共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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对苏氏Mang鲶鳃结构进行扫描和透射电镜观察。Mang鲶鳃丝末端膨大呈杓状结构，每一鳃丝两侧具有许多呈褶状的鳃小片，相邻两鳃丝上的鳃小片紧密镶嵌排列。鳃弓和鳃耙表面分布众多味蕾。鳃丝呼吸面上皮细胞薄，高度血管化，形成呼吸面隆起，非呼吸面由微脊细胞彼此相连，间缝具分泌细胞开口。鳃小片由单层或数层外上皮细胞和由基膜相隔的柱状细胞及其围在血管腔的凸缘构成，氯细胞多分布在鳃小片基部，并有开口通外，还探讨了Mang鲶鳃丝和鳃小片特殊的结构与功能。 相似文献
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采用组织切片和透射电镜技术对人工培育四指马鲅(Eleutheronema tetradactylum)鳃结构及其早期(1—35日龄)发育进行观察。结果显示,鳃耙列齿状,鳃丝梳状排列在鳃弓上,鳃小片排列在鳃丝两边。透射电镜下鳃小片主要由线粒体丰富细胞(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型)、扁平上皮细胞、柱细胞、血细胞、黏液细胞和未分化细胞组成。四指马鲅鳃早期发育显示,1日龄鳃原基形成;3日龄出现鳃弓,有扁平上皮细胞和血细胞;5日龄出现鳃小片,鳃小片上有柱细胞,基部有线粒体丰富细胞;18日龄鳃小片增多,鳃结构完善;35日龄鳃结构基本和成鱼一致。根据发育特点将其分为3个阶段:第1阶段(0—3日龄)为原基期,鳃原基形成但未分化,仔鱼主要靠鳍褶、皮肤和卵黄囊上的微血管进行呼吸;第2阶段(4—17日龄)为鳃结构分化、发育期,鳃耙、鳃弓、鳃丝、鳃小片逐渐形成,具备鳃基本的结构特点;第3阶段(18—35日龄)为鳃结构完善期,鳃组织发育主要体现在数量和形状的变化。 相似文献
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本研究运用光学显微镜、扫描电镜以及透射电镜技术研究了南海北部黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)幼鱼和成鱼鳃的显微组织结构、鳃表面超微结构和鳃小片内部超微结构特点。结果表明, 黄鳍金枪鱼鳃丝顶端弯曲, 鳃弓、 鳃丝和鳃耙表面具有不同类型的细胞。表面超微结构研究显示黄鳍金枪鱼的鳃具有高的片层密度、独特的斜向血流模式以及鳃的融合特性, 幼鱼和成鱼鳃结构之间存在显著不同。鳃小片内部超微结构研究显示鳃扁平上皮细胞覆盖于鳃丝和鳃小片表面, 顶端存在微绒毛或微脊结构, 相对幼鱼, 成鱼具有高的细胞质密度; 离子细胞主要分布于鳃小片以及鳃小片基部, 幼鱼离子细胞顶端开口为微绒毛, 成鱼为小坑状。本研究阐明了黄鳍金枪鱼幼鱼和成鱼鳃的组织结构, 丰富了黄鳍金枪鱼鳃的基础生物学资料, 为研究高速游泳鱼类鳃的形态特征与其高速游泳习性之间的关系提供了参考。 相似文献
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急性氨氮胁迫对淇河鲫幼鱼脑、鳃、肝、肾组织结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
随着养殖密度的增加,过量投喂产生的残饵和大量代谢废物在水中积累,并通过氨化作用转化为氨态氮在水体中富集,对鱼类的抗氧化系统、呼吸及神经系统均存在较大的危害。本研究以6月龄淇河鲫（）幼鱼[体重（15±2）g]为实验对象,研究水体中过量氨氮（50 mg/L、100 mg/L、150 mg/L、200 mg/L、250 mg/L、300 mg/L）对淇河鲫脑、鳃、肝、肾的组织学损害。结果发现,淇河鲫安全养殖的氨氮浓度为16.6 mg/L,超过安全浓度后随着氨氮浓度的升高及氨氮胁迫时间的延长,脑神经纤维结构被破坏的程度增大,神经细胞体出现不同程度坏死;鳃小片也出现不同程度的萎缩聚拢,鳃丝基部充血肿大,鳃丝间隔增大,上皮细胞排列紊乱,泌氯细胞和上皮细胞出现不同程度的空泡化,超显微观察发现,鳃小片出现萎缩,上皮细胞脱落,细胞表面分泌物增多;肝组织中心静脉周围肝细胞排列出现不同程度的紊乱,肝小叶轮廓模糊不清且间距增大,肝细胞排列疏松,细胞核出现不同程度的偏移、溶解,细胞表面粗糙且分泌物增多;肾组织出现淋巴细胞浸润和扩散、肾小囊腔膨大、肾小管腔缩小的现象,甚至出现了肾小球坏死。以上结果表明高浓度氨氮对淇河鲫幼鱼的神经、呼吸及代谢相关器官均存在不同程度的损害。因而,在淇河鲫大规模养殖过程中,应严格监测水体中氨氮浓度,践行绿色、健康养殖模式。 相似文献
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通过光镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜技术,研究了怒江裂腹鱼(Schizothorax nukiangensis)鳃的组织结构和超微结构。结果表明,怒江裂腹鱼鳃基本结构与其他硬骨鱼相似,均由鳃耙、鳃弓、鳃丝以及鳃小片构成,且各部分具有不同的组织结构和细胞类型。扁平上皮细胞覆盖于整个鳃表面,其表面的纹路主要有3种类型,在鳃上不同的部位具有不同的结构和功能。线粒体密集细胞主要分布于鳃小片基部,仅有一种细胞类型,顶端膜内凹呈浅滩型,细胞内具有大量圆形的线粒体。怒江裂腹鱼鳃内扁平上皮细胞和线粒体密集细胞的形态结构与其在急流中游泳和摄食活动等生活习性相适应。本研究结果丰富了怒江裂腹鱼的基础生物学资料,并为阐明鱼类鳃的结构特征与其生活习性之间的关系提供参考。 相似文献
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黄鳍鲷和尼罗罗非鱼鳃丝表面结构扫描电镜观察 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黄鳍鲷Sarus latus和尼罗罗非鱼Oreochromis nilotica鳃丝和鳃小片表面都具有规则或不规则分布的环形微嵴、沟状或坑状凹陷及孔洞等结构.黄鳍鲷的鳃丝表面一部分鳃丝表皮凹凸不平,另一部分鳃丝表皮较为平坦.黄鳍鲷和尼罗罗非鱼鳃上皮几种细胞的形态结构及数量分布存在细微的差异.黄鳍鲷的扁平上皮细胞表面观以不规则的六边形为主,或类似菱形的四边形,细胞间界限清楚,而尼罗罗非鱼鳃丝细胞表面的微嵴以形成密集指纹状回路,隆起的微嵴两侧有细小的横突,扁平上皮细胞间排列凹凸不平,形成深沟或凹坑,成为细胞间明确的界线.黄鳍鲷鳃丝表面的氯细胞和粘液细胞数量较多,尼罗罗非鱼鳃丝表面基本上没有观察到氯细胞,粘液细胞很少.黄鳍鲷鳃小片的厚度比尼罗罗非鱼鳃小片的厚. 相似文献
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卵形鲳鲹胚后发育阶段鳃的分化和发育 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用组织学和扫描电镜等方法,鲹研究了卵形鲳(Trachinotus ovatus)胚后发育阶段鳃的分化和发育及其结构和功能的关系。观察发现,仔稚鱼鳃的早期发育可分为3个阶段:第1阶段(0~3日龄)为原基期,鳃原基形成但未分化,鳃耙未出现,仔鱼主要依靠鳍褶、皮肤和卵黄囊上的微血管进行呼吸;第2阶段(4~17日龄)为鳃丝分化、发育期,鳃弓、鳃丝、鳃小片、鳃耙逐渐形成,具备鳃的基本结构和形态特点;第3阶段(18日龄之后)为鳃器官生长发育完善期,鳃弓、鳃丝、鳃小片、鳃耙发育完善,鳃的形态和功能与成鱼相似。进一步研究发现,鳃丝总数随仔稚鱼全长和体质量的增加而增加,单个鳃小片面积和总呼吸面积随仔稚鱼体质量的增加而增大。结果表明,卵形鲳鲳鲹的分化和发育是与仔、稚鱼的生长、形态发育和功能的完善相一致的。 相似文献
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报道了患短钩拟指环虫病欧洲鳗的症状、流行状况和鳃显微组织病理.游动和呼吸频率异常、鳃丝浮肿和鳃上粘液增多为该病的主要症状.该病尽管在冬季也有发生,但水温在26℃以上的春末、夏季和秋初是最易发病的流行季节,流行出现明显的季节性变化.患病欧洲鳗鳃的组织病理变化主要表现出5种类型,其一是鳃小片上皮细胞增生,使邻近的鳃小片相连;其二是鳃小片粘液细胞增生,同样使鳃小片连成一片,增生的粘液细胞经阿利新蓝(Alclan blue)和过碘酸雪夫氏(Periodic acid schiff)二者联合染色后呈蓝紫色的染色反应,属于Ⅳ型的粘液细胞;其三是鳃小片肿大,但单层扁平上皮细胞无肿大现象,上皮细胞层与毛细血管相分离,鳃小片上皮细胞坏死,上皮细胞层破裂,血细胞外溢,鳃小片上皮细胞坏死脱落后,失去鳃小片原有的结构;其四是鳃小片肿大同时伴随单层扁平上皮细胞肿大,进一步发展,鳃小片上皮细胞坏死脱落后,鳃小片同样失去原有的结构;其五是鳃小片毛细血管严重充血扩张,比原毛细血管扩张几倍到十几倍,形成充满红细胞的棒状到球状的动脉瘤.结果表明鳃上皮细胞增生、粘液细胞增生、鳃小片肿大、上皮细胞坏死脱落和严重充血成动脉瘤等病理变化都可导致患病欧洲鳗呼吸困难,轻者影响其生长,重者最终因呼吸衰竭而死亡. 相似文献
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Evaluations of histopathological lesions in gill tissue were carried out in the freshwater fish Macropsobrycon uruguayanae following 30 and 60 days of exposure to 1.5 mg 1-1 of cadmium. The study was conducted on both fed and starved animals in order to determine the influence of feeding condition on cadmium toxicity. The main lesions observed and quantified were: (1) hyperplasia of primary lamellar epithelium; (2) hyperplasia of secondary lamellar epithelium; (3) separation of respiratory epithelium; (4) shortening of secondary lamellae; (5) epithelial necrosis; (6) fusion of adjacent secondary lamellae; (7) hypertrophy of respiratory epithelium; (8) lamellar telangiectasis; (9) hyperplasia of chloride cells; (10) mucinous metaplasia; and (11) inflammatory infiltration. Lesions 6, 8, 9 and 11 were only induced by exposure to cadmium, while lesion 4 could be produced only by starvation. Starved fish also showed a reduction in total body weight and length. Lesion 2 was shown to be non-specific, and produced by either cadmium, starvation or even exposure time. The possible mode of action of the experimental factors are discussed in relation to the observed pathologies. 相似文献
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Adult and preadult Dissonus manteri attached to the gills of Plectropomus leopardus cause significant pathology in the form of large hyperplastic nodules on the afferent (leading) edges of gill filaments. Nodules result from the dual actions of parasite attachment and feeding. The host response is characterized by severe epithelial hyperplasia, supplemented by fibroplasia and inflammation. Parasites attach close to the gill arch near the base of filaments. They have little effect on gill vasculature as the maxillipeds penetrate the filament superficial to the efferent filament artery and do not interfere with the blood vessels of the secondary lamellae. Tissue proliferation is limited to the wide portion of filament 'edge' epithelium in the proximal third and also does not extend to the secondary lamellae. Nodules are most numerous towards the ends of hemibranchs and are generally absent from the central regions. Leading hemibranchs bear significantly more nodules than their trailing counterparts. Of the total number of nodules, 20.5% are located on the pseudobranchs. Distribution patterns are considered to be primarily the result of D. manteri avoiding strong water currents, although this cannot explain the difference between numbers on leading and trailing hemibranchs. 相似文献
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T. K. Banerjee 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(4):441-454
Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized
skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously
stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills
include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae
causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled
regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following
lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration
of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion
of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing
blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to
the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride
cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology
of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also
shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin
that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants. 相似文献
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2015年,山东省某养殖场工厂化养殖的斑石鲷(Oplegnathus puncatus)幼鱼(全长为15 cm左右)因病陆续死亡,15d内累积死亡率达40％以上.现场调查发现,发病池水温为21℃,盐度为30.患病鱼群散开、不聚集.病鱼身体侧偏,活力差,常贴底或者贴壁,严重者随着水流漂流.病鱼呼吸困难,口部持续张开,鳃盖开合频繁,对投喂的食物无反应.但病鱼反应灵敏,难以捕捉.临床检查和剖检可见病鱼鳃表面覆盖着大量黏液,鳃丝有损伤,肠道无食物.取病鱼鳃丝制成水浸片,在光学显微镜下观察,鳃丝上可见到许多直径约为30-70 μm的囊肿物,外观圆形或卵圆形,呈浅黄棕色.在苏木精-伊红染色的石蜡切片中,病鱼次级鳃丝末端粘连,许多上皮细胞膨大呈囊肿状.囊肿嗜碱性,内部均质化.在扫描电子显微镜下观察,病鱼鳃丝呈棍棒化,鳃小片被大量黏液覆盖,表面光滑的囊肿细胞镶嵌其间.通过上述疾病现场调查、病鱼的临床检查、鳃组织的光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜病理观察,可以初步确定该病为斑石鲷上皮囊肿病.这是上皮囊肿病在中国养殖斑石鲷中首次被发现和记载. 相似文献
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Abstract. Nodular gill disease characterized by severe multifocal epithelial hyperplasia was diagnosed in a group of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, fingerlings. Gills of a large proportion of fish transferred from the affected tank to smaller aquaria showed a marked decrease in severity of the lesions after 2 months. Repair of hyperplastic lesions may occur in various forms of proliferative gill disease, provided that the basement membrane lining the primary and secondary disease, provided that the basement membrane lining the filaments and lamellae remains intact. 相似文献