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The Yangtze vole (Microtus fortis Buechner, 1889) is a small herbivore species that inhabits lake beaches in the Dongting Lake region along the Yangtze River in Southern China. Its population shows strong oscillations during the wet season due to summer precipitation-induced immigration away from the lake into adjacent rice fields. The effect of El Niño-Southern Oscillation-driven precipitation on population abundance and growth of the vole species is not fully understood. We undertook an analysis of the combined data of 4 time series covering 1981–2006 from 4 different sites and a separate analysis on a single time series (1981–2006) from one site. Our results demonstrate that a dual effect of El Niño-Southern Oscillation-driven precipitation on the population abundance of voles is time-dependent: precipitation in the current year has a positive effect, whereas precipitation in the previous year has a negative effect. The dual effect of precipitation on vole population is well explained by the unique interactions among vole population, precipitation water level and the lake beach habitat around Dongting Lake. We found that drier than average weather of the previous year benefited voles because their breeding habitats, lake beaches, were exposed for long stretches of time. Wet weather was found to increase the number of voles inhabiting rice fields because as the water level of the lake rose they were forced from beaches into surrounding rice fields. Summer precipitation in the Dongting Lake region was found to be positively associated with the sea surface temperature (SST) of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean of the previous year and winter SST and spring SST of the current year. Annual rates of increase in the vole population of the reconstructed time series are negatively associated with the vole abundance and autumn precipitation of the previous year and winter precipitation of the current years. These results suggest that both extrinsic and density-dependent intrinsic factors may affect population dynamics of the Yangtze voles. 相似文献
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Habitat evaluation for outbreak of Yangtze voles (Microtus fortis) and management implications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Zhenggang XU Yunlin ZHAO Bo LI Meiwen ZHANG Guo SHEN Yong WANG 《Integrative zoology》2015,10(3):267-281
Rodent pests severely damage agricultural crops. Outbreak risk models of rodent pests often do not include sufficient information regarding geographic variation. Habitat plays an important role in rodent–pest outbreak risk, and more information about the relationship between habitat and crop protection is urgently needed. The goal of the present study was to provide an outbreak risk map for the Dongting Lake region and to understand the relationship between rodent–pest outbreak variation and habitat distribution. The main rodent pests in the Dongting Lake region are Yangtze voles (Microtus fortis). These pests cause massive damage in outbreak years, most notably in 2007. Habitat evaluation and ecological details were obtained by analyzing the correlation between habitat suitability and outbreak risk, as indicated by population density and historical events. For the source‐sink population, 96.18% of Yangtze vole disaster regions were covered by a 10‐km buffer zone of suitable habitat in 2007. Historical outbreak frequency and peak population density were significantly correlated with the proportion of land covered by suitable habitat (r = 0.68, P = 0.04 and r = 0.76, P = 0.03, respectively). The Yangtze vole population tends to migrate approximately 10 km in outbreak years. Here, we propose a practical method for habitat evaluation that can be used to create integrated pest management plans for rodent pests when combined with basic information on the biology, ecology and behavior of the target species. 相似文献
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东洞庭湖冬、夏两季湿地鸟类多样性比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2007年8月—2009年1月对东洞庭湖湿地鸟类资源进行调查,从物种丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀性指数、G-F指数等方面对比分析了冬夏两季鸟类的群落多样性。将物种数、多样性指数、均匀性指数作为基数,运用欧氏和最短距离法进行了聚类分析,结果表明:夏季树林灌丛和居民区生境鸟类群落结构十分相似,而水域和沼泽生境鸟类群落结构相似,冬季树林灌丛和芦苇、草滩沼泽生境鸟类群落结构十分相似,而水域和居民区生境鸟类群落结构相似。 相似文献
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Two brief(3½ days each) trapping surveys of the small mammal fauna in fynbos vegetation on the Rooiberg mountains were conducted at the beginning and end of the rodent breeding season in 1978. Four study areas were selected at different altitudes and in different vegetation types. A total of six rodent, three shrew and one small carnivore species were captured. Estimates of density and biomass are given and were found to be relatively high for fynbos communities at the end of the breeding season (March). Differences were found between the fauna inhabiting north-facing and south-facing slopes. 相似文献
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洞庭湖区生态系统服务功能价值分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
洞庭湖区有长江中下游地区最大的调蓄性湖泊(洞庭湖)和亚洲最大的内陆湿地,维系着长江流域中下游地区的生态安全,而且也影响着区域经济社会可持续发展。科学地评价洞庭湖区生态系统服务功能,对保护和修复洞庭湖湿地生态系统,协调经济发展和环境保护之间的关系具有重要意义。本文在获得大量数据的基础上,采用市场价值法、防护费用法、机会成本法、影子工程法、消费剩余、条件价值法,对洞庭湖区湿地生态系统18项服务功能价值进行评估。结果表明,2010年洞庭湖区服务功能总价值1733634×104元。其中,社会服务功能价值(895759×104元)>调节、支持功能价值(765662×104元)>供给功能价值(102213×104元),分别占服务总价值的51.67%,42.43%和5.90%。若以其产品可进入经济市场与否来划分,具有市场价格的服务的经济价值(985863×104元),没有进入市场交易的间接服务的生态价值(747771×104元),它们之间比约为1∶0.76。本研究结果可为环洞庭湖生态经济区的建设与开发的对策制定提供参考的依据。 相似文献
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G. H. Frank 《African Zoology》2013,48(2):211-221
The quantitative distribution of the macrofauna inhabiting soft substrata in the Swartkops estuary has been studied in relation to the prevailing abiotic and biotic factors. The most important factors limiting macrobenthic distribution appear to be substrate and competition between communities, while salinity plays only a small rôle. Four major communities have been recognized, each one dominating one reach of the estuary and a minor community dominating the silty heads of creeks. These communities are respectively a Callianassa community, an Upogebia community, a bivalve community and another Callianassa community as one proceeds from the mouth to the upper reaches. The creek community is dominated by four crustaceans and a goby. Biomass values have been recorded and related to the amounts of available food. The effects of floods on the fauna have also been monitored. 相似文献
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Bonginkosi C Gumbi Julie T Shapiro Themba Mahlaba Robert McCleery Duncan MacFadyen 《African Zoology》2018,53(1):23-29
Grazing by large mammals alters vegetation physiognomy, consequently changing habitat suitability for small mammal communities. We investigated the response of terrestrial small mammals to grazing by wild and domesticated ungulates at the boundary of a protected area (Telperion Nature Reserve) and surrounding cattle ranches in Mpumalanga, South Africa over two seasons. Fifteen paired grids were set on either side of the boundary fence at which small mammals were trapped in Sherman live traps placed flat on the ground. A total of 11 760 trap nights resulted in the capture of 187 animals belonging to 14 species (11 rodents, two shrews and one elephant shrew). The small mammal communities in grasslands grazed by domesticated or wild ungulates were similar in abundance, species richness, diversity and demographic parameters, likely due to the fact that vegetation structure of the two grazing systems was also similar. We used generalised linear models to show that rock and grass cover were plausible predictors of small mammal abundance in this system. Rock cover showed a positive relationship with small mammal abundance whilst grass cover showed a negative relationship. Our observations suggest that at the scale of our study and with the current stocking densities, wild and domesticated ungulates have similar impacts on the small mammal community. 相似文献
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内蒙古正镶白旗典型草原鼠类组成及数量变动的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
1987－1992年5～9月，每月中下旬作者在内蒙古正镶白旗天然草场和10000亩围栏草场上，利用直线法调查鼠的种类组成和密度，共调查16350个夹日，捕获鼠3486只，隶属3科6种；鼠类组成年度差异较大，1987和1988年围栏内外，布氏田鼠为优势种，在鼠类中所占比例均在90％以上，1988年之后该鼠显著减少，到1990、1992年每年仅能捕到1只。经过6年调查，鼠种组成发生了变化，由布氏田鼠为主的群落演替成以黑线毛足鼠和达乌尔黄鼠为主的群落；种群数量的季节和年度变化明显；文中就各种变动的原因进行了初步分析。 相似文献
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Charles J. KREBS Rudy BOONSTRA B. Scott GILBERT Alice J. KENNEY Stan BOUTIN 《Integrative zoology》2019,14(6):528-541
Long‐term monitoring is critical to determine the stability and sustainability of wildlife populations, and if change has occurred, why. We have followed population density changes in the small mammal community in the boreal forest of the southern Yukon for 46 years with density estimates by live trapping on 3–5 unmanipulated grids in spring and autumn. This community consists of 10 species and was responsible for 9% of the energy flow in the herbivore component of this ecosystem from 1986 to 1996, but this increased to 38% from 2003 to 2014. Small mammals, although small in size, are large in the transfer of energy from plants to predators and decomposers. Four species form the bulk of the biomass. There was a shift in the dominant species from the 1970s to the 2000s, with Myodes rutilus increasing in relative abundance by 22% and Peromyscus maniculatus decreasing by 22%. From 2007 to 2018, Myodes comprised 63% of the catch, Peromyscus 20%, and Microtus species 17%. Possible causes of these changes involve climate change, which is increasing primary production in this boreal forest, and an associated increase in the abundance of 3 rodent predators, marten (Martes americana), ermine (Mustela ermine) and coyotes (Canis latrans). Following and understanding these and potential future changes will require long‐term monitoring studies on a large scale to measure metapopulation dynamics. The small mammal community in northern Canada is being affected by climate change and cannot remain stable. Changes will be critically dependent on food–web interactions that are species‐specific. 相似文献
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Boyu LEI Zhenfei ZHENG Jifa CUI Jin ZHAO Chris NEWMAN Youbing ZHOU 《Integrative zoology》2023,18(4):647-660
Ecotourism, by definition, aims to engage peoples’ interest in wildlife and the environment. The use of tourist roads and trails to access sites within protected areas (PAs) can detrimentally affect the behavior and distribution of species. The way mammals respond to anthropogenic pressures may differ across taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic groups; nevertheless, how ecotourist trail-use affects these different diversity remains under-investigated. Here, we assessed 6 metrics of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity for a mammal community in a PA in central China, recording how Trail use (using Trail type as a proxy) and habitat variables affected sightings and signs of mammals across 60 replicate 0.5 km transects. We then examined how Trail use affected the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity indices of species (>1 kg). Using generalized liner mixed modeling, we identified that more used trail types had a greater adverse effect on all diversity richness indices than did less used trail types. Consequently, tourist pressure was associated with a general tendency to homogenize the site's mammal community. In contrast, the effects of Trail Types on all diversity evenness indices were non-significant. Furthermore, more developed and more heavily used trail types had a greater, significant negative effect on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic richness, whereas these richness indices were unaffected by minor trail types, used less intensively. As a general principle, lower biodiversity indices reduce ecosystem resilience, and so it is vital to better understand these responses to balance public access against biodiversity management in PAs. 相似文献
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We compared small mammal community composition among undisturbed habitats and habitats disturbed by military operations on Warren Grove Gunnery Range (WGR) in the New Jersey Pinelands. WGR is one of the largest tracts of protected land within this globally rare ecosystem. Disturbance in the form of fire, mowing, soil disruption and logging has had a large effect on small mammal occurrence and distribution. Of the 14 small mammal species that occur in the Pinelands, 9 live on WGR, including large populations of the southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi Baird, 1858) and meadow jumping mouse [Zapus hudsonius (Zimmermann, 1780)]. Simpson's Index of Diversity was 0 for most disturbed sites and was generally greater in wetlands than in uplands. White-footed mouse [Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818)] was the most common species on WGR and had a dominant effect on species diversity and community similarity indices. It dominated upland habitats and was the only species to occur in several disturbed habitats, whereas all 9 species occurred in wetlands. Principal components analysis indicated that most variation in species diversity was explained by disturbance and differences between upland and wetland habitats, due to presence of white-footed mice in disturbed and upland sites. Meadow jumping mice, southern bog lemmings and red-back voles [Myodes gapperi (Vigors, 1830)] were positively correlated with wetland habitats, and pine voles [Microtus pinetorum (Le Conte, 1830)], short-tail shrews [Blarina brevicauda (Say, 1823)] and eastern chipmunks [Tamias striatus (Linnaeus, 1758)] were associated with uplands. Habitat heterogeneity at WGR, including extensive undisturbed wetlands and uplands supported a rich diversity of small mammal species. 相似文献
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Bryan T. Hamilton Beverly L. Roeder Margaret A. Horner 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2019,72(1):13-22
Conifer encroachment in sagebrush ecosystems reduces habitat heterogeneity, niche space, and resource availability, all of which negatively affect many wildlife populations. Sagebrush restoration is recommended as a management action to mitigate conifer encroachment and restore wildlife across millions of hectares in the Great Basin. Despite this recommendation, the effects of conifer encroachment and sagebrush restoration are unknown for most wildlife species. Small nonvolant mammal communities include keystone species, consumers and prey; facilitate energy flow and ecological function; and provide important ecological goods and services. We assessed causal relationships between conifer encroachment and sagebrush restoration (conifer removal and seeding native plants) on small mammal communities over 11 yr using a Before-After-Control–Impact design. Sagebrush habitat supported an additional small mammal species, twice the biomass, and nearly three times higher densities than conifer-encroached habitat. Sagebrush restoration increased shrub cover, decreased tree cover, and density but failed to increase native herbaceous plant density. Restoration caused a large increase in the non-native, invasive annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.). Counter to prediction, small mammal diversity did not increase in response to sagebrush restoration, but restoration maintained small mammal density in the face of ongoing conifer encroachment. Piñon mice (Peromyscus truei), woodland specialists with highest densities in conifer-encroached habitat, were negatively affected by sagebrush restoration. Increasing cheatgrass due to sagebrush restoration may not negatively impact small mammal diversity, provided cheatgrass density and cover do not progress to a monoculture and native vegetation is maintained. The consequences of conifer encroachment, a long-term, slow-acting impact, far outweigh the impacts of sagebrush restoration, a short-term, high-intensity impact, on small mammal diversity. Given the ecological importance of small mammals, maintenance of small mammal density is a desirable outcome for sagebrush restoration. 相似文献
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In previous investigations on small mammals in Finland (Rislakki & al 1954, Rislakki & Salminen 1955, Salminen 1956), the Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae-frequency in rats (Rattus norvegicus) was rather high (43.1 %). Leptospira-positive cases were also found in house mice (L. sejroe 23.3 %), harvest mice (L. hataviae 9.0 %), yellow necked field mice (L. poi 12.5 %), common voles (L. sejroe and L. bataviae together 12.1 %), field voles (L. sejroe and L. bataviae together 10.7 %) and in common shrews (L. poi 1.2 %). Specimens of other species sent in for investigation (Norway rat, common red backed vole, large tooth backed vole, northern red backed vole, root vole, water vole, wood lemming, Laxmann''s shrew, lesser shrew and water shrew) gave negative results. 相似文献
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We assessed the diversity of rodent communities in the deserts of Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia using geographic information system technology. There are 66 species of rodents, belonging to eight faunistic complexes, inhabiting this area. We discuss the geographical changes occurring in taxonomic and zoogeographic diversity at both species and community levels. Communities of gerbils and jerboas dominate in the Turan Desert region (66% of the area). Steppe communities of susliks penetrate the deserts from the north. Farming in deserts causes the replacement of native rodent communities with mouse communities or completely eradicates rodents in their main habitats. 相似文献
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采用相关分析和RDA排序法分析了天山南坡中段库车山区新疆假龙胆适生地植物群落多样性特征及其环境影响因子。结果表明,在新疆假龙胆适生地植物群落的24个样地中,共记录到物种87种,隶属于20科54属;共有10种植物群落类型,其结构组成及物种多样性组成是不同的,分布较广的物种为菊科、禾本科、豆科和蔷薇科。各群落物种多样性指数中,Simpson指数最高,各样地间多样性指数测值变幅较大。群落物种多样性指数及种群数量特征与环境因子的相关性分析表明,群落物种Margalef丰富度指数显著受土壤全N、全P的影响;群落物种Simpson多样性指数显著受海拔、土壤总盐的影响;群落中新疆假龙胆的重要值及其种群数量受pH的显著影响;群落中新疆假龙胆种群高度显著受有效K、海拔和土壤总盐的影响。RDA分析表明,全N、全P、有效K、pH、海拔是影响群落物种多样性的主要环境因素。 相似文献
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Predation risk is one of the most important selective forces in nature and has significant effects on the behavior and physiology of prey individuals. Prey species have evolved several different traits to reduce and avoid this predation pressure. This research aimed to determine the behavioral and physiological responses of striped field mice to predator risk. In the present study, we compared the agonistic behavior in male and female striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius Pallas, 1771) of the same sexes under the odor derived from a male Himalayan weasel (Mustela sibirica). Dyads were subjected to 5 min staged encounters in neutral arenas once a week for 3 weeks during which agonistic and social behaviors were recorded and fecal hormone concentrations were determined using pre‐column derivatization and high performance liquid chromatography methods. Furthermore, we also tested the effects of weasel odor on the adrenal glands. The results showed that: (i) male striped field mice did not exhibit any change in body weight and physiological characteristics but their aggressive behavior changed over time, and (ii) females responded to predation risk by significantly decreasing body mass and through increases in fecal cortisol levels and adrenal gland indices. These data show significant sex differences in the body weight, adrenal gland indices and fecal cortisol levels of striped field mouse under predation risk. 相似文献
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John Visser 《African Zoology》2013,48(2):215-217
This study was conducted as part of the interdisciplinary biodiversity project BIOTA and describes small mammal communities on two differently managed farmlands (cattle and game farm) in Namibia over the course of one year. Species diversity, density and activity are discussed and compared to data on vegetation parameters, and on grazing and trampling effects by large herbivores. Small mammal abundance was related to vegetation cover on both farm areas. Species composition differed between the cattle and the game farm. These differences and the dominance structure are discussed in the view of different grazing techniques of cattle and wild ungulates. 相似文献
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Yan CHEN Dawei WANG Ning LI Xiangfa HU Fei REN Weili HAO Ying SONG Xiaohui LIU 《Integrative zoology》2019,14(5):435-445
Age structure and seasonality influence the population fluctuations of small rodents. Age determines body weight and social experience, while seasonality regulates the duration of the breeding season and onset of sexual maturity in newborn offspring. Therefore, reproductive success and skew usually occur in different age groups. Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) is a social, short‐lived and seasonal breeding small rodent with a dramatic seasonal population fluctuation, but reproductive skew is not fully understood in this species. In the present study, we determined kinship in semi‐natural enclosure populations using microsatellite markers based on genotyping, analyzed the reproductive skew between sexes and between overwintered and newborn voles, and monitored variation in male reproductive activity by testing fecal testosterone levels throughout the year. Overwintered voles had the most reproductive success along with a striking increase in the population size in the enclosures, with all biological fathers and 77.8% of biological mothers, which had 100% and 87% of the total offspring, respectively. Compared to overwintered voles, reproductive skews were significantly higher in potential overwintered and newborn parents, implying the possible reproductive suppression of newborn voles by dominant overwintered voles. Moreover, both heavier body weight and higher testosterone levels in overwintered males supported their potential social status in the population. Our study provided new evidence for reproductive skew and differentiation of postnatal gonadal development patterns of different age groups in Brandt's vole. 相似文献