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1.
2015年,山东省某养殖场工厂化养殖的斑石鲷(Oplegnathus puncatus)幼鱼(全长为15 cm左右)因病陆续死亡,15d内累积死亡率达40％以上.现场调查发现,发病池水温为21℃,盐度为30.患病鱼群散开、不聚集.病鱼身体侧偏,活力差,常贴底或者贴壁,严重者随着水流漂流.病鱼呼吸困难,口部持续张开,鳃盖开合频繁,对投喂的食物无反应.但病鱼反应灵敏,难以捕捉.临床检查和剖检可见病鱼鳃表面覆盖着大量黏液,鳃丝有损伤,肠道无食物.取病鱼鳃丝制成水浸片,在光学显微镜下观察,鳃丝上可见到许多直径约为30-70 μm的囊肿物,外观圆形或卵圆形,呈浅黄棕色.在苏木精-伊红染色的石蜡切片中,病鱼次级鳃丝末端粘连,许多上皮细胞膨大呈囊肿状.囊肿嗜碱性,内部均质化.在扫描电子显微镜下观察,病鱼鳃丝呈棍棒化,鳃小片被大量黏液覆盖,表面光滑的囊肿细胞镶嵌其间.通过上述疾病现场调查、病鱼的临床检查、鳃组织的光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜病理观察,可以初步确定该病为斑石鲷上皮囊肿病.这是上皮囊肿病在中国养殖斑石鲷中首次被发现和记载. 相似文献
2.
Abstract. An outbreak of proliferative gill disease occurred in a group of rainbow trout fingerlings. kept for experimental purposes. Lesions were multifocal among filaments and uniquely severe in the distal region of affected filaments, forming nodules; this contrasted with the more common forms of proliferative gill disease in Ontario, such as bacterial gill disease, in which lesions are diffuse along and among filaments. The cause of the condition is unknown, although cells with a very distinctive morphology were closely associated with the lesions. 相似文献
3.
Recovery of Bacillus mycoides,B. pseudomycoides and Aeromonas hydrophila from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with gill disease 
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下载免费PDF全文 During a 3‐month period from June to the end of August 2016, ~5% mortalities were observed in a farm with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) and one farm of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in Bulgaria. The disease was manifested by gill ulcers/rot, asphyxiation and bloody ascites. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from the internal organs of all the diseased fish. Bacillus mycoides or B. pseudomycoides were recovered from the gill lesions on diseased carp and rainbow trout, respectively, with identification achieved by conventional phenotyping and by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In vivo experiments confirmed that all three organisms were pathogenic to rainbow trout. 相似文献
4.
罗氏沼虾莫格球拟酵母病的病理研究 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21
罗氏沼虾莫格球拟酵母病的组织病理方面。莫球拟母在病虾肝胰脏血隙、鳃鱼管、及心脏大量侵袭，表明该病原是通过血道侵入虾的肝胰脏、心脏及性腺等组织，引起这些组织发生坏死为主的变质性变变；生化病理方面，病虾肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性显著降低，酯酯活性变异范围扩大，表明病虾代谢功能和免疫功能明显衰退和紊乱。该病目前尚无法治疗，但预防有明显效果。 相似文献
5.
首次报道了鲈脾肿大症的发病情况。病鱼以脾脏肿大为主要症状，死亡率高达50％以上。对病鱼进行显微镜检查和细菌分离培养，未见寄生虫和病原菌。经电镜检查，在脾、肝等组织中发现大量病毒颗粒。该病毒颗粒为六边形，没有囊膜，衣壳直径180-220nm，认为该病毒屑虹彩病毒(Iridoviridae)。细胞病理变化表现为感染细胞肿胀，细胞超微结构破坏，细胞质出现大面积空泡。血细胞中出现大量异形淋巴细胞，占淋巴细胞总数的50％以上。 相似文献
6.
取患“白体病”罗氏沼虾 (Macrobrachiumrosenbergii)腹部的病变组织及其鳃、心肌、肝胰腺、生殖腺等器官和组织 ,经光镜和电镜制样观察 ,未发现病原体 ,表明该病为非病原体引起的疾病。光镜下的病变组织结构与正常组织相比无明显异常。但在电镜下 ,病变主要表现为肌肉细胞的线粒体和肌质网的变性、坏死。线粒体肿胀、空泡化 ,肌质网增多且形成许多内陷小泡 ,表明细胞处于缺氧和钙代谢紊乱状态 ,这可能与虾生存的环境和养殖条件有关。根据超微病理与组织学观察结果 ,认为“罗氏沼虾白体病”更确切的命名应为“罗氏沼虾肌肉细胞线粒体坏死症” 相似文献
7.
Gills of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., with amoebic gill disease (AGD), were analysed by routine histology to identify lesion morphology and distribution patterns. Numbers of lesions occurring dorsally, medially and ventrally in the gill filaments were recorded as was lesion size, proximity to the gill arch and the degree of pathological severity involved. The mean number of lesions and pathological severity in the dorsal region of the second left gill arch were significantly higher than that found ventrally ( P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between gill regions in lesion size or proximity of lesions to the gill arch. Serially sectioned lesions revealed interlamellar cysts to be spherical to ovate in shape and fully enclosed within a wall of epithelium. Small to medium size cysts sometimes contained necrotic amoebae. Inflammatory cells, morphologically identified as neutrophils and macrophages, were occasionally seen infiltrating medium sized cysts. Larger cysts were mostly clear of any cellular debris. 相似文献
8.
草鱼中华鱼蚤病的组织病理研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
草鱼中华鱼蚤病是由大中华鱼蚤寄生所引起的鳃病。虫体以其第二对触肢插入鳃组织而牢固地附着于寄主的鳃丝上。病鱼的血浆总蛋白含量和葡萄糖含量、红细胞数、血红蛋白含量以及红细胞比积均低于健康草鱼；红细胞沉降率和白细胞数则高于健康草鱼；白细胞的血式也有明显变化。病鱼鳃上的粘液很多，鳃丝末端膨大成棒槌状，苍白而无血色。鳃组织的病变，主要为炎性水肿和呼吸上皮细胞、粘液细胞及间充质细胞增生，并有大量嗜酸性粒细胞渗出。炎性水肿的发生使鳃小片的呼吸机能受到障碍和破坏；由细胞增生引起的鳃小片融合大大缩小了鳃的气体交换面积，因此当大中华鱼蚤大量寄生时，导致病鱼窒息死亡 相似文献
9.
Renee L. Florent Joy A. Becker Mark D. Powell 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):15-22
This study examined the efficacy of bithionol as an oral treatment for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar affected by amoebic gill disease (AGD). The current commercial management strategy of AGD is a costly 3 h freshwater bath. It is labour intensive and the number of baths needed appears to be increasing; hence, there is an effort to identify alternative treatments. Efficacy was examined by feeding AGD-affected Atlantic salmon twice daily to satiation with bithionol, an antiprotozoal, at 25 mg kg− 1 feed. Three seawater (35‰, 17 °C) re-circulation systems were used each consisting of three tanks containing 32 Atlantic salmon smolts with an average (± SEM) mass of 90.4 g (± 5.2). Three feeds were examined in the trial including bithionol, plain commercial control and oil coated commercial control. Feeding commenced 2 weeks prior to exposure to Neoparamoeba spp. at 300 cells L− 1 and continued for 28 days post-exposure. Efficacy was determined by examining gross gill score and identifying percent lesioned gill filaments twice weekly for 4 weeks post-exposure. Bithionol when fed as a two-week prophylactic treatment at 25 mg kg− 1 feed delayed the onset of AGD pathology and reduced the percent lesioned gill filaments by 53% and halved the gill score from 2 to 1 when compared with both the plain and oil controls during an experimental challenge. There were no palatability problems observed with mean feed intake of bithionol over the trial duration with fish consuming higher levels of the bithionol diet compared to both the oil and plain controls. This study demonstrated that bithionol at 25 mg kg− 1 feed, when fed as a two-week prophylactic treatment for Neoparamoeba spp. exposure, delayed and reduced the intensity of AGD pathology and warrants further investigation as an alternative to the current freshwater bath treatment for AGD-affected Atlantic salmon. 相似文献
10.
1999年 8～ 10月广东沿海网箱养殖的眼斑拟石首鱼 (Sciaenopocellatus)流行一种暴发性传染病 ,经抗菌药或杀虫剂处理均无效。为查明病因 ,取病鱼镜检 ,未发现寄生虫 ,也分离不到细菌。电镜观察 ,可见病鱼的脾脏细胞内有截面为六边形、直径约 15 0nm的病毒颗粒 ,且脾、肝、肾都有一定程度的病变 ;用 2对日本所报道的虹彩病毒特异引物进行PCR扩增 ,在病鱼的脾脏样品中扩增出 2条大小与所报道的虹彩病毒扩增产物吻合的特征带 ,故初步认定虹彩病毒是眼斑拟石首鱼暴发性传染病的主要致病原 相似文献
11.
运用石蜡切片技术和扫描电镜技术对稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)鳃结构进行观察,并采用浓度为2 mg/L的Cd Cl_2水溶液对稀有鮈鲫进行急性毒理实验。结果显示:稀有鮈鲫具4对鳃,由鳃耙、鳃弓、鳃丝及鳃小片组成。鳃的各个部位表面均有上皮细胞覆盖;鳃耙和鳃弓具味蕾,鳃弓上还具不同类型的黏液细胞;相邻鳃小片的上皮细胞间也分布有黏液细胞,在鳃小片基部有氯细胞着生。鳃丝表面有不规则凹陷和微嵴,具沟、坑、孔等结构;鳃小片两面均呈凹凸状。在2 mg/L的Cd Cl_2水溶液暴露下,鳃受到损伤,发生鳃小片充血呈球状,鳃上皮水肿、脱落,黏液细胞增多等现象;并随时间延长受损程度加重。 相似文献
12.
13.
The current treatment for amoebic gill disease (AGD)-affected Atlantic salmon involves bathing sea-caged fish in fresh water, often sourced from local dams, for 3-4 h. In both a small-scale laboratory and an on-farm field experiment, the effects of water hardness on the efficacy of freshwater bathing were assessed. Results showed that soft fresh water (19.3-37.4 mg L(-1) CaCO3), whether it be naturally soft city mains water or artificially softened dam water, was more efficacious at alleviating AGD in affected fish than hard fresh water (173-236.3 mg L(-1) CaCO3). Soft freshwater bathing significantly reduced viable gill amoebae numbers (from 73.9 to 40.9% of total count) and significantly alleviated gill pathology, both gross and histological. Following bathing, gross gill pathological scores of soft freshwater bathed fish lagged 2 weeks behind hard freshwater bathed fish. Significant gill lesion fragmentation, and shedding of lesion-associated hyperplastic tissue, was accompanied by a significant reduction in AGD-affected gill filaments in soft freshwater bathed fish. Furthermore, soft freshwater bathing alleviated the blood plasma electrolyte imbalance seen in control (sea water) and hard freshwater bathed fish. This study showed that the use of soft fresh water for bathing AGD-affected Atlantic salmon could be an improvement to the current method of treatment. Not only does it reduce gill amoeba numbers, but also, it is of a therapeutic advantage with the potential to reduce bathing frequency. 相似文献
14.
用连续切片的方法对患有红体病的青虾进行组织病理学研究，结果表明患病青虾鳃部、肌肉组织和肝胰腺部位病症比较明显，不同患病阶段组织变形差异显著。鳃片细胞在患病初期表现为胞质收缩，后期则细胞膨胀破裂。细胞内物质外溢，细胞边缘界限不完整；肌肉组织在后期出现肌纤维束之间间隙，且部分肌纤维有断裂的现象；中期肝小叶间隔出现空隙和腺细胞变形，在后期则表现为小叶溃烂。造成青虾因红体病死亡的原因，初期主要是因为鳃片的组织病变导致呼吸困难，进而造成青虾生理异常；后期主要是因为肝胰脏的溃烂造成消化功能全面丧失。 相似文献
15.
F. R. ROUBAL 《Journal of fish diseases》1994,17(5):495-512
Abstract. Sporulated plasmodia of Henneguya sp. infected the gill filaments, interhemibranch septum, gut and other microhabitats of Acanthopagrus australis in Moreton Bay, southern Queensland, whereas Myxobolus sp. infected only the gut. There was usually no inflammatory response, but some plasmodia in the gill filaments were associated with a granulomatous, predominantly lymphoid, response that was not determined by either parasite maturity, or sex and size of fish or season. There was a microhabitat shift in branchial Henneguya infection from predominantly gill filament in juvenile bream to gill septum in older fish. The highest prevalences of Henneguya were in the southern part of Moreton Bay, but trends in seasonal infection and prevalences in relation to size and sex of fish were similar in the western and southern parts of the bay. This suggested a widespread distribution of the putative annelid alternate host in Moreton Bay, with highest densities in the southern part. Myxobolus infection was most prevalent in young male fish at the winter spawning grounds on eastern surf bars. 相似文献
16.
Abstract. Nodular gill disease characterized by severe multifocal epithelial hyperplasia was diagnosed in a group of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, fingerlings. Gills of a large proportion of fish transferred from the affected tank to smaller aquaria showed a marked decrease in severity of the lesions after 2 months. Repair of hyperplastic lesions may occur in various forms of proliferative gill disease, provided that the basement membrane lining the primary and secondary disease, provided that the basement membrane lining the filaments and lamellae remains intact. 相似文献
17.
报道了中国对虾白黑斑病的肝胰腺、鳃、血液、胃、肠和肌肉等组织的压制片、显微切片及亚显微切片的观察结果。病虾鳃上常见肉芽肿和菌团（３７％）,肝胰腺有细小样病毒（ＨＰＶ）包涵体感染（４１％）,但这些组织均未出现有规律的因生物性病原侵入而引起的病理组织变化。肉眼所见的白斑和黑斑是由一些大小不等、形状不一的棕黄色和褐色团块状物质沉积而成。超微结构显示这些类似脂褐质物质内没有包被细菌等生物性病原。据观察结果分析,该病为生理性疾病,而非感染性疾病。还讨论了白斑、黑斑的形成与病虾的生理代谢、酚氧化酶作用之间的关系 相似文献
18.
Rainbow trout from eight North German freshwater culture facilities were investigated for chronic health damage resulting from captivity. The fishes were raised under a wide variety of conditions in net cages, circulation tanks, raceways, and earthen ponds.The most obvious non-contagious health problem was gill injury. Hyperplasia of the gill filaments, leading to lamellar fusion or the development of apical caps, as well as necrotic or advanced degenerative processes were observed. In addition, the gill filaments were frequently shortened, significantly reducing the functional surface of the organ.The lesions occurred in almost the same form in all of the culture units. It is likely that they are part of a syndrome induced by the environmental conditions typical of freshwater aquaculture facilities. These are characterized by an accumulation of nitrogenous excretion and decomposition products, extreme diurnal fluctuations in the concentration of dissolved gases, and intensive feeding involving the sudden addition of large amounts of artificial products. Under such conditions even small quantities of un-ionized ammonia can be toxic for epithelial tissues and disturb the normal elimination of protein metabolites across the gills. The pathological processes may be accelerated by secondary bacterial infections. 相似文献
19.
Steinum T Kvellestad A Rønneberg LB Nilsen H Asheim A Fjell K Nygård SM Olsen AB Dale OB 《Journal of fish diseases》2008,31(3):205-214