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正据ITC(International Tea Committee)统计,2009年印度尼西亚是世界第七大茶叶生产国和第六大茶叶出口国。印度尼西亚茶树育种的进展集中于传统育种,主要方法是自然选种和杂交育种,印度尼西亚茶叶和金鸡纳研究所已培育出GMB系列11个优良的无性系国家品种,收集保存了约600份茶树资源。现将印度尼西亚茶产业概况、主要茶树品种、育 相似文献
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茶树遗传育种研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文从茶树育种材料创新、育种鉴定技术发展、育种目标变化、育种程序的改进、育种成果以及良种繁育与推广体系等方面综述了茶树遗传育种领域的研究进展,为进一步深入开展茶树遗传育种研究提供参考。茶树育种材料创新的手段仍然以杂交为主,理化诱变的应用日趋广泛,转基因技术有待进一步完善。高分辨率检测设备和基因鉴定技术的应用,结合计算机预测模型开发,使茶树品种早期鉴定的准确性得到提升。茶树育种目标经过了高产、优质、早生的阶段,发展到了满足多样化需求的时期。进一步提高早期鉴定准确度、缩短育种周期是茶树育种技术发展的目标。 相似文献
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日本茶树遗传育种研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文介绍了日本茶树遗传育种研究的发展过程。日本茶树育种的发展,主要得益于海外茶树品种资源的引进和利用,茶树育种的目标,早期注重红茶品种选育,随后以绿茶品种选育为主,进入８０年代后期,又侧重于多抗品种的培育,优良无性系茶树品种的推广,促进了茶叶产量的提高,同时加快了茶叶加工和茶园机械化的发展,提高了茶叶生产的效益。茶树品种音一化和遗传育种资源不足是日本茶树育种研究存在的主要问题,海外茶的品种资源的收 相似文献
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茶树新品种中茶102在信阳的适应性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
茶树品种区域试验是育种过程的一项重要程序,其目的是研究品种的适应性,明确品种适宜的推广范围,为茶树品种审定和良种推广提供科学依据.第二轮全国茶树品种区域试验于1997～2001年进行,河南省信阳市茶叶试验站作为全国6个区试点之一,承担了江北茶区的试验工作,鉴定各参试品种在长江以北地区的适应性、制茶品质、鲜叶产量、成活率等植物学性状和主要经济性状的表现.中茶102是中国农业科学院茶叶研究所从龙井群体种中采用单株育种法育成的茶树新品种,本文主要报告它在信阳地区的区域适应性研究结果. 相似文献
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正尼日利亚主产红茶,是非洲重要产茶国之一,茶叶种植区域集中于Mambilla高原。尼日利亚可可研究所现保存有24个无性系品种,均源自肯尼亚。1996年,尼日利亚国家品种发行委员会已正式释放了5个国家级茶树品种。尼日利亚的茶树育种技术主要进展集中在传统的育种方面,以自然选种和杂交育种为主。现将尼日利亚茶产业概况、茶树种质资源、育种技术、良种繁育与推广等方面内容简要介绍如下。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献
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Corné Kempenaar Thomas Been Johan Booij Frits van Evert Jean-Marie Michielsen Corné Kocks 《Potato Research》2017,60(3-4):295-305
Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献