stray cat the owner kept that had access to some of the bird feed. Treatment (trimethoprim 0.08 g/ml H2O and sulfadiazine 0.04 g/ml in water for 2 wk) was instituted by the referring veterinarian on the remaining birds. A second treatment regime was given for 3 wk. The owner of the canaries did not return for further treatment.  相似文献   

16.
Dual Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii infection was observed in a Northern sea otter from Washington, USA. The animal was found stranded, convulsed, and died shortly thereafter. Encephalitis caused by both S. neurona and T. gondii was demonstrated in histological sections of brain. Immunohistochemical examination of sections with S. neurona specific antisera demonstrated developmental stages that divided by endopolygeny and produced numerous merozoites. PCR of brain tissue from the sea otter using primer pairs JNB33/JNB54 resulted in amplification of a 1100 bp product. This PCR product was cut in to 884 and 216 bp products by Dra I but was not cut by Hinf I indicating that it was S. neurona [J. Parasitol. 85 (1999) 221]. No PCR product was detected in the brain of a sea otter which had no lesions of encephalitis. Examination of brain sections using T. gondii specific antisera demonstrated tachyzoites and tissue cysts of T. gondii. The lesions induced by T. gondii suggested that the sea otter was suffering from reactivated toxoplasmosis. T. gondii was isolated in mice inoculated with brain tissue. A cat that was fed infected mouse brain tissue excreted T. gondii oocysts which were infective for mice. This is apparently the first report of dual S. neurona and T. gondii in a marine mammal.  相似文献   

17.
To investigate the potential role of endogenous transplacental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii, 31 seropositive ewes presumed to be persistently infected with the parasite and 15 seronegative ewes were mated and monitored throughout pregnancy and lambing. Antibody titres were determined in precolostral sera from the liveborn lambs and in thoracic fluid from the dead lambs. A PCR for the B1 gene of T gondii was applied to the placentas from all the ewes and to the brains of the stillborn lambs. Samples of brain, lung, liver, spleen and heart from the dead lambs were examined by histopathology. No evidence of toxoplasmosis was detected by histopathology or PCR in any of the samples, but low titres of antibody to T gondii were detected in two liveborn, healthy offspring of a seropositive ewe by the immunofluorescent antibody test (3.2 per cent of pregnancies and 4.1 per cent of lambs in the seropositive group). Antibody to specific antigens of T gondii was demonstrated in sera from these two lambs by Western blotting.  相似文献   

18.
Neospora caninum was detected by means of PCR in the brain of 4 out of 20 aborted fetuses in a flock of 117 sheep exhibiting a persistent abortion problem, and N. caninum tissue cysts were furthermore found in encephalitic lesions in one of the PCR-positive fetuses. Toxoplasma gondii was detected as aborting agent in another 3 out of 20 fetuses. Antibodies to N. caninum (by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT)) were found in 10.3% of 117 ewes and antibodies for T. gondii were found in 97.4% of 117 ewes. Other organisms associated with abortion were Chlamydia psittaci in three fetuses and Pasteurella multocida in one fetus. This is the first report of N. caninum associated abortion in naturally infected sheep.  相似文献   

19.
The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in 86 street dogs from Sri Lanka was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and found in 58 (67.4%) of 86 dogs with titers of 1:20 in eight, 1:40 in four, 1:80 in 10, 1:160 in 22, 1:320 in six, 1:640 in five, and 1:1280 or higher in three. Hearts, tongues, and brains (either separately or pooled) of 50 dogs with MAT titers of 1:40 were selected for isolation of T. gondii by bioassays in mice. For bioassays, canine tissues were digested in pepsin and homogenates were inoculated subcutaneously into mice; the mice receiving canine tissues were examined for T. gondii infection. In all, T. gondii was isolated from 23 dogs. Interestingly, dog organs varied in their capacity to induce T. gondii infection in mice, muscles producing more positive results than the brain. The T. gondii isolates obtained from 23 seropositive dogs were PCR-RFLP genotyped using polymorphisms at 10 nuclear markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, a new SAG2, and an apicoplast marker Apico. Mixed infection with two genotypes was observed in one dog. Four genotypes were revealed, including three unique genotypes in addition to one belonging to the predominant Type III lineage. The 24 isolates were designated as TgDgSl 1-24.  相似文献   

20.
The seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii among apparently healthy individuals, mainly blood donors, in Thailand was investigated by an indirect fluorescent antibody technique and by a latex agglutination test, respectively. Of 163 serum samples examined, 9 (5.5%) were found to be positive for B. henselae-IgG, 2 (1.2%) for B. henselae-IgM, and 5 (3.1%) for the T. gondii antibody. No significant difference was observed between male and female samples in the serological test with either B. henselae or T. gondii. The age of individuals with B. henselae-IgG was distributed from the 20s to the 70s, and B. henselae-IgM was found in the individuals of the 30s and 60s. The age of T. gondii positive samples ranged from the 20s to the 60s. In this study, the prevalence of B. henselae infection among healthy individuals in Thailand was serologically demonstrated for the first time.  相似文献   

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