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1.
HYDRUS模型与遥感集合卡尔曼滤波同化提高土壤水分监测精度 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
精确地估测干旱区土壤水分含量,对该区域的农业发展与水土保持具有重要意义。该文以MODIS与Landsat TM数据为数据源,利用其反演获得的条件温度植被指数(temperature-vegetation drought Index,TVDI)作为观测算子,将集合卡尔曼滤波(ensemble Kalman filter,En-KF)同化方法应用于水文模型(HYDRUS-1D),进行干旱区表层土壤水分的模拟。结果表明:遥感数据反演土壤水分所构建的二维特征空间TVDI与表层土壤水分有较好的一致性;En-KF同化方法对模型变量与观测算子的更新,与单纯使用HYDRUS模型相比,获得的表层土壤水分含量精度有了明显提高,其均方根误差缩小了1个百分点,平均误差缩小了5个百分点。可见,基于多源遥感数据对表层土壤水分的En-KF同化模拟在干旱区具有较大的潜力,是提高干旱区土壤水分含水量监测精度的有效手段。 相似文献
2.
基于表观电导率和Hydrus模型同化的土壤盐分估算 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
精细刻画农田土壤盐分运移过程对盐渍化精准治理具有重要意义。该文以磁感式大地电导率仪EM38测定的土壤表观电导率作为数据源,利用表观电导率与剖面土壤盐分之间的反演模型作为观测算子,将集合卡尔曼滤波(ensemble Kalmanfilter,En KF)同化方法应用于土壤水盐运移过程模型(HYDRUS-1D),进行滨海盐渍农田周年土壤盐分动态的模拟,并分析了同化过程的敏感性。结果表明:与单纯使用HYDRUS模型相比,En KF同化方法对模型观测算子的更新,有效提高剖面土壤盐分模拟精度,且En KF同化值的精度优于En KF同化模拟值,在同化过程中的调整量亦最大;敏感性分析结果显示土壤盐分同化过程对状态变量集合数大小不敏感,对观测数据误差和引入观测数据的深度较为敏感,观测数据误差水平越高、引入观测数据的深度越浅其误差越大。研究表明基于水盐运移模型和土壤表观电导率数据的EnKF同化方法能提高土壤盐分的模拟精度,为利用多源数据和机理模型进行较大尺度生态过程模拟预测提供了有效手段。 相似文献
3.
不同深度土壤水分同化产品在川西高原的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
[目的]评估不同深度土壤水分同化产品的适用性,为川西高原有关气候变化、生态环境建设等研究提供土壤水分数据选择的科学依据。[方法]以气象自动观测站的土壤水分值作为参考,评价了中国气象局陆面同化系统CLDAS-V 2.0和全球陆面同化系统GLDAS-Noah土壤水分产品在川西高原的精度,并分析了土壤水分产品对降水过程的反应以及降水对土壤水分产品精度的影响。[结果]①GLDAS和CLDAS数据均与参考值具有极显著的相关性(p<0.01),GLDAS数据与参考值的相关性整体好于CLDAS数据;②2套土壤水分产品在研究区表层和浅层的误差均较小,其中,表层土壤水分的误差大于浅层,GLDAS数据的误差小于CLDAS数据。两套数据都存在对土壤水分的高估,且在无降水情况下对土壤水分的高估比有降水的情况更突出;③2套数据在表层和浅层都表现出与降水一致的变化过程,且土壤水分的变化均滞后于降水量的变化,GLDAS数据对降水变化的反应比CLDAS数据更加灵敏,但CLDAS数据因具有较高的空间分辨率而对川西高原土壤水分的空间分异特征表现得更好。[结论]两套土壤水分产品表层和浅层数据在川西地区的适用性都较好,GLDAS数据质量总体较CLDAS数据更好,但CLDAS数据在对土壤水分空间分异的表现方面更具优势。 相似文献
4.
基于多源遥感数据的艾比湖流域盐土SWAT模型参数修正 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
在SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型模拟地表分量过程中,常默认土壤剖面电导率(electrical conductivity,EC)值为0或0.1,将其应用于土壤盐渍化程度较高的流域时,不符合下垫面实际情况。为确保水文模拟逼近真实地表模拟过程,进一步提高模拟精度,该文利用GF-1号卫星16 m分辨率多光谱遥感影像结合分类回归树法反演艾比湖流域区域尺度0~100 cm土壤剖面电导率,模拟值与实测值均方根最大值误差为4.81 dS/m,相对误差最大值为15.17%。模拟值用于修正EC值,结果表明:EC值修正后的SWAT模型土壤水分模拟值,较修正前模拟值精度提高23.84个百分点。该方法在实现SWAT模型参数本地化的同时,有效提高了土壤水分模拟精度,可为土壤盐渍化区域水文模拟提供参考。 相似文献
5.
6.
陆面数据同化方法在绿洲农田土壤温湿度模拟中的应用 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为准确预测绿洲农田土壤水分的变化以利于合理分配有限的水资源,该文利用耦合于中尺度大气数值模式MM5和WRF中的Noah Lsm与集合卡尔曼滤波方法建立了一维的陆面数据同化系统,将其应用到绿洲农田土壤的水热模拟研究。模拟结果表明：在陆面数据同化系统中同化土壤湿度后,不仅提高了绿洲农田土壤湿度的模拟精度,还可在一定程度上提高土壤温度和潜热的模拟性能;在同化土壤湿度的基础上进一步同化土壤温度,可显著提高绿洲农田土壤温度的模拟精度。若将研究结果进一步应用到中尺度大气数值模式MM5和WRF,可以较好地监测大面积的土壤温湿度变化以便做出合理的水资源调配。 相似文献
7.
基于观测数据和作物模型相同化的田块尺度作物生长监测,对于农田精准管理具有重要意义。为构建能准确模拟旱区春小麦长势和产量的同化模拟模型,该研究利用SWAP(soil-water-atmosphere-plant)模型和迭代集合平滑器算法(iterative ensemble smoother,IES),构建了适合旱区春小麦的SWAP-IES同化模拟系统,并利用2019—2020年田间观测试验数据,评估了同化叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、土壤水分(soil water content,SW)及其组合在旱区春小麦生长模拟和估产中的作用。结果表明,相较于无同化情景,在吸收6次土壤水分观测数据后,模型对土壤水分模拟的R2从0.48提升到0.87。同化LAI时,各水分胁迫处理下LAI的模拟精度均最高,R2从无同化的0.35～0.62提升到0.76～0.96。同化LAI+SW时,各处理对生物量模拟的精度均最高,R2从无同化的0.40～0.67提升到0.73～0.96。轻度水分胁迫处理(T4～T5)下,仅同化LA... 相似文献
8.
基于辽宁省2020年生长季(5-10月)逐日自动土壤水分站观测资料,利用相关系数(r)、均方根误差(RSME)、平均绝对误差(MAE)和偏差(ME)等统计评估指标对0-10cm、0-20cm和0-50cm层次的CLDAS(中国气象局陆面数据同化系统)土壤相对湿度产品在辽宁省的模拟表现进行评估检验,以确定其在辽宁省的适用性。结果表明,3个土壤层次的CLDAS土壤相对湿度模拟结果与观测值在时间尺度上存在趋势一致性,具有显著的正相关。生长季内辽宁省CLDAS平均土壤相对湿度模拟结果整体偏高,CLDAS对土壤相对湿度在60%～90%之间的模拟效果较好,对偏湿状态(RSM>90%)和偏干状态(RSM<60%)的模拟效果欠佳。3个层次的CLDAS土壤相对湿度模拟结果与观测值存在一致的空间变化趋势,总体呈西低东高趋势分布。CLDAS土壤相对湿度模拟结果与观测值呈显著正相关关系,0-20cm和0-50cm层次上全省大部地区相关系数超过0.8。误差评估结果在全省范围内的分布趋势一致,辽宁东部、南部和西部的误差较小,北部和中部的部分地区误差较大,在康平—彰武—新民—台安一线出现误差异常高值区。... 相似文献
9.
基于集合卡尔曼滤波的PyWOFOST模型在东北玉米估产中的适用性验证 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以叶面积指数(LAI)为结合点,引入基于集合卡尔曼滤波(Ensemble Kalman Filter,EnKF)的作物模型-遥感信息耦合模型PyWOFOST,利用气象数据、农业气象记录观测表数据及MODIS LAI数据检验PyWOFOST模型在东北玉米种植区的适用性,并选取在研究区内均匀分布、覆盖所有玉米品种且具有有效MODIS LAI数据的16个玉米农气站点,模拟该模型在不同的TSUM1(出苗-开花期积温)不确定性水平下各站点的玉米产量及LAI。结果表明,与WOFOST模型相比,PyWOFOST模型对LAI和产量的模拟能力都有极大提高。当TSUM1的不确定性为0、10、20、30℃时,PyWOFOST模拟的产量平均误差分别为10.32%、9.25%、7.31%和8.49%,均较未同化LAI观测数据的WOFOST模拟的产量平均误差(10.55%)低;同化后模拟LAI与同化前模拟LAI相比,其轨迹更接近实测值,更符合玉米的生长发育趋势,表明基于EnKF的PyWOFOST模型在东北玉米种植区有较好的适用性。 相似文献
10.
基于BEPS生态模型模拟农田土壤水分动态 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了提高农田水分动态的模拟精度,以提高农田水管理的效率,该文研究验证了BEPS机理生态模型模拟季风气候区农田土壤水分的能力,分析了导致模型误差的原因。结果表明,BEPS模型能较好地模拟江苏省徐州农业气象试验站冬小麦生长季根层土壤水分动态,2000－2004年模拟结果与实际观测值的决定系数R2的范围在0.1339～0.9225之间,均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别在0.026113～0.06317和0.0232～0.0525之间。土壤水分饱和传导率和决定土壤水分传导率变化的参数对模拟结果有较大影响。模拟结果的可靠性及其对土壤水分饱和传导率和决定土壤水分传导率变化的参数的敏感性与降水和土壤含水率条件有关,当降水长期偏少、土壤含水率下降时,模拟的上层土壤含水率会较观测数据偏低,对2个参数的敏感性上升。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献