共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 29 毫秒
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将体质量510~620 g的紫红笛鲷用间氨基苯甲酸乙酯甲磺酸盐麻醉后解剖,取出头肾、体肾、肝脏、脾脏,用干净的刀片居中横切、纵切,印片和涂片用Wright-Giemsa染液染色10 min,观察头肾、体肾、脾脏、肝脏4个组织印片以及外周血涂片。试验结果显示,头肾、体肾、脾脏是其造血器官。头肾能发育生成各类型血细胞,体肾能生成红细胞、淋巴细胞、粒细胞和单核细胞,脾脏能生成淋巴细胞。肝脏中未发现幼稚型血细胞。红细胞发育经过原红细胞、早幼红细胞、中幼红细胞、晚幼红细胞和红细胞5个阶段;原粒细胞发育至早幼粒细胞后,分化为嗜碱性中幼粒细胞、嗜酸性中幼粒细胞和中性中幼粒细胞,最后发育成嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞;淋巴细胞和单核细胞发育经过原始、幼稚和成熟3个阶段。血细胞在发育过程中,胞体逐渐变小,细胞核逐渐变小,染色质由疏松到致密;粒细胞中,颗粒由少到多。 相似文献
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Franklin B. Schwing 《Fisheries Oceanography》2023,32(1):28-69
Interdisciplinary data fuel fisheries oceanography research and the ecosystem-based approaches to management and sustainable development it informs. Underlying this is a distributed ocean observing framework that is integrated, interoperable, interactive, and accessible. In recognition of the 30th anniversary of Fisheries Oceanography the journal, this paper reviews the evolution of observing instruments and platforms used in contemporary fisheries oceanography the science. Illustrated with personal anecdotes, past efforts to create or adopt observing technologies, and examples of their use in research, this highlights the spectrum of instruments, systems, and programs used to survey and monitor ocean ecosystems. Modern ocean observing systems are complex and varied, reflecting the range and diversity of data required by fisheries oceanographers. These systems require a large and ongoing investment and an interdisciplinary community of scientists, engineers, and technicians to design, build, install, operate, and maintain them. Common themes emerge from a review of past successful instrument R&D and deployments. It is a highly collaborative, integrative, and iterative process. Most systems are the result of vision, planning, and perseverance, backed by careful calibration and intercomparison. Long-term support is essential; public–private partnerships that leverage funding, technology, and infrastructure are critical. Sustaining long time series for monitoring population and ecosystem change and to support fisheries oceanography research is a priority. Future areas of focus include continuously innovating and updating technologies, implementing a backbone of core observations, and maintaining a nimble infrastructure and R&D capacity to seize new opportunities and address emerging challenges. 相似文献
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Volatile and non-volatile compounds, which contribute to flavor in raw fish, were compared in raw, cooked and recooked silver
carp. In total, 20, 34 and 34 volatile compounds, including aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds,
were identified in raw, cooked and recooked samples, respectively. Cooking the samples resulted in a significant increase
in volatile compounds and the formation of new aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds. In addition,
the content of free amino acids (FAA) decreased dramatically, and the amount of nucleotides and small peptides significantly
changed. With recooking of the samples, the levels of most of the volatile compounds decreased significantly, and there was
a substantial change in nucleotides and small peptides. However, the effect of recooking on FAA was not observable. 相似文献
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Nguyen Phuc Cam Tu Nguyen Ngoc Ha Tokutaka Ikemoto Bui Cach Tuyen Shinsuke Tanabe Ichiro Takeuchi 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(1):109-119
ABSTRACT: Accumulation profiles of 22 trace elements in abdominal muscle, abdominal exoskeleton and the hepatopancreas of the giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii were analyzed. The giant river prawn is an indigenous freshwater species from South Vietnam, and is cultured commercially and fished in the wild. Samples were collected from Ho Chi Minh City and the surrounding area (SKEZ, South Key Economic Zone), and from the Mekong River Delta between 2003 and 2005. Highest accumulations of essential (Cu, Se and Mo) and toxic (As, Ag, Cd and Hg) elements were observed in hepatopancreatic tissue, except for Mn, Sr, Sn, Ba and V in the exoskeleton and Rb and Cs in muscle tissue. Spatial differences showed concentrations of Cs and Pb in muscle and Sr in exoskeletons from the SKEZ were higher than those from the Mekong River Delta. The opposite trend was observed for Cr, Se and Sb in muscle, Mo, Sb and Tl in exoskeleton, and Se, Hg, Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl and Bi in the hepatopancreas. These differences in trace element concentrations in prawns likely reflect differences in industrialization and human activities between the two regions of South Vietnam. 相似文献
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本研究旨在观察大鲵在大鲵蛙病毒(Chinese giant salamander ranavirus,CGSRV)感染过程中组织的动态病理损伤,同时定量检测CGSRV在组织中的动态分布。对大鲵腹腔注射1.0×106.5 TCID50/m L的CGSRV进行人工感染,在感染的0d,3d,5d,7d,9d,13d,16d随机采集3尾,取肝、肾、脾、肺、肠、皮肤、肌肉、脑、心脏和胃等组织,石蜡切片和HE染色对CGSRV感染大鲵的病理损伤过程进行观察,采用SYBR Green q PCR技术对病毒在组织中的动态分布进行定量研究。组织病理结果表明,CGSRV感染导致大鲵多组织器官损伤,其中肝、脾、肾和皮肤肌肉病变严重,为损伤靶器官,且在一些损伤的细胞内见嗜碱性或嗜酸性包涵体。感染后3d肝细胞与肾小管上皮细胞变性,肾间以及肝小叶中央静脉周围淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润;感染后5~7d实质性器官变性、坏死,炎症加重,胃肠道呈卡他性炎。感染后9d表皮细胞坏死、脱落,肌纤维变性、坏死。感染后13~16d肝出现广泛变性、坏死与炎症,脾淋巴细胞数量显著减少,肾小球渗出性-坏死性炎,皮肤肌肉呈出血性坏死性炎和实质性心肌炎。SYBR Green qPCR结果显示,整个感染进程中各组织CGSRV含量呈上升趋势,不同组织中病毒量为2.36×103~1.84×109 copy/mg组织,其中肺、肠、肝、脾、肾和皮肤肌肉含量高,表明CGSRV具有广泛的组织分布特征,但肝、脾、肾、皮肤肌肉为其复制和损伤的靶器官,且病毒分布量与病理损伤程度呈正相关。 相似文献
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哲罗鱼和大麻哈鱼消化系统的比较解剖分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
解剖观察了哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)和大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum)的消化系统,描述了与摄食有关的齿、舌、鳃耙、胃、幽门盲囊、肝、胰脏、胆囊的形态特征;测量了体长、头长、吻长、口裂宽、口腔长,食道长、胃长、肠长、消化道长;计算了有关比值。结果表明:这二种鲑科鱼类的消化道具有典型的肉食性鱼类的特点,口裂较大,口咽腔长/头长为0.62～0.71,肠较短,肠长/体长为0.69,食道、胃、肠壁内突形成明显的粘膜皱褶。具有独立而发达的肝脏和胰腺。文中讨论了消化道分段及摄食习性与消化系统形态结构特点之间的关系。 相似文献
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基于电子鼻与HS-SPME-GC-MS技术分析不同处理方式腌干带鱼挥发性风味成分 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
为探究不同生产工艺对腌干带鱼挥发性风味物质的影响,实验采用电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取—气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对新鲜带鱼、传统和发酵腌干带鱼的风味物质进行定性定量分析。结果显示,电子鼻能对不同处理方式腌干带鱼的挥发性风味成分进行有效区分,第一主成分贡献率为96.44%,第二主成分贡献率为2.60%。采用HS-SPME-GC-MS法在新鲜带鱼、传统腌干带鱼和发酵腌干带鱼中分别检测出27、45和56种挥发性物质,醛类、醇类和酮类是构成腌干带鱼挥发性风味差异的主要化合物。研究表明,鱼肉的特征风味物质包括己醛、苯甲醛、辛醛、(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、己醇、3-甲基丁醇、3-羟基-2-丁酮和三甲胺等。新鲜带鱼以鱼腥味和水果香味为主,传统腌干带鱼以脂肪味、蘑菇—泥土味和水果香味为主,而发酵腌干带鱼的奶油味、青草—脂肪味和水果香味更加浓郁,味觉分布更加均匀。 相似文献
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腺苷三磷酸结合盒转运蛋白(ATP binding cassette transporter,ABC transporter)家族是最古老的膜蛋白家族之一，广泛存在于原核生物和真核生物体内，利用ATP水解释放的能量对氨基酸、脂质、抗生素等物质进行跨膜运输，参与生物体内多种生理活动。目前，对软体动物ABC转运蛋白家族的鉴定，仅在虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)、栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas) 3种双壳类中有系统研究，对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta) ABC转运蛋白家族的鉴定和表达模式分析尚未见报道。利用缢蛏基因组和转录组数据，运用本地及NCBI在线BLAST程序、FGENESH+、SMART、Ex PASy、MEGA X、Mev 4.90和MapInspect等生物信息学分析工具，在全基因组水平系统地鉴定出52个缢蛏ABC转运蛋白，并对转运蛋白基因外显子数目、染色体定位等信息进行分析；通过系统进化分析，将缢蛏ABC转运蛋白家族分为8个亚家族，即ABCA～ABCH；通过比较分析不同物种... 相似文献
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湄洲湾海域甲壳动物群落多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2012年9月和2013年4月湄洲湾海域2个航次单拖网调查资料,分析了该海域甲壳动物种类组成、丰度与生物量、优势种及群落多样性。结果表明,2个航次共捕获甲壳动物35种,其中虾类17种、蟹类15种、虾蛄类3种,隶属于2目8科15属。2012年9月优势种为断脊口虾蛄(Oratosquillina interrupta)、黑斑口虾蛄(O.kempi)、锈斑■(Charybdis feriatus)、刀额仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis cultrirostris)和周氏新对虾(Metapenaeus joyneri);2013年4月优势种为断脊口虾蛄、双斑■(C.bimaculata)、刀额仿对虾和细巧仿对虾(P.tenella);而且断脊口虾蛄和刀额仿对虾为2个航次共有的优势种。2012年9月,甲壳动物平均丰度为1.50×10-2个·m~(-2)、平均生物量为1.47×10-1g·m~(-2),生物量优势度曲线位于丰度优势度曲线之上。2013年4月,甲壳动物平均丰度为3.73×10-3个·m~(-2)、平均生物量为1.57×10-2g·m~(-2),生物量优势度曲线位于丰度优势度曲线之下。2012年9月和2013年4月,甲壳动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')分别为1.30和1.31,Pielou均匀度指数(J')分别为0.62和0.68。 相似文献
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微卫星DNA由于具有高度多态性、共显性遗传、基因组中含量丰富且随机分布等特点，目前已成为最有效的分子标记之一，并应用于种群分化研究、血缘分析、基因连锁分析、进化以及生态学研究等许多领域。近年来，海洋贝类微卫星的研究报道日益增多。本文对海洋贝类微卫星分离方法、开发现状、遗传学特性以及在种群遗传、家系分析、遗传多样性评价等方面的最新研究进展进行了综述，并分析了微卫星分析中无效等位基因、“结巴”带、短等位基因显性和等位基因“扩增丢失”现象的产生原因以及对微卫星基因型判读带来的影响。 相似文献
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Nicholas J. King W. Huntting Howell Marina Huber David A. Bengtson 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2000,31(3):436-445
Abstract.— Three experiments investigating larval stocking densities of summer flounder from hatch to metamorphosis, Paralichthvs dentalus, were conducted at laboratory‐scale (75‐L aquaria) and at commercial scale (1,000‐L tanks). Experiments 1 and 2 at commercial scale tested the densities of 10 and 60 larvae/L, and 10, 20, and 30/L, respectively. The laboratory scale experiment tested the densities of 10, 20, 30, and 40 larvae/L. Experiments were carried out in two separate filtered, flow‐through seawater systems at URI Narragansett Bay Campus (laboratory‐scale), and at GreatBay Aquafarms, Inc. (commercial‐scale). At both locations, the larvae were raised in a “greenwater” culture environment, and fed rotifers and brine shrimp nauplii according to feeding regimes established for each location. Water temperature was maintained at 21C (± 2) and 19C (± 1) for the duration of laboratory and commercial experiments, respectively. Experiments 1 and 2 at the commercial location were terminated at 42 and 37 d post hatch (dph), respectively, and the laboratory experiment lasted 34 DPH. Larvae initially stocked at 10/L grew to an average length of 14.3 and 14.4 mm, and were significantly larger (P < 0.05) than those stocked at 30/L (13.1 mm) and 60/L (11.7 mm) in commercial scale experiments I and 2, respectively. At laboratory scale, no significant differences in length were detected, although mean total length tended to decrease with increasing stocking density (average length of 14.2, 13.3, 12.7, and 12.7 mm for treatments of 10, 20, 30, and 40/L, respectively). Final survival percentage was not affected by stocking density in either commercial experiment, and was 61 and 40% for treatments of 10 and 60/L in Experiment 1, respectively, and 62, 59, and 56% for Experiment 2, respectively. Similarly, there was no significant difference in final survival percentage among treatments in the laboratory experiment, which averaged 59, 55, 56, and 37% for treatments of 10, 20, 30, and 40L. respectively. Since larval length was not different between the intermediate densities (20 and 30 Iarvae/L), and because high‐density rearing can produce a much greater numerical yield per tank, we recommend a density of 30 larvaen as an optimal stocking density for the hatchery production of summer flounder. 相似文献
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M.A. Rahman K. Ohta A. Yamaguchi H. Chuda T. Hirai M. Matsuyama 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):81-83
To study the physiological roles of gonadotropins (GtHs) in the yellowtail, the cDNAs encoding each GtH subunit (GPHα, FSHβ and LHβ) and their receptors (FSHR and LHR) were isolated from the pituitary gland and gonads using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, thyrotropin (TSH) and its receptor (TSHR) cDNAs, were isolated from the pituitary gland, ovary and testis. The changes in the mRNA levels of each subunit were determined at different stages of maturation. The isolated cDNAs of GPHα, FSHβ, LHβ and TSHβ were 662, 545, 595 and 879 bp long, respectively. The amino acid sequence identity of the yellowtail GPHα, FSHβ, LHβ and TSHβ subunits was 85–63, 68–33, 93–65 and 74–46%, respectively, as compared with other fish species. Northern blot analysis showed that GPHα and FSHβ were strongly expressed in pituitary at the early vitellogenic stage and during spermatogenesis, whereas LHβ was expressed significantly in the late vitellogenic stage, and in both spermatogenesis and spermiation. Full-length cDNAs encoding FSHR, LHR, and TSHR were obtained from the testes and ovaries. The FSHR, LHR and TSHR cDNA encoded a protein of 680, 702 and 778 amino acids, and showed the highest identity with tilapia FSHR (76%), tilapia LHR (84%) and striped bass TSHR (94%), respectively. Northern blot analyses indicated that all of these receptors are expressed differently at different stages in the ovaries and testes. 相似文献
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为了探究不同盐度对花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)幼鱼组织结构的影响,用组织学方法对不同盐度条件下(0、10、15、20、30)花鲈幼鱼的鳃、脾及肌肉组织结构进行研究。结果显示,盐度为0时,花鲈幼鱼鳃丝排列紧密,顶端膨大呈棒状,鳃小片细胞饱满,有少量泌氯细胞。花鲈幼鱼鳃丝宽度随盐度的升高而缩小,鳃小片间距则逐渐增大,差异显著(P<0.05);盐度为20时,部分鳃小片变形脱落,鳃丝上的泌氯细胞明显增多增大;盐度为30时,鳃丝宽度较大,出现断裂脱落,鳃丝上细胞排列疏松,泌氯细胞明显膨大,有溶解现象。脾脏在淡水条件下(盐度为0),淋巴细胞数目较少,血细胞较多;在低盐环境中(盐度为10、15),淋巴细胞增大,数量增多,黑色素巨噬细胞中心数量增加;在高盐度下(盐度为30),脾细胞和部分淋巴细胞出现肿大、空泡化现象,细胞排列疏松。盐度为0时,花鲈幼鱼肌纤维排列较为疏松,多角形或长椭圆形,长径和短径较大、密度较小;盐度为15时,肌纤维短径变小、密度增大,与0、10盐度组均差异显著,盐度为30时,肌纤维长径增大、密度减小;随着盐度的增加,肌纤维长径和短径均有先减小后增加的趋势,单位面积肌纤维数量则先增加后减小,差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,花鲈幼鱼鳃、脾及肌肉组织结构变化特征与其所处的环境盐度有关。 相似文献
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美济礁地貌独特、生物资源丰富, 其海域微生物与渔业资源正被开发利用。为了解夏季美济礁潟湖海水养殖区细菌多样性及其与环境因子的相关性, 试验通过高通量测序技术分析了该海区海水细菌的群落结构组成, 探索了主要环境影响因子, 并采用 PICRUSt 对菌群功能进行了预测分析。美济礁潟湖海水细菌群落组成丰富, 分属于 29 个门、57 个纲、152 个目、256 个科、439 个属, 优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、 拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)。各个站点的 3 个水层之间的 alpha 多样性指数指数均存在差异, 但均未达到显著水平。通过冗余分析发现, 主要环境影响因子为盐度、COD/NO3-N、活性硅酸盐、COD。通过 PICRUSt 功能预测, 微生物功能以新陈代谢(氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、能量产生与转换)、遗传信息处理(蛋白质翻译与修饰、DNA 复制重组和修复)及信息处理(信号转导机制、辅酶运输、无机离子运输)为主。该研究分析夏季美济礁潟湖养殖区海水细菌群落结构及其与环境因子的关系, 为认识南海微生物多样性与合理开发利用、海域渔业的开发、生态系统的保护修复提供基础数据。 相似文献
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团头鲂是我国主要的淡水养殖鱼类之一，其具有食性广、养殖成本低、生长快、成活率高、易捕捞、易繁殖等特点，且具有味美、头小、含肉率高、体形好、规格适中等优点，深受消费者欢迎，在增加优质水产动物蛋白供应、提高全民营养健康水平、保障我国食物安全等方面做出了重要贡献。本文综述了团头鲂全产业链技术研究进展，包括新品种培育及育种技术、饲料营养需求调控及投喂技术、养殖应激与病害的生态防控技术、新型养殖模式、营养品质及加工技术等，提出了具有生产性能优、抗病抗逆性强和适于加工的团头鲂种质资源的挖掘，集约化健康养殖模式建立及精准营养供给、生态防控和高品质加工调理技术的研发等产业发展需求和研究方向，以期为团头鲂全产业链的绿色高质量可持续发展提供参考。 相似文献
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从患病牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)肝脏、四肢、腹水等组织划线分离,共获得3株菌,通过对菌落形态观察、革兰氏染色镜检及生理生化鉴定,确认其理化性质一致,均为洛菲不动杆菌(Acinetobacter lwoffi)。采取腹部注射和浸泡两种不同方式人工感染试验均证实该菌存在致病性,药敏试验表明,分离菌株W2011-01对左氟沙星、美洛培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、妥布霉素、复方新诺明、庆大霉素等18种药物敏感,对呋喃妥因、环丙沙星、沙拉沙星、乙酰螺旋霉素、青霉素、杆菌肽、痢特灵、利福平、氨苄西林、强力霉素耐药。 相似文献
19.
Changfeng Chi Fayuan Hu Zhongrui Li Bin Wang Hongyu Luo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(5):616-632
ABSTRACTAcid soluble collagen hydrolysates from the cartilages of Sphyrna lewini, Dasyatis akjei, and Raja porosa on different hydrolysis conditions by trypsin were prepared and named as S, D, and R, respectively. The hydrolysates (S1, D1, and R1) obtained from hydrolysis in pH 2.5, 3 h, 37°C presented wonderful foaming and emulsifying capacities, caused by their high average molecular weights (AMWs), high degree of Pro and Lys hydroxylation, and imino acid contents (17.1, 15.3, and 14.1%). At the concentration of 0.1% (w/v), the foaming capacities of S1, D1, and R1 were 104.75 ± 2.57, 63.87 ± 2.73, and 76.87 ± 2.02%; and the emulsifying activity indexes of them were 116.07 ± 1.89, 91.04 ± 1.79, and 123.85 ± 2.14 m2/g, respectively. Conversely, hydrolysates (S2, D2, and R2) obtained from hydrolysis in pH 7.8, 3 min, 37°C exhibited strong scavenging activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical (EC50 0.568, 0.680, and 1.634 mg/mL), hydroxyl radical (EC50 0.253, 0.376, and 0.438 mg/mL), and moderate reducing power (0.0465–0.4702 at the concentration of 5 mg/mL), due to their low AMWs. The results indicated that S1, D1, and R1 could be used as emulsifiers and foaming agents, and S2, D2, and R2 could be used as natural antioxidants in food systems. 相似文献
20.
吉尔伯特群岛海域延绳钓渔场大眼金枪鱼的环境偏好 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了掌握基里巴斯吉尔伯特群岛附近海域大眼金枪鱼的环境偏好,2009年9月至12月,金枪鱼延绳钓船"深联成719"在该海域进行了调查。利用仪器获取海洋环境数据,结合每天渔获数据,应用逐步回归方法,建立钓钩深度预测模型,计算大眼金枪鱼在各水层、温度、盐度、叶绿素、含氧量、水平海流和垂直海流范围内的渔获率,渔获率最大的各环境因子范围为大眼金枪鱼偏好的环境。结果表明:(1)大眼金枪鱼偏好的水层、水温、盐度、叶绿素、含氧量、水平海流和垂直海流范围分别为200.0~240.0 m、14.0~15.0℃、35.00~35.10、0.24~0.26μg/L、3.0~4.0 mg/L、0.00~0.20 m/s和0.03~0.04 m/s;(2)一般情况下,接近成熟的大眼金枪鱼偏好的水温为14.0~17.0℃;(3)大眼金枪鱼的适盐性较广;(4)溶解氧高于门限值(0.8 mg/L)时,大眼金枪鱼的分布由其它环境因子决定。 相似文献