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1.
Acquired myasthenia gravis and cholangiocellular carcinoma were diagnosed in a 7-year-old English Setter referred because of forelimb lameness, exercise-induced weakness, and fever. Three months earlier, the dog had had a pleuropulmonary infection caused by a Fusobacterium sp. The concurrent development of myasthenia gravis and cholangiocellular carcinoma in this dog may be explained by a paraneoplastic syndrome, although it is unproven. The cholangiocellular carcinoma may have possessed an acetylcholine receptor-like antigen on the tumor surface, which induced autoantibodies to cross-react with acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.  相似文献   

2.
A middle-aged golden retriever presenting with exercise intolerance and multifocal cutaneous nodules was diagnosed as having non-epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma with concurrent myasthenia gravis. Treatment with corticosteroids induced short-term remission of the lymphoma and alleviation of myasthenic signs.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether dogs with megaoesophagus due to myasthenia gravis display less oesophageal dilatation radiographically than dogs with other causes of megaoesophagus. METHODS: Thoracic radiographs of 66 dogs with megaoesophagus in which concurrent acetylcholine receptor antibody titre was known were analysed retrospectively. Maximum oesophageal diameter was transformed to a "relative oesophageal diameter" using a ratio with thoracic inlet diameter. Dogs were divided into two groups according to "MG" or "non-MG" antibody status and median relative oesophageal diameter values were compared between groups and with age, weight and sex. A receiver operating characteristic plot was used to evaluate a suitable relative oesophageal diameter cut-off. RESULTS: Twenty dogs were diagnosed with myasthenia gravis and 46 with other causes of megaoesophagus. Thoracic inlet size correlated significantly with bodyweight and surface area (r(2)=0.627 and 0.669, respectively). Median values of relative oesophageal diameter for the MG group and non-MG group were 0.58 and 0.66, respectively, and these showed a small, but significant, difference (P=0.029), although there was complete overlap in the range of relative oesophageal diameter values between groups. There was no significant association between relative oesophageal diameter and sex, age or weight or significant difference in age, sex or weight between the two groups. An increased odds ratio for myasthenia gravis existed in golden retrievers and German shepherd dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Relative oesophageal diameter appears to be of limited diagnostic utility in distinguishing dogs with megaoesophagus due to myasthenia gravis from those with megaoesophagus due to other causes.  相似文献   

4.
The purpose of this project was to investigate the clinical forms of acquired myasthenia gravis in dogs. The medical records from 25 dogs with seropositive acquired myasthenia gravis were reviewed, and the following data were recorded for each patient: signalment, history, clinical findings; results of IV edrophonium chloride administration, repetitive nerve stimulation, and presence or absence of muscle membrane staining by immunocytochemical methods; serum acetyl-choline receptor antibody concentration; treatment; and outcome. Several clinical forms of acquired myasthenia gravis were identified. Nine of the 25 patients (36%) had no historical or clinical evidence of appendicular muscle weakness, and were designated as focal myasthenics. These dogs exhibited focal weakness in one or more of the following muscle groups: facial {3 of 9), pharyngeal (3 of 9), and laryn-geal (3 of 9). The remaining 16 dogs (64%) exhibited appendicular muscle weakness. Four of these 16 dogs had acute onset and rapid development of clinical signs, and were designated as acute fulminating myasthenics. The remaining 12 dogs were classified as generalized myasthenics. All 4 dogs with acute fulminating myasthenia gravis had megaesophagus, 2 had facial muscle weakness, and 1 had pharyngeal muscle weakness. Ten of the 12 dogs with generalized myasthenia gravis had megaesophagus, 4 had facial muscle weakness, 4 had pharyngeal muscle weakness, and 3 had laryngeal muscle weakness. Historical or clinical evidence of exercise-associated appendicular weakness was found in only 6 of the 12 (50%) dogs with generalized myasthenia gravis, and in none of the dogs with acute fulminating myasthenia gravis. Seven of the 12 dogs with generalized myasthenia gravis had weakness primarily (n = 1) or exclusively (n = 6) of the pelvic limbs. Two of the 4 dogs with acute fulminating myasthenia gravis had primarily pelvic limb weakness. Twelve of the 25 dogs (48%) died or were euthanized shortly after admission to the hospital due to aspiration pneumonia. The dogs with acute fulminating myasthenia gravis had a markedly higher 1-year mortality rate in comparison with the other 2 groups. The use of immunosuppressive therapy had a significant positive effect on patient survival, regardless of the type of myasthenia gravis. This investigation demonstrates that acquired myasthenia gravis in dogs is a disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical forms, similar to the analagous disorder in people.  相似文献   

5.
Acquired canine myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies are directed against muscle postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Three adult great dane littermates were evaluated over a four month time period for an acute onset of generalised neuromuscular signs. All three dogs had elevated serum acetylcholine receptor antibody titres, which were considered diagnostic for acquired myasthenia gravis. Identification of three littermates with acquired myasthenia gravis in a breed with a low relative risk of developing the disease suggests a familial and possibly a genetic predisposition to myasthenia gravis in this family of dogs.  相似文献   

6.
Myasthenia gravis is a disorder of neuromuscular transmission that occurs in congenital and acquired autoimmune forms. Acquired myasthenia gravis is probably the most common neuromuscular disorder in dogs that can be diagnosed and treated. An early, accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy is of utmost importance to a good clinical outcome in this disorder. This article focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of acquired myasthenia gravis in dogs and cats with brief discussions of other disorders of neuromuscular transmission, including congenital myasthenia gravis, tick paralysis, botulism, and organophosphate intoxication.  相似文献   

7.
Three 8-week-old Miniature Smooth Haired Dachshund littermates were diagnosed with myasthenia gravis based on clinical signs, results of electrophysiological testing, and response to the short-acting anticholinesterase drug, edrophonium chloride. Congenital myasthenia gravis was confirmed by the demonstration of decreased acetylcholine-receptor density in external intercostal muscle in the absence of demonstrable serum antiacetylcholine receptor antibody or antibodies complexed to acetylcholine receptors in muscle biopsy samples. Unlike most previously reported cases of congenital myasthenia gravis that are relentlessly progressive, clinical signs resolved spontaneously by 6 months of age.  相似文献   

8.
Acquired myasthenia gravis is a common neuromuscular disorder resulting from autoantibody directed against the post-synaptic acetylcholine nicotinic receptors in skeletal muscle. Myasthenia gravis has been reported previously as a paraneoplastic syndrome. This case report presents myasthenia gravis secondary to an oral sarcoma in a juvenile Mastiffdog.  相似文献   

9.
Thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis was suspected in a cat with a cranial mediastinal mass. The dermatopathy resolved with surgical removal of a thymoma. The cat manifested neurologic signs consistent with myasthenia gravis 7 wk after surgery. Exfoliative dermatitis and post-thymectomy myasthenia gravis in the same cat has not been reported previously.  相似文献   

10.
A 7-year-old Saint Bernard developed muscular weakness 1 year after right forelimb amputation and adjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma. Clinical and laboratory findings supported a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, and the dog had clinical improvement in response to prednisone treatment. Two additional dogs with myasthenia gravis and osteogenic sarcoma were identified by review of the medical records of the University of California Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Findings indicated that myasthenia gravis or other neuromuscular transmission disorders may be associated with muscular weakness in dogs with osteogenic sarcoma.  相似文献   

11.
Acquired myasthenia gravis was diagnosed in a four-year-old castrated male Somali in which the presenting signs consisted of progressive lameness, weakness, generalised muscle tremors, an inability to blink and voice loss. Clinical testing with edrophonium chloride, electrophysiology, immunocytochemistry and serum immunological techniques confirmed the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis and proved its immune-mediated nature. Clinical remission was achieved following long term immunosuppression with corticosteroids.  相似文献   

12.
A case of juvenile onset myasthenia gravis is described in a Yorkshire Terrier x Jack Russell bitch in which there were serum autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors and reduction in the muscle's content of acetylcholine receptors. Approximately 25% of the receptors remaining were complexed with antibody. After 8 months of treatment with the anticholinesterase pyridostigmin, the animal made a complete recovery and the serum level of antibody decreased. The condition of this dog in many respects resembled acquired myasthenia gravis of adult onset and is contrasted with the seven cases of congenital myasthenia gravis which we have studied in the Jack Russell Terrier. In the congenital form of myasthenia gravis, reduction of acetylcholine receptors in muscle is found without any demonstrable autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors, either in serum or muscle.  相似文献   

13.
Two cases of myasthenia gravis associated with thymoma are reported. Both were female German shepherd dogs and the thymoma was surgically resected. Aspiration pneumonia secondary to persistent megaoesophagus was a complication in both cases. The myasthenia gravis did not resolve, but there was a more satisfactory control of clinical signs with anticholinesterase treatment. Corticosteroid therapy was used in one case, but the resulting polydipsia increased the incidence of regurgitation, resulting in recurrent episodes of aspiration pneumonia.  相似文献   

14.
Objective – To describe the use of IV and oral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as adjunctive therapy in 3 dogs with severe generalized myasthenia gravis.
Case Series Summary – Three dogs suffering from severe generalized myasthenia gravis as confirmed by acetylcholine antibody titers were treated with MMF as part of their treatment regimens. All 3 dogs had radiographic evidence of megaesophagus and suffered from severe regurgitation. Each dog was initially treated with pyridostigmine and supportive agents. When clinical remission was not achieved, IV MMF was administered to all dogs. Signs of clinical remission were apparent within 48 hours and all dogs were later maintained on oral MMF following resolution of regurgitation.
New or Unique Information Provided – This is the first report of the use of IV MMF as adjunctive treatment in dogs with severe generalized myasthenia gravis. Outcome was favorable in all 3 dogs and no adverse effects were noted from the MMF.  相似文献   

15.
A case of the autoimmune form of myasthenia gravis and a case of what is probably a congenital form of myasthenia gravis were diagnosed in 2 unrelated cats. Neuromuscular weakness exacerbated by exercise was a prominent feature in both cats. Weakness was eliminated temporarily by administration of anticholinesterase drugs. Serum autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors of skeletal muscle were present in the 1st cat and were not detected in the 2nd cat. A characteristic decrement in the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential during repetitive stimulation of the motor nerve was elicited in the 2nd cat. There was marked electromyographic improvement in response to anticholinesterase drugs. Electromyography was not performed in the 1st cat.  相似文献   

16.
The effect of anticholinesterase drugs on the clinical and electrophysiological features in a canine congenital myasthenic syndrome is compared with findings in acquired myasthenia gravis in dogs. Anticholinesterase treatment had no effect on muscle weakness or electrophysiological parameters in the congenital myasthenic syndrome in contrast to its effect on clinical signs and electrophysiological parameters in acquired myasthenia gravis. The lack of effect of anticholinesterase in congenital myasthenia suggests a presynaptic defect as the aetiological factor. No antibodies to acetylcholine receptors were found in the Danish dog breed Gammel Dansk Hønsehund with the myasthenic syndrome. This classifies the disease in the group of canine and human congenital myasthenic diseases.  相似文献   

17.
A 12‐year‐old female neutered ragdoll crossbred cat was presented for investigation of generalised weakness and regurgitation. The cat was being treated with transdermal methimazole for hyper‐thyroidism, which had been diagnosed 10 weeks previously. An acetylcholine receptor antibody titre was consistent with acquired myasthenia gravis. Withdrawal of methimazole and treatment with pyridostigmine was followed by resolution of clinical signs and reduction of the acetylcholine ‐receptor antibody titre. Medical control of hyperthyroidism was subsequently achieved with carbimazole, administered in conjunction with pyridostigmine, and no recurrence of clinical signs was observed. Myasthenia gravis is an uncommon but clinically significant adverse effect of methimazole therapy in cats, and may be caused by immunomodulatory properties of this drug. An adverse drug reaction should be considered in cats receiving methimazole that develop myasthenia gravis, and potentially also other immune‐mediated disorders.  相似文献   

18.
A 21-month-old, castrated male Vizsla was presented for pelvic limb weakness, difficulty opening his mouth, ptyalism, voice change, and urinary incontinence. Myasthenia gravis and masticatory myositis were diagnosed. The unusual clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and case outcome are described, followed by a brief discussion of myasthenia gravis and masticatory myositis.  相似文献   

19.
Decreased acetylcholine receptor content of the neuromuscular junction underlies the muscular weakness seen in both acquired and congenital myasthenia gravis. Immune mediated mechanisms account for the acquired defect while decreased membrane insertion of receptor leads to the congenital disorder. The congenital form typically presents in the first few weeks of life with generalised episodic weakness as the predominant sign. Although treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors may help temporarily, the prognosis is poor. Acquired myasthenia gravis can occur between eight months and 13 years of age and may present as megaoesophagus alone or as exercise-related weakness in conjunction with megaoesophagus. Although treatment of the immune mediated form is often successful and spontaneous remissions also occur, aspiration pneumonia secondary to megaoesophagus remains a major cause of mortality in affected dogs. Resolution of megaoesophagus must therefore be a major goal for future treatment regimes. The remarkable similarity between canine and human acquired myasthenia gravis suggests that the canine thymus gland warrants greater attention pathologically and perhaps therapeutically considering the value of thymectomy in human patients.  相似文献   

20.
Acquired myasthenia gravis was diagnosed in a five-year-old domestic shorthair, neutered, female cat with generalised muscle weakness, tremors, dysphagia and alterations in voice. Radiographs indicated the presence of a mass in the anterior thorax. A response to edrophonium chloride, and raised levels of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in the serum, confirmed the diagnosis and indicated an immune-mediated aetiology. Clinical remission occurred following thymectomy and the use of immunosuppressive corticosteroids. This is the first fully-documented case of acquired feline myasthenia gravis associated with the presence of a thymic abnormality in the United Kingdom. The clinical features, laboratory findings and response to treatment are compared with those reported previously in cats and other species.  相似文献   

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