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对致羔羊脑炎肠球菌和羔羊正常菌群肠球菌进行培养特性、生化特性、溶血特性、药物敏感性以及拥有毒力因子基因种类与分布进行比较,结果表明2种不同来源羔羊肠球菌的培养特性和生化特性基本一致.致病菌均对链霉素、庆大霉素、红霉素等抗生素耐药,1株正常菌对四环素、红霉素及链霉素耐药.11株致病性肠球菌中有5株菌同时检测到esp、cyIA、asa1、ace、efa、EF0591和EF3314等7种毒力因子基因,2株菌没有检测到其中任何毒力因子基因.30株正常菌有3株菌存在gelE和EF3314,l株菌同时存在gelE、EF3314和asa1 3种毒力因子基因.正常菌群株3种毒力因子基因片段序列与GenBank中登录的相应序列同源性在95%以上,与致病株相应序列同源性在96%以上.致病菌能导致小鼠死亡,而正常菌群肠球菌则不能引起小鼠的死亡. 相似文献
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绵羊肠球菌部分生物学特性的比较分析研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
肠球菌是人类和动物肠道正常菌群的一部分,以往认为肠球菌是对人类无害的共栖菌,但近年来研究已证实了肠球菌的致病力。在需氧革兰氏阳性球菌中,它是仅次于葡萄球菌的重要院内感染致病菌〔1〕,肠球菌亦可引起院外感染。所致的疾病包括泌尿道感染、肺部感染、术后感染、心内膜炎、胆囊炎、腹膜炎、败血症、脑炎等,已成为院内感染的第二位主要原因〔2,3〕。由于其固有耐药性,所致感染治疗困难,肠球菌成为当今国外医学界研究的热点。本次实验,对绵羊不同来源的肠球菌(致病菌与健康动物分离菌)进行部分生物学特性的研究,比较致病菌与正常菌群在… 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2019,(7):1403-1409
产肠毒素性大肠杆菌(enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)是引起婴幼儿和幼畜腹泻的主要细菌性病原,初生幼畜感染后常因剧烈腹泻脱水而死亡。菌毛黏附素和肠毒素是ETEC目前研究最多的2类毒力因子,随着技术手段的不断进步和研究的深入,一些新型毒力因子不断被发现,如鞭毛、非菌毛黏附素、肠聚集性耐热毒素(the enteroaggregative heat-stable toxin1,EAST1)、自转运黏附蛋白、细胞溶血素等。本综述主要针对猪源ETEC的主要毒力因子以及新型毒力的结构功能及致病性进行阐述,为进一步深入探索ETEC的致病机理提供理论基础。 相似文献
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感染仔猪粪肠球菌不同分离株的鉴定及毒力基因检测 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
从近年来河南省各地感染发病猪群的肠球菌分离株中,选取来源不同且具有代表性的5株分离菌进行了包括致病性和毒力基因测定在内的系统鉴定。结果表明,引起本次河南省仔猪感染发病的病原体为粪肠球菌。各地分离菌的形态、培养特性与以及对极端环境的耐受性上表现较为一致,而对各种糖的发酵上存在着的差异;对药物万古霉素、替考拉宁、利福平和氨苄西林敏感,而对临床常用药物红霉素、卡那霉素和四环素完全耐药;经16S rRNA测定,它们与粪肠球菌ATCC29212同源性在99.6%～99.8%之间,与GenBank公布的NC_004668、AJ301831的核苷酸同源性为99.7%～99.9%和99.5%～99.7%;通过对它们2种毒力表型和携带的6种主要毒力基因以及与对小鼠的LD50测定,发现5株粪肠球菌携带毒力基因不尽相同,携带全部6种毒力基因的HE1和HE5的致病力最强,而仅携带4种毒力基因的HE41致病力最小。用HE1和HE5分离菌对20日龄的断奶仔猪分别进行攻毒,2菌株均能引起仔猪的感染发病。 相似文献
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屎肠球菌作为人及动物肠道中的机会致病菌，可在一定条件下引起宿主心内膜炎、败血症等。目前随着动物源致病屎肠球菌相关报道越来越多，其耐药性和致病性研究也日益增多，但野生动物源的相关研究仍较少。本试验为探究北京大兴野生动物园一只赤腹松鼠突然死亡的原因，对死亡赤腹松鼠进行大体剖检、病理组织切片观察、病原菌分离及其耐药性和致病性分析。结果显示，在肺和肾组织切片中观察到类圆或椭圆形呈短链状的蓝色菌丛；从肺、肝、脾以及腹腔积液中均分离出屎肠球菌；药物敏感性试验显示分离菌株均对磺胺异恶唑及泰妙菌素高度耐药；全基因组测序数据分析显示屎肠球菌均属于ST-324型，且都携带毒力基因efaAfm和耐药基因tetM、msrC,核心基因组单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)分析差异较小；小鼠致病性试验发现，分离菌株具有一定的致病性。本研究综合以上结果判断赤腹松鼠死亡原因为屎肠球菌感染导致的败血症。 相似文献
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Seventy-six Enterococcus isolates (43 E. faecalis, 30 E. faecium, two E. durans, and one E. hirae) recovered from fecal samples of poultry in a slaughterhouse (one isolate per fecal sample and one fecal sample per lot of animals) were studied for bacteriocin production and for the presence of genes encoding bacteriocins and virulence factors. The presence of genes encoding virulence factors (cpd, geE, fsr, ace, agg, and esp) and bacteriocins (entA, entB, entP, entQ, entAS-48, entL50A/B, cyl, and bac31) were studied by polymerase chain reaction in all enterococci. At least two virulence genes were detected in all 43 E. faecalis isolates, cpd and gelE being the most frequently detected genes (97.7%) followed by ace (62.8%), agg (39.5%), fsr (27.9%), and esp (2.3%). No virulence genes were detected in the other enterococcal species with the exception of one E. faecium and one E. durans isolates that harbored the gelE gene. Antimicrobial activity against eight indicator bacteria (including Listeria monocytogenes) was assayed in the enterococci, and 23 (30.3%) showed inhibitory activity against L. monocytogenes, the other 22 enterococci showing activity against indicator bacteria other than L. monocytogenes. Only the entA, entB, and cyl genes were detected in our study (entA + entB in nine E. faecium isolates and the cyl gene in seven E. faecalis isolates). A wide variety of virulence genes have been detected in fecal E. faecalis isolates from poultry, but not in the other enterococcal species. However, the presence of known bacteriocin structural genes is associated more with the E. faecium species. 相似文献
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Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are normal inhabitants of human skin and mucous membranes. They have long been dismissed as culture contaminants, but now the potentially important role of CNS as pathogens and their increasing incidence has been recognized. Approximately 55-75% of nosocomial isolates is methicillin resistant. CNS were the first organisms in which glycopeptide resistance was recognized. In the immunocompetent host, CNS endocarditis and urinary tract infections with Staphylococcus saprophyticus are the most common CNS infections. Other patients are usually immunocompromised, with indwelling or implanted foreign bodies. CNS account for approximately 30% of all nosocomial blood stream infections. The majority of these concern catheter-related sepsis. Other important infections due to CNS include central nervous system shunt infections, endophthalmitis, surgical site infections, peritonitis in patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and foreign body infections. CNS are rarely associated with mastitis in humans. Staphylococcus lugdunensis is more pathogenic than other CNS as it expresses several potential virulence factors. The distinction between clinically significant, pathogenic and contaminating isolates is a major problem. Several studies show clonal intra and inter hospital spread of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains which suggests that infection control measures may be necessary for multiresistant CNS isolates as for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. As a result of medical progress, mainly due to the use of invasive and indwelling medical devices, CNS are now a major cause of nosocomial and health-care related infections. 相似文献
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E. coli bacteria isolated from localized and systemic disease processes in poultry are designated as Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC). The disease-inducing potential of these isolates has been explained by the occurrence of specific virulence factors. Despite the extensive literature on virulence factors for E. coli, unambiguous markers of virulence have not been identified yet. The relationship between serotyping and virulence is not straightforward either and raises the question whether E. coli infections in poultry should mainly be considered as opportunistic. Investigations into the occurrence of certain (combinations of) virulence factors in APEC isolates as virulence markers should fulfil the molecular version of Koch's postulates if the former question is to be answered. 相似文献
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Teresa M. Braga Constança Pomba M. Fátima Silva Lopes 《Veterinary microbiology》2013,161(3-4):344-349
Environmental dust from animal breeding facilities was never screened for the presence of enterococci, nor of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), despite the possibility of being a vehicle of transmission of strains and antibiotic resistance genes between food-producing animals and man. Bio-security measures in pig facilities include disinfection with biocides to avoid the dissemination of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, namely enterococci and in particular VRE. We thus undertook collection of enterococci and VRE in a representative number of breeding pig facilities in Portugal (n = 171) and analyzed their susceptibility to benzalkonium chloride (BC) and chlorhexidine (CHX). A prevalence of 15% of VRE was found, with 6% high-level resistance found, and MIC values for CHX and BC were similar to those commonly found among enterococcal isolates from related environments, 8 μg/ml and 4 μg/ml, respectively. Among the isolated high-level vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium carrying the vanA genotype, we found multilocus sequence types closely related to pig and human isolates from European countries and Brazil. These results strongly advise constant surveillance of this environment and its inclusion in future epidemiologic studies on VRE. 相似文献
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Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis worldwide and is caused by serovars of pathogenic Leptospira species. The understanding of leptospiral pathogenesis lags far behind that of many other bacterial pathogens. Current research is thus directed at identification of leptospiral virulence factors. Saprophytic Leptospira species are environmental organisms that never cause disease. Comparative genomics of pathogens and saprophytes has allowed the identification of more than 900 genes unique to either Leptospira interrogans or Leptospira borgpetersenii; these genes potentially encode virulence-associated proteins. However, genes of unknown function are over-represented in this subset of pathogen-specific genes, accounting for 80% and 60% of open reading frames, respectively. This finding, together with the absence of virulence factor homologues among the proteins of known function, suggests that Leptospira possesses unique virulence mechanisms. Whole genome microarray studies have identified genes whose expression is differentially regulated under a range of simulated in vivo conditions, such as physiological temperature and osmolarity, low iron levels, and the presence of serum. The subset of genes identified by these studies is likely to include virulence factors. However, most such genes encode proteins of unknown function, consistent with the hypothesis that leptospiral virulence genes do not have homologues in other bacterial species. The recent development of mutagenesis systems for pathogenic Leptospira spp. has allowed the screening of defined mutants for attenuation of virulence in animal infection models and has identified definitively for the first time a range of virulence factors, including lipopolysaccharide, flagella, heme oxygenase, and the OmpA-family protein, Loa22. Interestingly, inactivation of a number of genes hypothesised to encode virulence factors based on in vitro virulence-associated properties did not result in attenuation of virulence, suggesting a degree of functional redundancy in leptospiral pathogenic mechanisms. 相似文献
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Boerlin P 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2004,5(1):95-102
Molecular epidemiology allows us to trace specific microorganisms and mobile genetic elements and to assess their epidemiological and evolutionary relationships. Examples of molecular epidemiology investigations in veterinary hospitals are discussed. They demonstrate the great similarities with the situation in human medicine and the potential usefulness of molecular epidemiology in our fight against antimicrobial resistance and nosocomial infections in veterinary hospitals. A broad knowledge of the diversity of antimicrobial resistance determinants in some major groups of pathogens and commensals from animals such as Enterobacteriaceae, Pasteurellaceae, enterococci and staphylococci is emerging. However, there are important gaps in this knowledge, which are discussed here. Many more molecular epidemiology studies will be necessary to understand and follow the evolution of the problem in veterinary medicine and agriculture on a global scale. To be able to build useful surveillance programs and reliable epidemiological models, and to identify critical intervention points, we need to improve our understanding of antimicrobial resistance at the animal and farm levels. Studies assessing the dynamics of bacterial populations and of resistance determinants at these levels are desperately needed. Understanding the relationships between antimicrobial resistance, colonization factors, and virulence also represents a major issue for which molecular epidemiology investigations will be needed. 相似文献
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Acinetobacter baumannii is an important condition opportunistic pathogen widely distributing in human living environment. Because of its strong drug-resistant character, it has always been a hot topic in the biomedical research field. However, little knowledge of its virulence factors is known comparing to the drug-resistance research. Acinetobacter baumannii can survive for a long time in host and cause serious damage to host cells after invading the host, so virulence factors might play an important role during the invasion, proliferation and injure process. Here, we summarized the advanced researches and progresses on virulence factors of Acinetobacter baumannii for benefiting future study of its pathogenic mechanisms, providing new ideas for the potential treatment and screening drugs of diseases caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. 相似文献
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Characterization of cell wall associated proteins of a Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis case by a proteomic approach 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Taverna F Negri A Piccinini R Zecconi A Nonnis S Ronchi S Tedeschi G 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,119(2-4):240-247
Staphylococcus aureus causes different pathologies in humans and animals. In particular, it is involved in intramammary infections in cows, causing economic losses and milk-safety problems. Although it is well-known that surface components (proteins and capsular polysaccharides) and exotoxins are virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis, less is known about the precise biochemical identity of such molecules. Therefore, mapping of surface proteins using specific disease- and environment-isolates provides a benchmark for strain comparison of pathogens with different pathogenic characteristics and antibiotic resistance mechanism and can aid in defining specific vaccine and therapeutic targets. In this study, we used a proteomic approach on protein extracts of lysostaphin-treated S. aureus in isotonic conditions, to produce a reproducible and well resolved 2-D electrophoresis (2-DE) reference map of surface associated proteins of isolated S. aureus from a case of bovine mastitis. The most abundant protein components were identified by Matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. 相似文献