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1.
The pathogenicity of a serotype 1 fowl adenovirus (FAV-99ZH), isolated from broiler chickens exhibiting gizzard erosion, was investigated in commercial broiler chickens. Five-, 3-, and 1-wk-old commercial broiler chickens were inoculated with FAV-99ZH by both oral and ocular routes. In the 5-wk-old chickens (trial 1), none of which had the maternal antibody to FAV-99ZH, severe gizzard erosions were observed on days 5, 7, and 10 postinoculation (PI). Among the 3-wk-old chickens (trial 2), which were separated into a control group and three treatment groups according to their maternal antibody titer levels, some chickens showed clinical signs such as depression and anorexia. Compared with the control group, all the treatment groups showed decreased weight gain. One treatment group, moreover, showed significantly decreased (P < 0.05) weight gain on day 10 PI. Severe gizzard lesions, such as erosion or ulcers, were observed from day 4 PI in all treatment groups regardless of their maternal antibody levels. The 1-wk-old chickens (trial 3) were separated into a control group and two treatment groups according to their titer levels of the inoculated virus. In spite of high maternal antibody levels, severe gizzard lesions were observed in both treatment groups, which also showed decreased weight gain. One treatment group, inoculated with the higher dose, showed significantly decreased (P < 0.05) weight gain on days 10 and 14 PI compared with the control group. Fowl adenovirus was recovered mainly from gizzard and rectal (including feces) samples from inoculated chickens but was not recovered from liver samples in any of the trials or in any of the control chickens. Although the reproduced disease was similar to that described in a previous report of experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) white leghorn chickens with fowl adenovirus, the pathogenicity of FAV-99ZH in commercial broiler chickens was more severe than that in the SPF white leghorn chickens. The results of the present study indicate that FAV-99ZH isolated from gizzard erosion had pathogenicity and produced severe lesions in the gizzards of broiler chickens and that FAV-99ZH could infect and produce illness in broiler chickens with maternal antibodies against this virus. 相似文献
2.
Munir K Muneer MA Tiwari A Chaudhry RM Muruganandan S 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(7):909-929
Immunization against Angara disease virus (ADV), a serotype 4 avian adenovirus, and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian
paramyxovirus serotype 1, is the mainstay of a broiler vaccination programme, while polyether ionophores usually form an essential
component of a broiler medication programme in most parts of India and Pakistan. The role of polyether ionophores in the protective
immune responses of broiler chickens vaccinated and challenged with ADV and NDV was investigated. A total of 1600 birds were
divided into eight groups of 200 birds each. First four groups were vaccinated against NDV and ADV, while the remaining four
served as unvaccinated controls. The first 3 groups of birds were administered salinomycin, monensin and cyclophosphamide
(CYP), respectively. The last group served as an untreated control. The same treatment schedule was also followed for the
next four unvaccinated groups. The post-vaccination and post-challenge serological responses to NDV and ADV, body and lymphoid
organ weight gains, post-challenge survival rate and detection of NDV and ADV in the tissues of infected birds were evaluated.
Birds administered salinomycin showed a significant stimulation of protective immune responses against both NDV and ADV as
compared to the untreated and CYP-treated birds. Monensin also enhanced the protective immune responses against both viruses
but the effect was not statistically significant. Thus, it is concluded that monensin and salinomycin augment the anti-NDV
and anti-ADV immune responses in broiler chickens, which supports their use in poultry flocks. 相似文献
3.
Chickens were infected with an avian adenovirus group II isolate previously obtained from chickens exhibiting splenomegaly in commercial broiler flocks. The isolate was inoculated orally in 6-week-old experimental chickens, which were euthanatized and necropsied 6 days postinoculation. The primary gross lesions found were splenomegaly and splenic mottling. Numerous tissues from 12 chickens were taken for histologic evaluation. Histologic lesions included splenic reticuloendothelial cell hyperplasia with intranuclear inclusions. Lymphocytic degeneration was seen in the lungs of most chickens examined. Lung hemorrhage and edema with endothelial disruption and congestion of pulmonary arterioles were found less frequently. The splenic lesions in the chickens were similar to those seen in turkeys naturally infected with hemorrhagic enteritis, and the lung lesions resembled those seen in pheasants naturally infected with marble spleen disease. 相似文献
4.
Alvarado IR Villegas P El-Attrache J Jensen E Rosales G Perozo F Purvis LB 《Avian diseases》2007,51(1):27-32
An avian adenovirus (AAV) was isolated from liver samples of two 2-wk-old broiler-breeder flocks obtained from grandparents vaccinated at 10 and 17 wks of age with an autogenous inactivated vaccine containing the European AAV 8 (8565 strain) and 11 (1047 strain) serotypes (AAV8/11 vaccine). Affected broiler-breeders exhibited clinical signs and macroscopic and microscopic lesions associated with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). The isolated adenovirus, identified as Stanford, was molecularly characterized as European serotype 9. The pathogenicity of the Stanford strain was confirmed after inoculation of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens at 1-7 days of age, causing 100% and 20% mortality, respectively. The level of protection against IBH was evaluated in two broiler-breeder progenies from AAV 8/11-vaccinated grandparent flocks and a commercial broiler flock by challenge at 1 or 7 days of age with the AAV 8 and 11 serotypes and/or the Stanford strain. The broiler-breeder progenies and the commercial broiler flock exhibited protection against IBH after challenge. No significant differences in mean body weights were observed at 3 wk of age in any of the evaluated groups. We conclude that broiler-breeder progenies from 30- to 50-wk-old grandparents vaccinated with the AAV 8/11 vaccine were adequately protected against challenge with the AAV 8 and 11 serotypes and the Stanford strain. 相似文献
5.
6.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2005,14(3):588-593
In July 2001 in southwestern Ontario, a young broiler breeder pullet flock experienced 2.1% mortality from 10 to 14 d of age. Mortality prior to and after this period was normal. Clinical signs included depression, lateral recumbency, and death with feed present in the crop. Necropsy lesions included friable, pale yellow-white livers scattered with hemorrhages. Histological examination revealed necrotizing hepatitis with large basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the hepatocytes compatible with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). An adenovirus from livers was isolated in chicken hepatoma cells. Virus neutralization and DNA analysis based on restriction fragment length polymorphism performed on this isolate were consistent with group I fowl adenovirus serotype 2. The origin of the adenovirus involved in this outbreak of IBH could not be established with certainty. 相似文献
7.
Nakamura K Mase M Yamamoto Y Takizawa K Kabeya M Wakuda T Matsuda M Chikuba T Yamamoto Y Ohyama T Takahashi K Sato N Akiyama N Honma H Imai K 《Avian diseases》2011,55(4):719-723
From January 2009 to June 2010, many broiler chicks suddenly died without clinical signs. The mortality rates were from 1.2% to 17.0% in affected flocks. Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) was detected in 13 prefectures (northern, eastern, western, and southern areas) in Japan. The livers were enlarged and pale. The bursa of Fabricius and thymus had not atrophied. Multifocal necroses of hepatocytes with basophilic intranuclear inclusions were seen in the liver. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes were rare. Focal necrosis of acinar cells with basophilic intranuclear inclusions was found in the pancreas. Basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were detected in intact surface epithelial cells of gizzard and epithelial cells of the small intestine. The intranuclear inclusions of liver, pancreas, gizzard, and small intestine were stained positively for immunohistochemistry of fowl adenovirus (FAV) antigen. Ultrastructurally, basophilic intranuclear inclusions consisted of viral particles approximately 70 nm in diameter and arranged in a crystalline array. FAV was isolated from the liver of chickens affected with IBH. The serotype of most isolates was 2. This study suggests that IBH produced by FAV is epidemic in broiler chicks in Japan and that the present cases occurred as the primary disease without the association of infectious bursal disease virus or chicken anemia virus. 相似文献
8.
商品代肉鸡群中禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒和马立克氏病病毒的混合感染 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
山东兖州某商品代肉鸡场的 2 0日龄肉鸡开始出现大批死亡 ,剖检发现肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和心脏等主要脏器均出现大小不等的肿瘤结节 ,采用细胞培养和间接荧光抗体试验的方法从这些病料中同时分离到了禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒 (REV)和马立克氏病病毒 (MDV) ,通过组织病理学检查和斑点杂交的方法表明该鸡场的疫病为REV和MDV共感染引起的肿瘤病。这是国内从商品代肉鸡中同时分离到REV和MDV的首次报道 相似文献
9.
From 50 commercial broiler flocks included in a study concerning respiratory disease, signs of swollen head syndrome (SHS) were shown in eight. Postmortem examination was performed in eight birds showing signs of SHS from each flock. The trachea and head from each bird were collected for laboratory investigation. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of viral and avian mycoplasma antigens in the trachea, and bacteriologic examinations were performed from the infraorbital sinuses of the infected birds. According to the ELISA results, the most frequently detected antigen in the trachea was Mycoplasma synoviae (six flocks, 75%), followed by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) (five flocks, 62.5%), avian adenovirus (four flocks, 50%), avian reovirus (three flocks, 37.5%), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (one flock, 12.5%), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) (one flock, 12.5%). Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT), infectious laryngotracheitis, and avian influenza viral antigens were not detected. Experimental assays for characterization of NDV and IBV isolates showed that they were strains of low virulence (evidently vaccine strains). Bacteriologic examinations from the infraorbital sinuses of the affected birds resulted in the isolation of Escherichia coli (seven cases, 87.5%) and Staphylococcus spp. (one case, 12.5%). It is evident that TRT virus did not play a causal role in SHS in commercial broiler flocks in Greece, but in this condition, other viruses (IBV, NDV), mycoplasmas, or bacteria may be involved, and environmental conditions seem to be essential to the occurrence and severity of the disease. 相似文献
10.
A primary epidemic of inclusion body hepatitis in broilers 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) was diagnosed in 15 broiler flocks supplied by one breeder in the South Island of New Zealand. The affected flocks suffered mortality up to 30%. Malaise and slightly increased mortality were noticed by growers from about day 12 post-hatch; mortality peaked in the fourth week, and, in most flocks, declined to normally accepted levels from day 33 on. Gross signs seen at necropsy usually included bone-marrow aplasia, atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius and the thymus, and swollen hemorrhagic livers with focal necrosis. Jaundice was seen in many surviving birds. In some flocks, there was also proventricular hemorrhage, mild tracheitis, and airsacculitis. Downgrading and condemnation rates were increased in all flocks. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in hepatocytes of some affected birds. An adenovirus was isolated from a number of cases investigated. The disease in broilers was preceded by production drops associated with feed refusal and increased mortality in the breeder stock. 相似文献
11.
Detection of Fowl Adenovirus Associated With Hydropericardium Hepatitis Syndrome by a Polymerase Chain Reaction 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome HHS), previously unknown in the broiler industry, is an emerging disease that causes severe hydropericardium. A polymerase chain reaction PCR) was developed to detect the fowl adenovirus FAV) associated with HHS. The virus from infectedl ivers was purified, with confirmation by electron microscopy and experimental infection. Methods were developed to isolate the viral DNA from purified virus and infected tissues. Available sequence data on the hexon gene of fowl adenoviruses and other adenoviruses were aligned to determine the conserved and variable regions. Primers were constructed from the alignment data. The amplified fragment consisted of the variable region of the hexon gene flanked by conserved primer sites. Optimum conditions were standardized to achieve the amplification of the desired fragment. As expected, the amplified product was found to be of 0.7 kg size. The nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed the specific nature of the product. Amplification of the specific product could be obtained not only from the DNA isolated from the purified virus but also from the total DNA extracted from infected tissues. The PCR was useful for the detection of FAV associated with HHS. 相似文献
12.
J D Rodgers J J McCullagh P T McNamee J A Smyth H J Ball 《Veterinary microbiology》1999,69(3):189-198
Personnel from one broiler hatchery, and workers on 18 separate broiler parent farms which supply the hatchery, were tested for hand and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. In both locations, nasal carriage of S. aureus was more common than hand carriage. A total of 63 S. aureus strains were characterised by biotyping, protein A analysis and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. Of these, 36 were recovered from broiler hatchery personnel, 14 from broiler parent farm personnel and 13 from cases of skeletal disease in commercial broilers. Biotyping and protein A analysis indicated that none of the strains recovered from hatchery personnel were of the poultry biotype, but that two strains recovered from the hands of two broiler parent farm personnel could be grouped together with 12/13 of strains recovered from skeletal disease in broilers, as poultry biotypes. PFGE-typing could not distinguish 9/13 strains recovered from skeletal disease in broilers and one of the strains from the broiler parent farm personnel from isolate 24 (I. 24), which is the predominant S. aureus strain type associated with clinical disease in N. Ireland broiler flocks. The present study found no evidence of nasal carriage of S. aureus strains of poultry biotype by humans. The finding of hand carriage by broiler parent farm personnel, suggests that handling by personnel may contribute to the dissemination of I. 24 or other S. aureus strains associated with skeletal disease in broilers. 相似文献
13.
A commercial broiler farm with a history of poor feed conversion and chronic feed-passage problems was chosen for investigation. Chickens were taken from the broiler flock at specified intervals during growout and tested by virus isolation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for avian reovirus. Abnormal tissue pathology was first seen in the broilers at 9 days of age and continued sporadically throughout the growout period. Antireovirus antibody levels began to increase at 24 days of age. Avian reovirus and avian adenovirus was recovered at different intervals starting at 17 and 31 days of age, respectively. One-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks housed in filtered-air positive-pressure isolation units were inoculated with two inocula recovered from the field study. Avian reovirus was recovered from the tissues of both treatment groups using chick kidney cells. Significant weight differences were seen in one of the two treatment groups. This avian reovirus was given the name SS-412. 相似文献
14.
Four pathogenic avian adenovirus isolates associated with inclusion body hepatitis and mortality in commercial broiler chicks and chickens were characterized and identified. These group I avian adenovirus isolates were classified as group E (serotypes 6, 7, 8, and 9) avian adenoviruses on the basis of the restriction enzyme patterns of their viral DNA. Isolate 3718 was neutralized by a serotype 6 reference avian adenovirus antiserum and isolates 8193, 8380, and 8565 were all neutralized by a serotype 8 reference avian adenovirus antiserum by virus neutralization assays. Infectivity and virulence such as mortality, hemorrhages, enlarged green livers with intranuclear inclusion bodies, stunting, intestinal sloughing, and poor feathering were observed in specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos and were identical for all four isolates when embryos were inoculated via the yolk sac and/or chorioallantoic membrane. Complete mortality was observed within 72 hr postinoculation in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated intramuscularly for all four avian adenovirus isolates. 相似文献
15.
Incidences of mortality without any clinical signs occurred in growing chicks in a broiler flock. Five 17-day-old dead broilers with gizzard erosions were investigated pathologically. Macroscopically, the gizzards were found to be dilated with bloody fluids. The koilin layer of the gizzards showed multifocal black patches (erosions). Histologically, there was necrosis of the koilin layer, degeneration and depletion of the gizzard glandular epithelium with intranuclear inclusion bodies, and hyperplasia of the macrophages in the lamina propria. An immunohistochemical analysis revealed intranuclear inclusion bodies in the degenerating gizzard glandular epithelial cells that stained positively for group I avian adenovirus antigen. Ultrastructurally, numerous viral particles (an average of 72 nm in diameter, from 63 to 88 nm) were in the intranuclear inclusions of glandular epithelium. This study suggests that the gizzard erosions may have been caused by group I avian adenovirus. In addition, the degeneration and depletion of gizzard glands secreting koilin substances, by adenovirus, may induce a reduction of koilin substances, which may then cause gizzard erosion (focal loss of the koilin layer). 相似文献
16.
H D Lehmkuhl B M DeBey R C Cutlip 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2001,13(3):195-200
A virus (T94-0353) isolated from the small intestine of a 3-week-old kid with diarrhea and serous ocular and nasal discharge was identified as an adenovirus based on morphologic and physicochemical characteristics. Neutralization tests and restriction endonuclease analysis comparing the caprine adenovirus with the prototype bovine and ovine adenovirus serotypes and a previously isolated caprine adenovirus showed that the caprine isolate was antigenically distinct, produced a unique restriction pattern compared with currently recognized bovine, caprine, and ovine adenoviruses, and represents a new adenovirus type. The role and significance of naturally acquired adenovirus infection in respiratory and enteric disease in goats has not been established. Isolation of adenovirus from goats with disease coupled with seroepidemiologic and pathogenicity studies will help define the role of the adenoviruses in disease production. 相似文献
17.
18.
Allymehr M 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2006,53(1):40-42
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a pleomorphic Gram-negative rod shaped bacterium of the rRNA superfamily V that is associated with respiratory disease in poultry. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of O. rhinotracheale infection in broiler and broiler breeder chickens in West Azerbaijan (Urmia lake region) by using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In this study, 463 serum samples were obtained from 50 broiler flocks and 472 blood sera from 42 broiler breeder flocks. Results showed that 41 broiler flocks (82%) and 39 broiler breeder flocks (92.8%) were positive. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale antibodies were detected in 205 (44.2%) of the 463 broiler serum samples. Of the 472 blood sera examined from broiler breeder, 340 (72%) were positive. The results of this study indicated that the prevalence of O. rhinotracheale antibodies is high in the broiler and broiler breeder flocks in West Azerbaijan. 相似文献
19.
Muroga N Taharaguchi S Ohta H Yamazaki K Takase K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(3):289-291
Pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus (FAV), JM1/1 strain of serotype 1 derived from gizzard erosions of a broiler chicken, was examined to specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens pre-treated with infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDVs) or cyclophosphamide (CY). Virulent IBDVs, classical type, were inoculated orally at 3 days of age of SPF chickens. CY was treated subcutaneously for 3 days after hatch. FAV was given orally at 30 days of age. At 40 days of age, all chickens were bled and autopsied for serology and gross observation. Gizzard lesions were ranked by the scores depending on their severities. IBDV- or CY-treated chickens showed significantly higher gizzard lesion scores than non treated birds. There were no gross lesions in any other organs except for bursal atrophy. Serologically, antibody production against FAV was highly suppressed by IBDV infection or CY treatment. 相似文献
20.
The Hydropericardium Syndrome in Poultry – A Current Scenario 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Inclusion-body hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome (IBH-HPS) is an important, recently emerged, disease of poultry, particularly of 3- to 6-week-old broiler chicks, characterized by its sudden onset, with high mortality ranging from 20% to 70%, typical hydropericardium and enlarged mottled and friable livers, with intranuclear inclusion bodies in the hepatocytes. The causative agent is a non-enveloped icosahedral fowl adenovirus (FAV) serotype 4, belonging to the Adenovirus genus of the family Adenoviridae, which can be propagated or cultivated in chicken embryo liver and kidney primary cell cultures. The transmission of disease occurs vertically and laterally by the oral-faecal route. The liver of infected birds shows necrotic foci and basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the hepatocytes. The disease can be diagnosed from its gross and histopathological changes in the liver and by various serological tests, such as agar gel immunodiffusion, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, indirect haemagglutination, the fluorescent antibody technique, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the polymerase chain reaction. The disease has been brought under control by the use of formalin-inactivated vaccines, prepared from infected liver homogenate, and of inactivated cell culture vaccines. The vaccines are effective in the face of natural outbreaks or experimental challenge and significantly reduce the mortality. 相似文献